ACIDS AND BASE Lesson

GRADE 7 – PEARL
INDICATOR
• Is a dye that changes into a different color depending on
whether it is in acid or base.
Examples of plants that can be used in making a plant

indicator:
➢ violet eggplant
➢ purple camote peel
➢ purple camote tops (galay)
➢ red mayana leaves
➢ alugbati
➢ dragon fruit peel
ACID
• Is a substance that produces hydrogen ions, 𝑯+ in
water.
• Can conduct electricity
• pH < 7
• It has a sour taste
• It has a stinging feeling
• it is corrosive.
USES OF ACIDS
• Preserving food • Acetic acid in vinegar
• Making industrial • Nitric acid in fertilizers;
products sulphuric acid in detergents
• Car battery
• Rust removal from iron
and steel.
EXAMPLES OF ACIDS
• Juice
• Coke
• Vinegar
• Lemon
• Cobra energy drink
• Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (Muriatic Acid)
BASE
• Is a solution that is bitter in taste and usually no smell.
• Examples of Base that can be found in our home;

➢Baking soda
➢Window cleaner
➢Floor cleaner
➢Sea water
PH SCALE
• Is another method can be used to indicate the cidity
or basicity of mixtures.
• It extends from 0 to 14.
• Proposed by the Danish biochemist S.P.L. Sorensen.
ACIDIC OR BASIC
ACIDIC
ACIDIC
ACIDIC
ACIDIC
ACIDIC
ACIDIC
ACIDIC
ACIDIC
NEUTRAL
BASIC
BASIC
BASIC
BASIC
BASIC
BASIC
IMPORTANCE OF PH
•pH and the Human Body
Acids and bases perform specific

functions to balance the pH levels in the
body. When your body has too much
carbon dioxide, the blood becomes too
acidic. You breathe slowly. Breathing is
slowed to increase the pH in the blood.
If pH in the body is too basic, you
will hyperventilate to lower the pH. This
acid and base control is an important
part of biological homeostasis
(balance) in humans. In fact, human
life is sustained only if the pH of our
blood and body tissues is within a small
range near 7.4.
•Use of pH in Food Processing and Fruit
Preservation
During food processing, pH is closely
followed. Changes in pH affect the growth
of microorganisms, which cause food
spoilage. Most bacteria grow best at or
near pH 7. To prevent the growth of harmful
bacteria, pickling is an effective food
preservation method because it lowers pH.
The control of pH is also needed in
wine and jam preparation. A few species
of bacteria grow in a basic medium of
pH 9-10. This is the pH range of stale eggs.
Most molds grow within the pH range of
2- 8.5. In acidic conditions, many fruits
and products made from fruits are easily
attacked by molds unless the fruits are
properly protected.
• Control of pH in Soil
The pH of soil is very important. Some plants grow
well in acidic soil while others prefer basic soil. Farmers
need to know the pH of their soil since plants will only
grow in a narrow pH range. The pH also affects how
much nutrients from the soil become available to plants.
The following useful plants in the Philippines grow in
acidic soils: banana, kaimito, durian, pineapple,
soybean, coffee, eggplant, squash, kamote, and rice.
Other plants like grapes and pechay require basic soils.
Some plants grow best in almost neutral soil like orange,
peanut, watermelon, beans, cabbage, tomato, corn
garlic, and onion.
•Control of pH in Soil
The pH of soil is very important.
Some plants grow well in acidic soil
while others prefer basic soil. Farmers
need to know the pH of their soil since
plants will only grow in a narrow pH
range. The pH also affects how much
nutrients from the soil become
available to plants.
Rain with a pH below 5.6 is called
“acid rain.” The acidic pollutants in the
air that come from the burning of fuels
used in power plants, factories, and
vehicles produce gases which are
acidic. These gases enter the
atmosphere and dissolve in 52 water
vapor in the air. Some acid rain is due
to natural pollutants like those from
volcanic eruptions and lightning.
•Maintaining pH of Personal Care Products
Most personal care products have pH
kept at specific levels to avoid harmful
effects on the body. This is true for hair
products. For example, at pH 12, hair
already dissolves, that is why hair removers
usually have pH of 11.5 to12. Most
shampoos are within the pH range of 4 to 6.
This is because the pH of the product must
be compatible with that of the hair, which
Hair is least swollen and is strongest at this
pH range. But very often, using shampoo
leaves the hair basic. So, in order to avoid
eye irritation and stinging, shampoos for
infants and children have a pH similar to
that of tears (pH 7.4).
Hair has a protective covering called
sebum. The use of conditioners after using
shampoo puts back this oily coating and
penetrates the hair shaft itself.

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GRADE 7 – PEARL

Examples of plants that can be used in making a plant

• Examples of Base that can be found in our home;

Acids and bases perform specific

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