GROUP 3 Improvised Conductive Paint As An Alternative For Printed Circuit Board

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

Fernando Air Base Campus, Lipa City, Batangas
IMPROVISED CONDUCTIVE PAINT AS AN ALTERNATIVE
FOR PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the

Institute of Engineering and Technology
Philippine State College of Aeronautics
Fernando Air Base Campus, Lipa City
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AVIATION ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY
CRUZ, JOSE ANTONIO K.

PAÑA, THRINA NICOLE S.
SANDOVAL, SETH Q.
TIONGSON, AERON DANIEL D.
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
LIST OF FIGURES iii
CHAPTERS
I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction 1
Background of the Study 4
Objective of the Study 6
Significance of the Study 7
Scope and Limitation of the Study 8
Definition of Terms 10
II. METHODS OF THE STUDY
Research Design 12
Research Method 21
Research Locale 22
Research Respondents 22
Data Gathering Procedure/Method 22
Evaluation Procedure 23
Data Analysis 24
ii
REFERENCES 26
iii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 Conceptual Framework 8
2 Carbon-based Conductive Paint Implementation 12
3 Circuit Board Prototype 13
4 Activated Carbon 14
5 Battery 15
6 Battery Clip Connector 15
7 Capacitor 16
8 Digital Gram Scale 16
9 Digital Multimeter 16
10 Foam Board 17
11 Laminating Film 17
12 Light-Emitting Diode 18
13 Long Nose Pliers 18
14 Paintbrush 19
15 Push Button Switch 19
16 Resistor 19
17 Transistor 20
18 Water 20
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CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
For the past years, the world of electronics is continuously evolving due to fast
advancement of technologies. The rapid growth of electronics and being associated with
a lot of things are the reason behind the development of conductive paints. Electronics
are concerned with the design of circuits using different components. This study aims to
contribute even in a simple way through the improvised conductive paint. Improvised
conductive paint is used to interconnect electronic components. Conductive paints are
known to be a little bit expensive, but it offers a lot of advantages. In addition to that, paints
are non-conducting by nature and would have no shielding effect. Conductive pigments
must be included in the system to create conductive paint. It air-dries at room temperature
and is applicable to any non-conductive material. It provides another way of creating
conductive pathways or traces and is affordable than the traditional methods. Materials to
be used are available everywhere. This contributes to the design of circuits and helps in
making the students better understand the topics. It is easy to use and applies to many
different functions. It can be used in different substrates such as paper, wood, cardboard,
and other non-hydrophobic surfaces. Though it is not as conductive and durable as solid
conductors. It is not applicable yet in the machines and devices made for rugged use. This
study aims to explore the potentialities, efficiency, and conductivity of the improvised
conductive paint.
According to the American Association (2016), conductive paints and coatings are
widely employed in electrical product manufacturing and a variety of other sectors.
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Electrode and contact fabrication, as well as antistatic and EMI/RFI shielding, are the most
common uses. These come in heat and UV-curable formulas and can be applied to both
flexible and rigid surfaces using a variety of processes, including screen, flexographic, and
rotogravure printing. In addition, metals (such as silver and copper), conductive metal
oxides (such as indium tin oxide), conductive polymers (such as polyaniline and
derivatives), and nanomaterials are often used in conductive inks and coatings (e.g.,
nanosilver).
Designers have recently brought conductive paints out of the industrial. Electrically
conductive paint in the form of jars and pens that can be applied to textiles, paper, plastics,
and other surfaces is now available in stores. In addition, many people are taking
advantage of the potential to produce garments, posters, and other products that can
generate light and make a sound out of the material.
Moreover, improvised conductive paints can be introduced as a demonstration tool
to better understand a basic circuit diagram. Since students are tired of the old traditional
ways of learning how to read a circuit diagram, a conductive paint is a sure way of breaking
that old traditional learning method. Learning how to read a circuit diagram is the most
essential skill to have as a student who is taking a course related to electronics. It is a
requirement to be able to understand how the connection in a circuit works. Being able to
visualize the circuit with the help of a certain demonstration tool like a conductive paint
can surely benefit the teachers and the students in the long run because of its flexibility
and utilization.
These demonstration materials are used during the discussion of topics to make
students better understand the topics. With the use of these, students can visualize the
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process of how the thing works. Using demonstration materials inside the classroom can
help the instructors to deliver the topics clearer and in a way that their students will learn
better. Demonstration materials are necessary to effectively deliver the topics and
concepts, especially for the technical courses. These will encourage and motivate the
students to engage in the discussion because there are materials that they can focus their
attention on. According to S.K Mangal, demonstrations refer to giving demonstrations or
performing a specific action or notion. The teaching-learning process is carried out in a
systematic manner using the demonstration approach. Demonstration is frequently used
when students are unable to connect theories to actual practice or when students are
unable to comprehend how ideas are applied. Three things are required for the
demonstration approach to be successful. These are: 1) The material on display during
the demonstration should not be too small. 2) Clear language should be utilized during the
demonstration so that the students can understand the subject quickly. 3) Students should
be able to question teachers in order to get answers to their questions.
The purpose of this study is to help the instructors introduce a new method of
demonstrating circuit diagrams in a fun and interactive way. Through this way students
will be able to clearly understand the theories and applications of electronics. This would
also help the students to understand more about the properties of conductivity and what
makes a material conductive. Solely this study focuses more on the capability of a
conductive paint and what it really can contribute to developing a new method of teaching.
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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Conductive paint can be a beneficial and simple approach to teach basic electricity
and circuit ideas in fundamental courses and lab practices because it allows one to depict
qualities such as the dependence of resistance and capacitance with geometric factors
using a specific material. According to Alejandrino et al., (2020), circuit design is an
important step in putting electronics technology into practice. The printed circuit board
(PCB) is a significant improvement over hand-wired circuit boards. A conductive channel
for current passage is formed by constructing an electric circuit. Despite this, electronics
hobbyists continue to struggle with the many component implementations. Furthermore,
the fragile complexity of PCB design and production might lead to problems.
According to Joseph Flynt (2020), in order to make a conductive paint, conductive
particles—like metal or graphite—and a liquid medium must be combined. To maintain the
typical wetting and binding of normal paint, the particles in the issue must be extremely
small. The current is transmitted through conductive paint by hopping from one
nanoparticle to another. This means that in order to act as bridges for the transmission of
charges, these particles must be packed very tightly together, much like pearls in a
necklace. This implies that some element of chance is involved in determining how well
conductive paint is applied.
Furthermore, when compared to traditional methods like copper etching,
conductive paint is a less expensive way to make conductive lines. When compared to
traditional procedures, it speeds up the repair of circuits and the assembly of components.
When compared to an electric soldering iron, such paints are less risky for students to
use. It also aids in the avoidance of complex printed circuit board manufacturing
techniques in applications where more precision is not required. Compared to traditional
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procedures conductive paint introduces a more flexible medium for application whether
paper or even fabric, compared to the traditional process where it requires a specific
substrate to function. The flexibility also gives choices on how the paint can be applied.
The use of conductive paint has the potential to revolutionize electronics
education. Students can connect electrical components with a power supply by drawing
circuits on paper instead of using wires and breadboards. This makes learning about
circuits much simpler, more enjoyable, and approachable for young kids. Furthermore,
conductive paint circuits don't even need to appear like circuits. This provides students
some creative freedom while designing their circuits.
Since there is no electronic waste in conductive paint, it is recyclable. As a result,
it is entirely recyclable and produces no electronic waste. Retail marketers looking to
identify their product with sustainability, safety, and health frequently use conductive ink
as their smart packaging technology solution because connected and interactive
packaging can be recycled if conductive ink is employed.
The potential of conductive paint, which is still quite young, is still unexplored.
Conductive paint is appealing because it is simple to use, reasonably priced, and you can
even make your own batch using some materials you may get at the store. It still has fairly
limited conductive properties, though. It is a brutal fact that a solid piece of conducting
material will always be more conductive than conductive paints or inks. Current
transmission requires contact between adjacent conductive particles that build a
continuous bridge from one terminal to the next. This issue does not exist with solid metal
wire. However, it's not entirely predictable how well conductive paint would replicate this
effect. There are more aspects to consider, such as the thickness of the paint application
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and the drying period. There will always be some inefficiency in charge transmission when
using conductive inks.
In this study, researchers will be demonstrating the efficiency and conductivity of
improvised conductive paint. Also, to contribute a demonstration material to the Aviation
Electronics Technology Department of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics so that
students can clearly understand the concepts discussed in the classroom. Students would
be aware of what's beneath the covering. In addition, they can apply what they have
learned in the discussion to design, build, and characterize the components. They would
be motivated to engage in class and use the improvised conductive paint to create their
own designs because they would be able to observe the circuit, they built themselves.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The study “Improvised Conductive Paint as an Alternative for Printed Circuit Board”
specifically aims to achieve the following objectives:
1. Identify the materials to be used on making an improvised conductive paint.
2. Present the procedure of creating an improvised conductive paint.
3. Demonstrate the efficiency and conductivity of the improvised conductive paint.
4. Contribute a demonstration material to the Avionics Electronics Technology
Students of Philippine State College of Aeronautics.
5. Encourage others to use an improvised conductive paint as an alternative tool
for Printed Circuit Board testing.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study contributed research – based data that can be useful in the field of
electronics. Furthermore, the researchers believe that the results of the study may be
beneficial to the following:
Students. The information presented in the study benefits the students because
it will help them apply the concepts they learned in the class in a practical way. It is also
another way of learning and exploring more about connecting components.
Educational tool. Education about electronics has the potential to be
revolutionized using conductive paint. Instead of using wires and breadboards, students
can simply draw circuits of paper to connect electrical components with a power source.
This will also improve the engagement of students during class.
Instructors. The Information presented in this study benefits them in a way that
they can gain more insights about the product that can be used in demonstrating an
experiment. This will help them make the students better understand the topics.
Community. The Information presented in this study benefits them in a way that
they can gain more insights about the product and can use this to build different things.
Future Researchers. Future researchers may benefit from this study for this may
provide them the facts they need to their study during data analysis and serve as a
reference for future research.
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SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study covers the process of making an improvised conductive paint that can
be used in connecting electric components. It is also focused on the creation and testing
of the product to know whether it is feasible and convenient. The scope of this study is
within what was believed to be attainable in the allotted time. As such, many improvements
can be made upon this initial idea. This study also aims to provide a demonstration
material as a visual aid for learning electric circuit diagrams.
The limitations of the product are that it is not as compact and rigid as the industrial
printed circuit boards, and it should not be applied to objects made for rugged use. The
product itself lacks the functionality unlike industrial printed circuit boards. The materials
are limited only to basic electronic components and common DIY materials.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
• Materials • Preparation of • The utilization

- Carbon-Zinc materials and of the
Battery components to be improvised
- Container used on the conductive
- Foam board experiment. paint as an
- Laminating • Extraction of alternative for
Film carbon element printed circuit
- Multimeter from the carbon- board.
- Electronic zinc battery.
Components • Mixing of carbon
- Digital Gram element and water
Scale to make an
- Push Button improvised
Switch
conductive paint.
-
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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
- Long Nose • Trial and testing of

Pliers the conductivity of
- Water the improvised
- Battery Clip conductive paint.
Connector • Assembly of the
- Paintbrush electrical
components in the
circuit board
prototype.
• Application of the
improvised
conductive paint
in the circuit board
prototype.
• Evaluation of the
final product.
• Demonstration of
the final product.
• Estimated time to
complete: 168
hours)
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework
Paradigm of the Study
The conceptual framework above used the Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model,
which shows the data on how to make improvised conductive paint. There are three boxes
presented, Input, process, and output. The objectives of the research represent the Input
Box. The process and the materials used are shown in the process box. The output of the
study will be the utilization of the improvised conductive paint.
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
For the reader’s thorough understanding of the contents of this study, the following
terms are defined conceptually and operationally.
Battery. It is used to store energy and produce electricity by converting chemical
to electrical energy.
Carbon-Zinc Battery. The components of this type of battery are use as the main
ingredients in making conductive paint.
Conductive. Any type of substance that allows the flow of electricity.
Conductive Paint. It is a kind of paint consisting of a conductive substance
making it electrically conductive and allows it to conduct electricity.
Container. A material used to hold the ingredients during the mixing process.
Electrically Conductive. It pertains to the materials used that allows the current
to flow.
Improvise. It means to produce a product with the use of materials that is
available.
Light Emitting Diode. It is a semiconductor light source that emits light when
current flows through it.
Long Nose Plier. It is used for opening the battery to get the carbon inside.
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Multimeter. The measuring equipment use to test the conductivity of the
improvise conductive paint.
Paint. A substance that is applied to a substrate and dries to leave a mark of the
design.
Printed Circuit Board. It is a non-conductive material with printed conductive
pathways, tracks, or traces that is used to mechanically support and electrically connect
electronic components.
Water. This is one of the substances used to produce the product.
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CHAPTER 2
METHODS OF THE STUDY
This chapter presents the description of research design, research method, data
gathering procedure, and evaluation procedure.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The researchers made use of experimental research design with experimentation
and manipulation in conducting the study. In this study, experimentation will be executed
by carrying out an experiment in creating the improvised conductive paint to achieve the
best mixture of paint. Also, the researcher used an experimental research design because
the study's primary purpose was to create and test the improvised conductive paint to
know whether it is feasible, efficient, and conductive; and if it would allow the connection
of electronic components.
1. Experimental Implementation
Figure 2. Carbon-based Conductive Paint Implementation.
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Figure 2 shows the process of the experiment. The procedure starts with peeling
off the carbon-zinc type battery to get the carbon element inside. The second step is
mixing the carbon element with a considerable amount of water until the right mixture is
achieved. The final product would be applied to the circuit board prototype that was
designed to work with the conductive paint.
Figure 3. Circuit Board Prototype.
Figure 4 represents the application of the conductive paint in the circuit board
prototype. These circuit board prototypes are made of foam board and laminating film with
a measurement of 7x5 centimeters, the standard printed circuit board size. This circuit is
firmly designed to test the efficiency of the conductive paint, particularly by making it an
alternative to the electrical path of the designed circuit. These prototypes are made to test
the basic electronic components such as the transistor, capacitor, resistor, switch, and a
LED light.
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2. Description of materials
Creating an improvised conductive paint includes the gathering of materials for the
project. These materials are needed to create an improvised conductive paint.
Activated Carbon
Activated carbon (also known as activated charcoal, activated coal or active
carbon) is the preferred electrode material in ultracapacitors, asymmetric batteries, and
various advanced batteries. Compared to other electrode materials, activated carbon has
proven to be an interesting electrode material due to its numerous advantages, including
a large surface area, high pore density, good conductivity, low cost, and outstanding
mechanical and chemical durability.
Figure 4. Activated Carbon.
Battery
A battery is a generic term for a device that converts chemical energy into electrical
energy. It comprises two or more cells coupled in a series-parallel pattern to give the
requisite operating voltage and capacity to suit the system's needs. The term "battery" is
also frequently applied to a single-cell device, particularly when it comprises battery
management circuitry.
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Figure 5. Battery.
Battery Clip Connector
A battery holder is often sold as a fixed or detachable cavity or compartment that
may be inserted into or mounted on a compatible piece of cell-powered equipment. A
battery holder's main job is to maintain the cells fastened in place safely and securely
while transferring power from the batteries to the target device.
Figure 6. Battery Clip Connector.
Capacitor
The capacitor is a device storing electrical energy that consists of two insulated
conductors in close proximity. The parallel-plate capacitor is a simple example of such a
storage device. The capacitor is said to have a charge Q if positive charges with total
charge +Q are deposited on one conductor and an equal amount of negative charge Q is
put on the other conductor.
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Figure 7. Capacitor.
Digital Gram Scale
A digital gram scale is a type of scale that gives an accurate weight reading. It
measures the weight or mass of an ingredient, expressed in pounds, grams, fluid
ounces, or milliliters.
Figure 8. Digital Gram Scale.
Digital Multimeter
A digital multimeter measures and verifies a variety of electrical stimuli, including
voltage (volts), current (amps), and resistance (ohms). The measured values are
displayed on a digital display, allowing even inexperienced users to read them easily and
directly.
Figure 9. Digital Multimeter.
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Foam Board
Foam board, also known as foam core board, is a sturdy and lightweight material
that can be cut easily with a sharp craft knife or a mat cutter for picture framing. It's often
used to mount prints and photographs, as well as to back picture frames. Foam boards
may be easily shaped into shapes for interior design and architectural projects. Foam
board is often made up of three layers: an inside layer of polystyrene or polyurethane
foam, a white clay coated paper, archival cotton paper, or standard brown Kraft paper,
and an outside face on either side.
Figure 10. Foam Board.
Laminating Film
Laminating film is made up of an adhesive-coated base film, such as polyester or
PVC. The coated film is wrapped around a cardboard core and inserted into your roll
laminator. Thermal heat or high pressure can both be used to activate adhesives.
Figure 11. Laminating Film.
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Light-Emitting Diode Light
The "Light Emitting Diode," or LED for short, is a specialized type of diode with
electrical characteristics that are very similar to those of a PN junction diode. This means
an LED will allow electricity to flow forward but not backward. When forward biased, light-
emitting diodes (LEDs) generate colored light at a specific spectral wavelength, depending
on the semiconductor material employed and the amount of doping.
Figure 12. Light-Emitting Diode.
Long Nose Pliers
Use to hold wires, bend loops, attach wires, and grip small objects or to reach
difficult spots.
Figure 13. Long Nose Pliers.
Paintbrush
The paintbrush is a type of brush used for applying paint to a substrate. It is
available in different sizes, shapes, and materials.
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Figure 14. Paintbrush.
Push Button Switch
A push-button switch is a mechanical device used to operate an electrical circuit
in which the user manually presses a button to activate an internal switching
mechanism.
Figure 15. Push Button Switch.
Resistor
The term "resistor" refers to an electrical component that regulates temperature
and voltage. Linear and non-linear resistors are the two types of resistors. Color codes
are used to distinguish resistors.
Figure 16. Resistor.
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Transistor
The transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify, regulate, and generate
electrical signals. Transistors are the active components of integrated circuits, or
"microchips," which often have billions of these tiny devices etched onto their gleaming
surfaces. Transistors, found in practically everything electronic, have evolved into the
Information Age's nerve cells.
Figure 17. Transistor.
Water
A substance made of the chemical elements hydrogen and oxygen in their various
forms of gaseous, liquid, and solid. At room temperature, it is a tasteless and odorless
liquid with the critical capacity to dissolve many other compounds. It is one of the most
common and necessary chemicals.
Figure 18. Water.
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RESEARCH METHOD
In this study, the researchers used all available resources to search for materials
needed to complete the study. Experimentation will be implemented to create an
improvised conductive paint. A trial of the product by the researcher will be done in order
to observe and improve the improvised conductive paint. After finishing the product, the
chosen respondents will then evaluate the improvised conductive paint. This part includes
the steps to be followed in creating the paint until the required test is included.
1. Preparation of improvised carbon-based conductive paint.
Step 1: Preparation of carbon-zinc type battery to be used as the main source of
carbon element in making a carbon-based conductive paint.
Step 2: Removal of battery shell to expose the carbon material inside the battery.
Step 3: Gather all the extracted carbon material and place it in the container.
Step 4: Mix the carbon material with water.
Step 5: Mix thoroughly until the right consistency is achieved.
Step 6: Test the conductivity of carbon-based conductive paint through the use of
multimeter.
Step 7: Use a paint brush to apply the paint to the circuit board prototype.
2. Application of the improvised conductive paint on the circuit board prototype.
Step 1: Create a circuit board prototype with the use of foam board and laminating
film.
Step 2: Design an electric circuit in the laminating film.
Step 3: Assembling of the electronic components in the circuit board prototype.
Step 4: Application of the improvised conductive paint on the circuit board prototype.
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RESEARCH LOCALE
The experimentation or production of improvised conductive paint will be
conducted at 062 Atienza St. Brgy. Quipot, Tiaong, Quezon. The evaluation of improvised
conductive paint will be conducted at the institution where the researchers are currently
enrolled, the Philippine State College of Aeronautics. It is located at Fernando Air Base
Lipa City. It is a flying school that offers aeronautical courses.
RESEARCH RESPONDENTS
The improvised conductive paint will be evaluated by the Aviation Electronics
Technology technical instructors of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics - Fernando
Airbase Campus. The total number of technical instructors evaluating the improvised
conductive paint is 8.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE/METHOD
As soon as the proposed topic was approved by the research adviser, the
researchers started to gather relevant information and data from the books, journals,
related studies, and other written output that is related to the topic. After collecting relevant
information and resources, the researchers use all of these as a reference in data
gathering. In addition, researchers use experimental methods and carry out experiments
to gather data needed in the study, and these data will be further studied and analyzed to
come up with meaningful results and conclusions.
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1. Experimental Set up for improvised carbon-based conductive paint.
Upon gathering all the information and resources needed for the study, these will
be tested and prepared for experimentation. In order to produce a carbon-based
conductive paint, the carbon inside the battery as the functional material will be extracted
and crushed. The carbon and water will be measured before mixing together. After mixing
thoroughly, it will be tested with a multimeter and applied to a surface to test each coating
or stroke before applying it to the circuit board prototype.
2. Experimental Set up for circuit board prototype.
Upon gathering all the information and resources needed for the study, these will
be tested and prepared for experimentation. In order to test the effectivity and efficiency
of the improvised conductive paint, the researchers created a circuit board prototype that
was made out of foam board and laminating film. Then, the researchers designed a circuit
that is applicable to the utilization of improvised conductive paint. The circuit design was
based on basic electrical circuits, including transistor, capacitor, resistor, batteries, switch,
and LED light.
EVALUATION PROCEDURE
1. Preliminary Evaluation
The initial phase of evaluation for the improvised conductive paint is through the
use of a multimeter. Researcher will be testing the effectiveness of the conductive paint
by measuring its resistance and if it would allow a proper current flow in the circuit. In
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addition, the researchers also made a simple circuit with the conductive paint as an
alternative for connecting electronic components to test its applicability.
2. Performance Evaluation
The second phase of evaluation for the improvised conductive paint is by applying
it to a circuit. In this process, the researchers would make a circuit composed of different
electronic components such as transistors, capacitors, resistors, switch, and light-emitting
diode light. Through this way, the researchers will be able to evaluate the effectiveness of
the improvised conductive paint.
3. Evaluation of Aviation Electronic Technology Instructors
The final phase of evaluation for the improvised conductive paint is by instructors'
evaluation. Evaluators will be examining the product based on the qualifications set by the
researchers. The improvised conductive paint will be evaluated by the aviation electronic
technology laboratory instructors of Philippine State College of Aeronautics - Fernando Air
Base Campus.
DATA ANALYSIS
The researchers will analyze and interpret the data gathered from the evaluators
to complete the evaluation procedure. The data will be tallied and computed to get the
weighted mean. The Weighted Mean Equation is a statistical approach for calculating the
average by multiplying the weights by their respective means and adding them together.
It's a type of average in which individual values are assigned weights to determine the
relative relevance of each observation.
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The following scale was used in interpreting the computed weighted mean of the
assessments on the manifestations of functions and practices catholicity.
Rate Range Verbal Description
4 3.5 – 4.00 Strongly Agree (SA)
3 2.5 - 3.49 Agree (A)
2 1.5 – 2.49 Disagree (D)
1 1.0 – 1.49 Strongly Disagree (SD)
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Dear Ma’am/Sir,
Good day!
We are currently conducting a study entitled “IMPROVISED CONDUCTIVE PAINT AS
AN ALTERNATIVE FOR PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD”. This study is being conducted by
Philippine State College of Aeronautics – Aviation Electronics Technology Students as
part of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Aviation Electronics
Technology. This will be an evaluation about the improvised conductive paint. This study
is intended for educational purposes only.
In this regard, we are hoping for your cooperation by providing your most honest
evaluation of our improvised conductive paint. The information that you will give is deemed
significant in completing the study.
Thank you for your kind consideration!
Respectfully yours,
Cruz, Jose Antonio K.
Paña, Thrina Nicole S.
Sandoval, Seth Q.
Tiongson, Aeron Daniel D.
29
IMPROVISED CONDUCTIVE PAINT AS AN ALTERNATIVE

FOR PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
Direction: Put a check on the item that corresponds to your answer.
Rate Verbal Description

4 Strongly Agree
3 Agree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree
Efficiency of Improvised Conductive Paint 4 3 2 1
1. The improvised conductive paint is easy to apply in a
substrate.
2. The materials that are used in making the improvised
conductive paint is easily attainable.
3. The procedure in making the improvised conductive
paint can be easily followed.
4. The process of making improvised conductive paint is
time consuming.
5. The process of making the improvised conductive paint
is hazardous.
Improvised Conductive Paint as Demonstration Material 4 3 2 1
1. The product is durable enough to be used as a
demonstration material.
2. The design of the product can be easily understood.
30
3. The product can help the students to better understand
the circuits.
4. The product can be easily utilized as a tool for hands on
activity.
5. The product can be used safely as a demonstration
material.
Application of Improvised Conductive Paint in the Circuit 4 3 2 1
Board Prototype
1. The electronic components used in the circuit board
prototype can be easily attained.
2. The improvised conductive paint serves its function as a
conductive pathway in connecting the electronic
components.
3. The circuit design that is applied in the circuit board
prototype is compatible with the improvised conductive.
4. The improvised conductive paint is applicable only for
simple circuit design.
5. The improvised conductive paint applied in the circuit
board prototype can be easily modified.
31

GROUP 3 Improvised Conductive Paint As An Alternative For Printed Circuit Board

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REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

IMPROVISED CONDUCTIVE PAINT AS AN ALTERNATIVE

FOR PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of

CRUZ, JOSE ANTONIO K.

LIST OF FIGURES iii

I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the Study 4

Objective of the Study 6

Significance of the Study 7

Scope and Limitation of the Study 8

II. METHODS OF THE STUDY

Data Gathering Procedure/Method 22

2 Carbon-based Conductive Paint Implementation 12

3 Circuit Board Prototype 13

6 Battery Clip Connector 15

8 Digital Gram Scale 16

13 Long Nose Pliers 18

15 Push Button Switch 19

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

conductive paint is used to interconnect electronic components. Conductive paints are

and is applicable to any non-conductive material. It provides another way of creating

widely employed in electrical product manufacturing and a variety of other sectors.

generate light and make a sound out of the material.

Moreover, improvised conductive paints can be introduced as a demonstration tool

essential skill to have as a student who is taking a course related to electronics. It is a

attention on. According to S.K Mangal, demonstrations refer to giving demonstrations or

performing a specific action or notion. The teaching-learning process is carried out in a

systematic manner using the demonstration approach. Demonstration is frequently used

demonstration approach to be successful. These are: 1) The material on display during

be able to question teachers in order to get answers to their questions.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

using a specific material. According to Alejandrino et al., (2020), circuit design is an

(PCB) is a significant improvement over hand-wired circuit boards. A conductive channel

hobbyists continue to struggle with the many component implementations. Furthermore,

According to Joseph Flynt (2020), in order to make a conductive paint, conductive

particles—like metal or graphite—and a liquid medium must be combined. To maintain the

conductive paint is applied.

Furthermore, when compared to traditional methods like copper etching,

techniques in applications where more precision is not required. Compared to traditional

The use of conductive paint has the potential to revolutionize electronics

some creative freedom while designing their circuits.

Since there is no electronic waste in conductive paint, it is recyclable. As a result,

it is entirely recyclable and produces no electronic waste. Retail marketers looking to

as their smart packaging technology solution because connected and interactive

packaging can be recycled if conductive ink is employed.

transmission requires contact between adjacent conductive particles that build a

using conductive inks.

In this study, researchers will be demonstrating the efficiency and conductivity of

improvised conductive paint. Also, to contribute a demonstration material to the Aviation

Electronics Technology Department of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics so that

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

specifically aims to achieve the following objectives:

1. Identify the materials to be used on making an improvised conductive paint.

2. Present the procedure of creating an improvised conductive paint.

3. Demonstrate the efficiency and conductivity of the improvised conductive paint.