GAD AWARENESS

WHAT IS GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD)

 is a development perspective that recognizes the unequal status and situation
of women and men in society.
 Cultural, social, economic, and political norms, processes, and structures
institutionalize and maintain that women and men have different
developmental requirements and interests.
GOAL OF GAD
 Through influencing the process and results of policy-making, planning,
budgeting, implementation and monitoring, and evaluation, GAD as a
development approach seeks to equalize the status and condition of women
and men as well as the relationships between them. This is done in order to
consciously address the gender issues and concerns affecting the full
development of women.
GENDER EQUITY
 Refers to providing greater possibilities based on need to those who have less
and those who are historically and socially underprivileged so they can
compete on an even playing field. "Putting the needs of women first does not
entail prejudice against or disadvantage of men."
 UN–CEDAW (United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women) recognized the need to remove the biases
against and provide special attention to women through affirmative action. It is
a temporary measure that will be discontinued when the objectives of
equality of opportunity and treatment have been achieved.
GENDER MAINSTREAMING
 Is the Philippine government’s strategy for making agencies work for women’s
empowerment and gender equality.
 It is the process of analyzing existing development paradigms, practices, and
goals; assessing the implications for women and men of existing legislation
policies, programs, projects, and mechanisms.
WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT
 Is a goal of and an essential process for women’s advancement.
  Is a process and condition by which women mobilize to understand, identify,
and overcome gender discrimination and achieve equality.
 Women become agents of development and not just beneficiaries.
 A kind of participation in development that enables women to make decisions
based on their own views and perspective.
 To empower women, access to information, training, technology, market, and
credit is necessary.

MILITARY STAKES
• An enclosure or barrier of stakes and timbers. US a military prison or
detention area.

MILITARY CORRESPONDENCE
 military correspondence are the military or subjects to letters, non-military
letters, endorsements, disposition form, personnel action form, routing slip,
and messages
 Effective writing is essential for successful communication. As platoon
commanders or staff officers, written communication must be clear, concise,
thorough and correct. This lesson will discuss several different writing
responsibilities you will have as a Marine officer and familiarize you with types
of military correspondence.
IMPORTANCE OF MILITARY CORRESPONDENCE
 Written communication is a useful method of information dissemination and is
frequently essential to the success of missions. This lesson's goal is to
familiarize you with military communication, stressing the value of following
proper format guidelines while also providing samples of various sorts of
writing.
WHAT IS MILITARY CORRESPONDENCE AND ITS PURPOSE?
 the AFP chain of command and assigned in a far flung area can communicate
with its immediate of higher headquarters. Thus, military correspondence is to
get the action, or as means to influence decisions.
THREE TYPES OF CORRESPONDENCE
 Personal
  Business
 Official

PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
WHAT IS PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT?
 The process through which the structured thought and behavior patterns that
make up an individual's distinct personality evolve over time is referred to as
personality development. Numerous elements, such as our upbringing, the
environment we were raised in, and societal circumstances, have an impact
on personality.
 The combination of all these factors, maybe most significantly, is what
continues to mold personality. Along with innate characteristics, personality
also entails the formation of cognitive and behavioral patterns that affect our
thoughts and behaviors.
 Personality development has been a major topic of interest for some of the most prominent
thinkers in psychology. Since the inception of psychology as a separate science, researchers
have proposed a variety of ideas to explain how and why personality develops.

TYPES OF PERSONALITIES
The goal of personality development theories is to explain how we each develop our
own unique characteristics and traits. While the list of options could be almost
endless, most of these personality traits fall into five basic categories:
 Openness: Level of creativeness and responsiveness to change
 Conscientiousness: Level of organization and attention to detail
 Extraversion: Level of socialness and emotional expressiveness
 Agreeableness: Level of interest in others and cooperativeness
 Neuroticism: Level of emotional stability and moodiness
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT TIPS
On a global level, people spend a lot of money on personal development, with this
market bringing in more than $38 billion annually (and expected to grow). 10 If you're
interested in making positive changes to your personality, these tips can help:
 Identify your current traits. You won't know where to place your efforts if
you don't first identify the personality traits you feel the need to work on.
A personality test can provide an assessment of your current traits. Pick one
 or two traits to work on that you feel would help you grow as a person and
focus on them.
 Set a daily personal development goal. Commit to doing at least one thing
every day to help develop your personality. This doesn't have to be a big
action either. Even baby steps will move you in the right direction.
 Keep a positive mindset. Changing yourself can be difficult, especially if
you're working on a part of your personality you've had for a long time.
Staying positive along the way helps you pay more attention to the pros
versus the cons. It also makes the journey more enjoyable, for you and
everyone around you.
 Be confident. When you have something about yourself that you'd like to
change, it can be easy to let your perceived imperfection reduce your
confidence. Yet, you can be confident and continue to develop your
personality in meaningful ways at the same time, giving you the best of both
worlds while pursuing personality development.

MILITARY DRILLS AND CEREMONIES

WHAT IS MILITARY DRILLS AND CEREMONIES
 "Drill and Ceremony has always been a part of the Army," said Roberts. "It is
a way for us to show honor and respect for someone ranging from heroic
deeds to the burial of a military person who has passed away. Drill and
ceremony is one of the first things Soldiers learn when they enter the military.
 It helps develop pride and confidence in their actions, learning
professionalism and most importantly, it teaches them how to work as a team.
As a senior leader, drill and ceremony is important to me, because it is and
always will be a part of the military. It continues to honor the tradition of those
that have come before us. It builds esprit de corps: a common spirit of
comradeship, enthusiasm, and devotion. A lot of training goes into executing
drill and ceremony. It bonds us together as on, so no matter who is giving the
commands, we all understand how it is supposed to be carried out."
WHAT IS DRILLS AND CEREMONIES IN ROTC
 The Drill and Ceremonies course provides an in-depth introduction to drill and
ceremonies. The course concentrates on the elements of military drill, and
 describes individual and group precision movements, procedures for saluting,
drill, ceremonies, reviews, parades, and development of the command voice.
WHAT IS CEREMONIES IN MILITARY?
 a formal ceremony performed by military personnel. type of: ceremonial,
ceremonial occasion, ceremony, observance. a formal event performed on a
special occasion.
WHAT IS DRILLS IN MILITARY?
 A drill consists of a series of movements by which movements by which a unit
or individuals are moved in an orderly, uniform manner from one formation to
another move a unit or individuals in an orderly, uniform manner from one
formation to another or from one place to another.

BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

The AHA’s BLS course trains participants to promptly recognize several life-
threatening emergencies, give high-quality chest compressions, deliver appropriate
ventilations and provide early use of an AED. Reflects science and education from
the American Heart Association Guidelines Update for CPR and Emergency
Cardiovascular Care (ECC).
WHO SHOULD TAKE THIS COURSE?
 The AHA’s BLS Course is designed for healthcare professionals and other
personnel who need to know how to perform CPR and other basic
cardiovascular life support skills in a wide variety of in-facility and prehospital
settings.
WHAT DOES THIS COURSE TEACH?
 High-quality CPR for adults, children, and infants
 The AHA Chain of Survival, specifically the BLS components
 Important early use of an AED
 Effective ventilations using a barrier device
 Importance of teams in multirescuer resuscitation and performance as an
effective team member during multirescuer CPR
 Relief of foreign-body airway obstruction (choking) for adults and infants

FOLLOWERSHIP
  Social interactions and socialization entail structural and individual processes;
structures impact individuals and vice versa, while individuals simultaneously
impact each other (Fine, 1984; Maines, 1977). Structures constrain individuals
and also provide the context within which interactions take place and
determine what identities are salient (Fine 1984; Maines, 1977).
 Socialization is a process through which people learn how to behave or
participate in particular contexts and through which shared beliefs, scripts,
values, etc. are developed. Fine argued that “[a]ll organizations need
mechanisms by which potential recruits… become affiliated with the
organization” and learn what is expected of them (1984, p. 248). As roles are
learned and identities developed through socialization and interactions, we
absorb how we are supposed to act and in relation to whom. Professionals
generally have a code of conduct or an ethical standard that members are
obligated to follow (Reinke, 2006). In the military, personnel need to follow
international laws guiding warfare, the U.S. Constitution, and the codes of
conduct and regulations of their branch of the Armed Forces (Axinn, 2009;
Reinke, 2006).

MILITARY LANGUAGE RELATED TO FOLLOWERSHIP

 Discipline, military morale, compliance, commitment, authority, and legitimacy
have particular meanings in the military. In the military context, discipline is
part of the process of developing obedience and comes from internalization of
socialization (Gal, 1985); disciplining, then, is the socialization process of
conditioning people to be soldiers (Ulio, 1941) to the point where “[they] will
do as ordered, regardless of personal peril” (Axinn, 2009, p. 4). Military
morale stems from the duty to obey; it is a “conditioned quality” and, in part,
comes from internalizing military socialization, being disciplined to obey and
coming to have the identity of “soldier” (Ulio, 1941, p. 321; Gal, 1985).
 Attitudes, beliefs, norms, and statuses impact authority as well. People in
command have authority, that is, the ability to “exercise control over another’s
actions” and even “legitimate power” (Hamilton & Biggart, 1985, p.8) as a part
of their positions within a structure. These structures develop norms and
roles, including norms for making decisions, exercising authority, and
expecting and displaying obedience. In the military, people are trained
 (“disciplined”) to recognize and be obedient to people in specific roles or rank,
rank being symbolic of legitimate authority or power.

DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

Disaster risk management is the application of disaster risk reduction policies and
strategies to prevent new disaster risk, reduce existing disaster risk and manage
residual risk, contributing to the strengthening of resilience and reduction of disaster
losses.

Annotation: Disaster risk management actions can be distinguished between

prospective disaster risk management, corrective disaster risk management and
compensatory disaster risk management, also called residual risk management.

 Prospective disaster risk management activities address and seek to avoid

the development of new or increased disaster risks. They focus on addressing
disaster risks that may develop in future if disaster risk reduction policies are
not put in place. Examples are better land-use planning or disaster-resistant
water supply systems.
 Corrective disaster risk management activities address and seek to remove
or reduce disaster risks which are already present and which need to be
managed and reduced now. Examples are the retrofitting of critical
infrastructure or the relocation of exposed populations or assets.
 Compensatory disaster risk management activities strengthen the social
and economic resilience of individuals and societies in the face of residual risk
that cannot be effectively reduced. They include preparedness, response and
recovery activities, but also a mix of different financing instruments, such as
national contingency funds, contingent credit, insurance and reinsurance and
social safety nets.
 Community-based disaster risk management promotes the involvement of
potentially affected communities in disaster risk management at the local
level. This includes community assessments of hazards, vulnerabilities and
capacities, and their involvement in planning, implementation, monitoring and
evaluation of local action for disaster risk reduction.
 Local and indigenous peoples’ approach to disaster risk management is
the recognition and use of traditional, indigenous and local knowledge and
 practices to complement scientific knowledge in disaster risk assessments
and for the planning and implementation of local disaster risk management.
 Disaster risk management plans set out the goals and specific objectives for
reducing disaster risks together with related actions to accomplish these
objectives. They should be guided by the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction 2015-2030 and considered and coordinated within relevant
development plans, resource allocations and programme activities. National-
level plans need to be specific to each level of administrative responsibility
and adapted to the different social and geographical circumstances that are
present. The time frame and responsibilities for implementation and the
sources of funding should be specified in the plan. Linkages to sustainable
development and climate change adaptation plans should be made where
possible.

SURVIVAL TECHNIQUE 2

 Most people think of the tropics as a huge and forbidding tropical rain
forest through which every step taken must be hacked out, and where
every inch of the way is crawling with danger. Actually, over half of the land
in the tropics is cultivated in some way. The knowledge of field skills, the
ability to improvise, and the application of the principles of survival
will increase the prospects of survival. Do not be afraid of being alone in
the jungle; fear will lead to panic. Panic will lead to exhaustion and decrease
your chance of survival.Everything in the jungle thrives, including disease
germs and parasites that breed at an alarming rate. Nature will provide
water, food, and plenty of materials to build shelters.Indigenous peoples
have lived for millennia by hunting and gathering. However, it will take an
outsider sometime to get used to the conditions and the nonstop activity of
tropical survival. High temperatures, heavy rainfall, and oppressive
humidity characterize e

MAP READING

 In Section 1, you learned how to navigate using information from a civilian-

style map and a compass. In doing so, you learned that in order to navigate
accurately, the map is one of your most important pieces of equipment. In this
 section, you will examine a military map, study its parts, and learn more about
its uses. To be safe in a battle zone, you must know how to read a map, plot
your location, and move in the right direction. If you can’t navigate correctly,
you risk getting lost—or worse, stumbling into dangerous territory. Consider
the experience of MAJ Robert K. Wright Jr., historian for XVIII Airborne Corps.
MAJ Wright accompanied the Corps in Operation Just Cause, the American
liberation of Panama in 1989.
 Marginal Information The Army defines a map as “a graphic representation of
a portion of the earth’s surface drawn to scale, as seen from above.” Because
the map is a graphic representation, you’ll need a written explanation of the
graphic elements. You’ll find that explanation in the margins of the map: the
marginal information. (Chapter 3 of FM 3-25.26 explains all the marginal
information in detail.)
 The map legend identifies the symbols used to depict the prominent natural
and manmade objects that exist on the ground. These symbols are not the
same on every map, especially foreign maps. Check the legend to avoid
making serious mistakes. The legend from the bottom of the map in Figure
4.2 is shown enlarged in Figure 4.3.
 The scale gives you the ratio of the distance on the map to the distance on
the ground. For example, a scale of 1:50,000 (Figure 4.4) indicates that one
unit of measure on the map equals one unit of measure on the ground. In
other words, one inch on the map equals 50,000 inches on the ground, or
approximately 8/10ths of a mile or 1.27 kilometers. The larger the ratio, the
less detail can be placed on the map. Likewise, the smaller the ratio, the more
detail can be placed on the map. Therefore, a 1:25,000 map will have larger
grids, allowing the map-printing agency to place more details onto the map.

LAND NAVIGATION

 Land navigation is the discipline of following a route through unfamiliar

terrain on foot or by vehicle, using maps with reference to terrain, a compass,
and other navigational tools. It is distinguished from travel by traditional
groups, such as the Tuareg across the Sahara and the Inuit across the Arctic,
who use subtle cues to travel across familiar, yet minimally differentiated
terrain.
  Land navigation is a core military discipline, which uses courses that are an
essential part of military training. Often, these courses are several miles long
in rough terrain and are performed under adverse conditions, such as at night
or in the rain.

MILITARY HISTORY

 Military history is a humanities discipline within the scope of general

historical recording of armed conflict in the history of humanity, and its
impact on the societies, cultures and economies thereof, as well as the
resulting changes to local and international relationships.
 Professional historians normally focus on military affairs that had a major
impact on the societies involved as well as the aftermath of conflicts, while
amateur historians and hobbyists often take a larger interest in the details
of battles, equipment and uniforms in use.
 The discipline of military history is dynamic, changing with development as
much of the subject area as the societies and organisations that make use
of it.[3] The dynamic nature of the discipline of military history is largely
related to the rapidity of change the military forces, and the art and science
of managing them, as well as the frenetic pace of technological
development that had taken place during the period known as
the Industrial Revolution, and more recently in the nuclear and information
ages. An important recent concept is the Revolution in Military
Affairs (RMA) which attempts to explain how warfare has been shaped by
emerging technologies, such as gunpowder. It highlights the short
outbursts of rapid change followed by periods of relative stability.

FOOT MARCH
In the United States Army, weighted marching or 'rucking' is a staple of
military drills and training. All recruits are expected to complete successful
ruck marches: long journeys made on foot while carrying a heavy weight in a
rucksack.
How fast can an army march on foot?
  The average for a march was between 8 and 13 miles per day, with 20 or
more miles being more exhausting and less frequent. Also, the armies usually
walked less after a battle, unless in retreat or in pursuit.

AFP customs and Traditions

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF MILITARY TRADITION
 Military tradition is the practices associated with the military or soldiers such
as the styles of military uniform, drill, or the music of a military unit.
WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANCE OF CUSTOMS AND TRADITION
 Tradition plays an important role in military life for many reasons: It provides a
sense of continuity between the generations, upholds morale, and instills
pride. Becoming part of a cultural custom helps new recruits acclimate to
unfamiliar environments.
WHAT IS MILITARY CUSTOM
 A custom is a social convention stemming from tradition and enforced as an
unwritten law. A courtesy is a respectful behavior often linked to a custom. A
military courtesy is such behavior extended to a person or thing that honors
them in some way. Military customs and courtesies define the profession of
arms.