Grade 6

LESSON II COMPUTER BASIC
Computer is an automatic high speed electronic data processing and digital machine designed to
manipulate data and generate useful information.
CAPABILITIES OF A COMPUTER
 It is self-directing – this means that the user provides all the instructions to the computer
at the start and then later proceeds without any human intervention.
 Saves and retrieved information – it can store voluminous data and gives out the same
data when needed.
 Computes complex formulas and generate accurate data – it can process calculations at
high speed and produce fast and precise output.
 It performs logical operations – it is an efficient tool in analyzing and solving problems
that involve decisions. It can logically manipulate data with correct input and instructions
from the user.
 Communicates with the users and other machine – it can display error messages on the
screen about the user’s instructions or data thereby avoiding incorrect output or results.
LIMITATIONS OF COMPUTER
 It cannot correct erroneous input data – if mistakenly given incorrect data or instruction,
it does not have the ability to correct. A computer fed with wrong data will produce
wrong information or in computer term, GIGO (Garbage In, Garbage Out).
 It can only do what it is instructed or programmed to do – the computer executes and
follows only the set of instructions that has been given/entered by the user.
 It cannot generate information without any correct data or set of instructions entered by
the user.
 It is subject to occasional breakdown – like any other machines, a computer malfunction
due to worn out components such as cards, storage devices and others.
ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

1. HARDWARE – computer itself and all of its physical parts.
2. SOFTWARE – refers to instructions or programs that control the functionality of
computer
3. PEOPLEWARE – refers to personnel or computer users
PARTS OF A COMPUTER
 INPUT DEVICES – tools from which the computer can accept data for processing.
o Keyboard, mouse, scanner, joystick, microphone
 CPU – silicon chip that process data and programs. It is also called “the brain of
computer”
 STORAGE DEVICES- stores data temporarily or permanent.
o CD, Floppy disk, Hard disk, Flash disk
 OUTPUT DEVICES – translate processed data into human readable form.
o Monitor, Printer, Speaker
1
PARTS OF A CPU
 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) – is where the math operations, logical comparison and
operational decisions are performed. These also inclue comparing, sorting and
rearranging of data
 Control Unit (CU) – directs the flow of data and instructions to the various components
of computer.
 Main Memory – is the storage unit that holds and manages all data processed by
computer.
KEYBOARD
PARTS OF A KEYBOARD
 Alphanumeric Keypad – allows the user to type letters, numbers and punctuation marks.
 Numeric keypad – located at the right side of the keyboard. Enables the user to enter
large amount of numeric data efficiently.
 Cursor key – allows the user to move the cursor up, down, left and right.
 Function key – include Esc, F1 – F12, Print screen, scroll, Pause/break. These keys have
special functions in most software application.
SPECIAL KEYS
 Shift Keys - press together with any letter you want to type in uppercase
 Caps Lock key – press to type all character in uppercase
 Spacebar – use to enter space between character or word.
 Enter Key – use to move a word or sentence to the next line.
 Backspace key – is used to erase a character to the left of the cursor.
 Delete key – used to erase a character to the right of the cursor
 Home key – pressed to move the cursor to the beginning of the line
 End key – pressed to move the cursor to the end of the line.
 Page Up – is used to move to the previous page/s or screen/s in a document
 Page Down – is used to move to the next page/s or screen/s in a document.
USAGE OF A KEYBOARD
1. Designed for input of data
2. Control operations of computer
3. Mainly used to enter text into word processor or text editors.
4. Used to type commands in a computer
5. Used to control some computer games.
MOUSE
MOUSE ACTIONS
 Point – position the mouse pointer over an item or area
 Click – Press and release LEFT button
 Right Click – press and release RIGHT button
 Double Click – press Click two times in rapid succession
 Drag – press LEFT button and move the mouse to desired location.
 Right Drag – use RIGHT button in dragging
 Drag and Drop – Perform drag then release the button.
2
MOUSE POINTERS
 Normal Select – Click on something
 Help select – point at an object and you get pop up help message
 Working in background – Wait
 Busy – windows is working in your most recent command
 Precision Select- select an area for your graphics
 Text Select – where you want your text to appear
 Unavailable – currently unavailable
 Resizing – move your mouse in the direction to shrink or grow
 Move – drag the currently selected object to a new position
 Link Select – select hypertext.

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LESSON II COMPUTER BASIC

ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

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