IBALOY

Name of Tribe: Ibaloy
Name of House
The Ibaloi build their houses (balai or baeng) near their farms. The Ibaloi
house has a larger room, a flaring roof, and a small porch. These are usually built
on five foot posts and contain only one room with no windows. Houses,
generally scattered in fields or on hillsides, are raised about two meters on posts
and covered with a pyramidal thatched roof. Subsistence is based on wet rice,
tubers, beans, and maize, supplemented occasionally with the meat of pigs,
dogs, chickens, water buffalo, horses, and cattle. Descent is bilateral. There is
marked differentiation between the rich and the poor, with a considerable
concentration of power and influence in the hands of the former. The traditional
Ibaloi religion centered on ancestor worship.
Ibaloi(People)
The Ibaloi or Nabaloi are a subgroup of the Igorot, the Indigenous People
of the Cordillera region, in the Philippines island of Luzon. Other Igorot Peoples
include the Balangao, Bontoc, Ifugao, Isneg, Kalinga and Kankana-ey.
Location
The Ibaloi or Nabaloi ethnic group found in the northern Philippines. The Ibalois
occupy the southeastern two-thirds of Benguet, particularly the municipalities of
Kabayan, Bokod, Sablan, Tublay, La Trinidad, Tuba and Itogon, and the southern
portions of Kapangan and Atok (CSG 2003). Called Ipaway by the Kalanguyas,
the name is derived from “those who live in the grasslands,” with ‘paway’ as the
Kalanguya term for grassland.
Dialect
The Ibaloi language (ësël ivadoy, /əsəl ivaˈdoj/) belongs to the Malayo-
Polynesian branch of the Austronesian languages family. It is closely related to
the Pangasinan language, which is spoken primarily in central and
southern Benguet, and western Nueva Vizcaya. Its dialects include Daklan,
Kabayan, and Bokod.
Ibaloi (Inibaloi)
Ibaloi is a member of the Northern Luzon branch of the Philppine
language family. It is spoken mainly in southern Benguet province and western
Nueva Vizcaya province in the Cagayan Valley and Cordillera Administrative
regions of Luzon in the Philippines. In 2005 there were about 116,000 speakers of
Ibaloi.
Ibaloi is also known as Benguet-Igorot, Ibadoy, Ibaloy, Ivadoy, Igodor or

Nabaloi. It is closely related to Pangasinan.
Background and History
“Ibaloy” is derived from “i,” a prefix signifying “pertaining to” or

“originating from,” and “baloy” or house, meaning “people who live in houses.”
The variants are “Ibaloi,” “Inibaloy,” “Inibaloi,” and “Nabaloi.” The Ibaloy is an
ethnic group of the old Mountain Province occupying Baguio City and the
territory northeast and northwest of it, including the mountains of Pangasinan, La
Union, and Nueva Vizcaya. They are found specifically in the municipalities of
Kabayan, Bokod, Sablan, Tublay, La Trinidad, Tuba, Itogon, and the southern
portions of Kapangan and Atok—all in the southeastern two-thirds of Benguet.
“Ibaloy” also means “the language of strangers” in Ilocano; hence, from the
point of view of the Ilocano, “Inibaloy” is the “language spoken by the Igorot.”
However, the Ibaloy language includes Ilocano and Pangasinan elements. The
Ibaloy people are of low stature, sturdy, robust, and ordinarily fair in complexion.
No basis has been found in the traditions or in historical records for the
conjecture that these people were descendants of Limahong’s invading forces.
In 1988 population estimate was 85,000 (Peralta 1988:3).
History An account of a Spanish expedition into Benguet in 1582 notes that

there were tilled lands and plenty of mined gold. Evidence that the Ibaloy had
pre-Spanish contact with overseas traders was the presence of jars, plates,
beads, and brass gongs, which were exchanged for gold and other products.
Rice did not seem to be a staple food until fairly recently. A 1624 expedition
noted that food consisted of yams, sweet potato, taro, maize, sugarcane juice,
and sugarcane wine. An 1829 expedition saw no rice paddies. During the
Spanish period, there were about 110 settlements in Benguet and about a
hundred more in the outlying mountain areas. Spanish occupation began in
1618, when King Philip III sent orders to the Philippines to search for Igorot gold
because he needed to finance his involvement in the Thirty Years War. In
February 1620, Captain Garcia de Aldana Cabrera and a force of 1700
reached the Boa mining community near what is now Mines View Park, Baguio.
The Ibaloy residents there had anticipated his arrival and had destroyed their
own town. Aldana dug up the timber that the Ibaloy had buried and built Fort
Santissima Trinidad, a few houses, and a chapel. Fort Santiago was built at the
Santo Niño mines in 1623 and Fort del Rosario at the Antamok-Itogon mines in
1625, but like the first, these were soon abandoned. In 1759, Tonglo village, a
wealthy community in the municipality of Tuba near Baguio was completely
destroyed by the Spaniards after the villagers drove away a friar who had
destroyed their idols. Military occupation continued in earnest with Colonel
Guillermo Galvey, who in 1829, burned 180 of the 500 houses in Trinidad Valley.
By 1883, there were only 50 houses in the area. Galvey’s punitive attacks
resulted in the subjugation of the Ibaloy, the first of the Cordillera groups to fall
under Spain.
Key Terms:
Tokod- A pillar, column, prop, support.
Atup- the structure forming the upper covering of a building or vehicle.
Kambung- pots are made of copper
Shuyu- food compartments
Shapolan- wooden box filled with soil serves as the cooking place
Shakilan- three stones as the stove
Kayang- spear
Kalasai- shield
Bekang and pana- bow and arrow
Papa- war club
Dohsung- complete pounding implements for rice: mortars
(al-o or bayu)- round or rectangular for different purposes, and pestles
(dega-o or kiyag)- rice winnower
Materials:
Pine trees are usually used to build the houses, especially for wealthy families
bark bamboo for floors and walls
Cogon grass for roofs are used by the poor. For cooking, they use pots are
made of Copper, and food compartments and utensils made of wood.
Baskets and coconut shells are also used as containers.
A wooden box filled with soil serves as the cooking place
Prepared By:
Jose Ian Gaitan
Marvin Geco
Ma. Sunshine Amer C. Genzola

IBALOY

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IBALOY

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Name of Tribe: Ibaloy

Ibaloi is also known as Benguet-Igorot, Ibadoy, Ibaloy, Ivadoy, Igodor or

Background and History

“Ibaloy” is derived from “i,” a prefix signifying “pertaining to” or

History An account of a Spanish expedition into Benguet in 1582 notes that

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