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    Ananthu
    This document describes procedures to conduct open circuit (OC) and short circuit (SC) tests on a single-phase transformer. The OC test measures core loss with the secondary open-circuited. The SC test measures copper loss with the secondary short-circuited. Test results are used to determine equivalent circuit parameters and draw equivalent circuits referred to the primary and secondary. Key connections and measurements are outlined for each test along with sample calculations of equivalent resistance, reactance, and loss values.

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    This document describes procedures to conduct open circuit (OC) and short circuit (SC) tests on a single-phase transformer. The OC test measures core loss with the secondary open-circuited. The SC test measures copper loss with the secondary short-circuited. Test results are used to determine equivalent circuit parameters and draw equivalent circuits referred to the primary and secondary. Key connections and measurements are outlined for each test along with sample calculations of equivalent resistance, reactance, and loss values.

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    This document describes procedures to conduct open circuit (OC) and short circuit (SC) tests on a single-phase transformer. The OC test measures core loss with the secondary open-circuited. The SC test measures copper loss with the secondary short-circuited. Test results are used to determine equivalent circuit parameters and draw equivalent circuits referred to the primary and secondary. Key connections and measurements are outlined for each test along with sample calculations of equivalent resistance, reactance, and loss values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views5 pages

    Ext 5

    Uploaded by

    Ananthu
    This document describes procedures to conduct open circuit (OC) and short circuit (SC) tests on a single-phase transformer. The OC test measures core loss with the secondary open-circuited. The SC test measures copper loss with the secondary short-circuited. Test results are used to determine equivalent circuit parameters and draw equivalent circuits referred to the primary and secondary. Key connections and measurements are outlined for each test along with sample calculations of equivalent resistance, reactance, and loss values.

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    of 5

    EX.NO.

    OC AND SC TESTS ON A SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

    Aim : To conduct OC and SC tests on a single phase transformer to determine values of


    equivalent circuit parameters and to draw equivalent circuits referred to primary and
    secondary.

    SL NAME SPECIFICATION QUANTITY


    NO.
    1. Autotransformer 230V,5A,50Hz 1
    2. Single phase transformer 230/115V 1
    3. MI Voltmeter (0-300)V 1
    4. MI Ammeter (0-2)A 1
    5 Wattmeter 5A 300V LPF 1
    6 MI Voltmeter (0-75)V 1
    7 MI Ammeter (0-20)A 1
    8 Wattmeter 10A 75 V UPF 1
    THEORY

    The regulation of a transformer can be predetermined by the open circuit (OC) and short
    circuit (SC) tests.
    Open Circuit (OC) Test : A voltmeter, ammeter and a wattmeter are connected in the
    low voltage side which is supplied at rated voltage and frequency. Since the
    secondary is open- circuited, a very small current Io (no load current) flows in the
    primary. The power loss is due to core loss and a very small I2R loss in the primary.
    There is no I2R loss in the secondary since it is open and I2 = 0. Since the no-load
    current is very small (usually 2 to 5% of the full load current), the I2R loss in the
    primary winding can be neglected. The core loss depends upon the flux. Since the rated
    voltage is applied, the flux set up by it will have a normal value so that normal core
    losses will occur. This core loss is same at all loads. Hence, the wattmeter reads the
    core loss only.
    Wo  Vo Io coso

    No-load power factor = coso= 𝑊𝑜


    o
    𝑉𝑜 𝐼𝑜
    Ic  Io coso Im  Io sin o

    R0=V0/Ic; X0 = V
    m
    0/Im

    Short Circuit (SC) Test: In short circuit test, usually the low-voltage side is short-
    circuited by a thick conductor. An ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter are connected
    on the high- voltage side. The reasons for short-circuiting the LV side and taking
    measurements on the HV side are as follows: The rated current on HV side is lower
    than that on LV side. This current can be easily measured with the available laboratory
    ammeters.
    Since the applied voltage is less than 5% of the rated voltage of the winding, greater
    accuracy in the reading of the voltmeter is possible when the HV side is used as the
    primary.
    The HV winding is supplied with a reduced voltage so that full-load current (not
    compulsory) flows in that winding.
    Since the applied voltage is low (5 to 10% of rated voltage), flux is low and hence
    core loss (proportional to flux2) is small and can be neglected. Since full-load current
    flows in HV winding, the wattmeter reads full-load copper loss. Secondary voltage V2
    is zero because of short circuit. Whole of the primary voltage is used in supplying the
    voltage drop in the total impedance Zo1 referred to the primary.

    Wsc = Full-load copper loss


    Wsc  Isc Ro 2
    2

    Z02=Vsc/Isc

    X02=√
    𝑍2 − 𝑅2

    PROCEDURE:
    c

    OPEN CIRCUIT TEST


    Make the connections as shown in diagram.

    Switch on the supply by closing DPST switch. Adjust the autotransformer and make
    the voltmeter reading equal to rated voltage. Note down the voltmeter, ammeter and
    wattmeter readings. Switch off the supply by bringing the autotransformer to
    minimum voltage position.
    SHORT CIRCUIT TEST
    Make the connections as shown in diagram
    Switch on the supply by closing DPST switch. Adjust the autotransformer and make
    the ammeter reading equal to rated current. Note down the voltmeter, ammeter and
    wattmeter readings. Switch off the supply by bringing the autotransformer to
    minimum voltage position.
    Sample calculation
    OC Test :
    Wo = core loss = watts Vo = V Io = A

    No-load power factor = coso=


    o
    𝑊𝑜
    𝑉𝑜 𝐼𝑜

    sino  1 cos 2 =
    o

    Core loss current, Ic  Io coso = A

    Magnetizing current, Im  Io sin o = A

    R0=V0/Ic; X0= V0/Im


    SC Test :

    Wsc = Full-load copper loss = watts Vsc = V Isc = A


    Wsc  Isc R
    2
    o2

    Z02=Vsc/Isc

    X02=√
    𝑍2 − 𝑅2

    To find Equivalent Circuit referred to LV side

    Rc = Ω Xm = Ω

    K=N1/N2=230/115=2
    R01=R02/K2=
    X01=X02/K2=
    To find Equivalent Circuit referred to HV side,
    Ro2 = Ω Xo2 = Ω

    Rc’=Rc * K2=
    Xm’=Xc * K2=

    Result:

    Conducted OC and SC tests on the single phase transformer


    OC Test SC Test

    Sl. In put In put Core Loss In put In put Current Copper


    No Voltage (V) Current (W0) Voltage (I) Loss
    (I) (V) A (Wsc)
    A

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