Investor Presentation - Thailand Focus 2022 - Distribution
Investor Presentation - Thailand Focus 2022 - Distribution
Investor Presentation - Thailand Focus 2022 - Distribution
This presentation may contain the terms “proved reserves” and “probable reserves”. Unless stated otherwise, the Company adopts similar description as defined by the Society of Petroleum
Engineers.
Proved Reserves - Proved reserves are defined as those quantities of petroleum which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be
commercially recoverable, from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations.
Probable Reserves - Probable reserves are defined as those unproved reserves which analysis of geological and engineering data suggests are more likely than not to be recoverable.
2
Company Introduction
PTTEP Overview | E&P Flagship of PTT Group
Shareholding Structure Operating Framework Strategy
Business Strategy
E&P Growth
PTT 64% Create Value from Existing Assets
Maintain Competitive Unit Cost
Local Expand Gas portfolio
3,969.9 Institutions 20% Drive LNG business
Million shares Foreign
Institutions 11% Decarbonization
Retails 5% E&P Net Zero 2050
GHG Emission Reduction and Technology
As of latest book closing Aug 2021
Development
CCS Projects
Renewable and Future energy at operation sites
Emission Offsetting and Ocean for Life
Stock Quote PTTEP
Market Capitalization > 17 Billion USD Beyond E&P
Sales Revenue > 90% SEA & ME 2014-2021 2016-2021 2016-2021 Technology
Cash Cost ~ 15 USD/BOE Power Business
Business Opportunities and Future Energy
In-house Technology
Level “A” Level “B”
4
PTTEP Overview | Diversified asset portfolio
Central Asia Thailand
Kazakhstan Home Base
• Dunga onshore oil field • 62% of total sales volume (6M2022)
(acquired from Partex in 2019) • Key producing assets include G1/61,
Oil G2/61, Bongkot, Arthit, Contract 4 and S1
• G1/61 (Erawan) transition completed
• G2/61 (Bongkot) transition in process
(1st 200mmscfd commenced in Apr 2022)
North America Oil
Continuous contribution
281,747 CO2 reduction from Paid to Thai Govt ~50,000 Social & Environmental
company’s operations in form of tax, royalty,
tCO2e and other renumerations MMTHB
7
Strategy Refinement
E&P Growth Decarbonization Beyond E&P
Create Value from Existing Assets E&P Net Zero Technology
Maximize Production ARV, In-house Tech
Accelerate Development GHG Emission Reduction &
Turn Discovery to Production Technology Development
Power Business
Competitive Unit Cost CCS Projects G2P, L2P, Renewables
Key Activities
• G1/61 and Yadana Ops Transfer • CCS at Arthit, Sinphuhom, Lang Lebah • Scale up ARV
• HBR 1st Oil Phase 1 • Energy Efficiency • Develop G2P (FID 2023)
• MZB 1st LNG Cargo (Late 2025) • Zero Routine Flare • Solar S1 (COD early 2023)
• Develop SK410 LLB (FID 2023) • Reforestation • Seeking opportunity in Renewables,
• Develop HBR Phase 2 (FID 2026) CCUS and H2
• Development Sarawak clusters
8
Projects Update
E&P Beyond E&P
• Maintain production G1/61 and speed up activities MOU with Krungthai Bank to pilot ASEAN’s first National
FY2022 FY2023 FY2024 Corporate Identification (NCID) platform, digitizing the
Thailand 200-250 MMSCFD 300-500 MMSCFD 500-800 MMSCFD Corporate KYC process for bank account opening
• Technical review Bidding round 2022
(G1/65, G2/65, G3/65) Delivered the Green area management web application for the
“OUR Khung BangKachao” project, for Chaipattana
• SK410B LLB FEED in progress, FID 2023 Foundation to implement Smart Farming
Malaysia • Participating in Bid Round 2022
• Drilling campaigns SK314A, SK405B, SK438 in progress • MOU with Nam Thuan Energy Investment JSC for cooperation
on the technology and use of smart drone solutions for
renewable energy projects in Vietnam
Myanmar • Yadana operatorship transfer completed 20 July 2022
• Yetagun withdrawal completed 31 May 2022 • MOU with Thyssenkrupp to expand and develop engineering
and industrial markets in Thailand, Germany and Southeast
Asia
Mozambique • MZA1 pending site re-enter, 1st LNG cargo late 2025 Launched “Arvic” application for personal health assistant
platform that aggregates health data from various sources into
one place, “Beaut” for wellness marketplace connecting
customers and wellness service providers, and “Nextcercise”
Algeria • HBR 1st Oil commenced Jun 2022, estimated sales for personal exercise tracking
volume 7 KBPD during Q3-Q4/22
Successfully demoed subwater inspection by inhouse tech
• Offshore 2 exploration well was successfully drilled and “XPLORER” to EGAT at Sirindhorn Dam (the world largest
UAE discovered approximately 2.5-3.5 TCF of raw gas floating solar plant)
• Explore farm-in opportunities, new bidding rounds
9
CCS – Key contributor to Net Zero
Assessment criteria Enablers
Non- Non-
operating Less oil price hedging losses QoQ operating Less oil price hedging losses YoY
items items
+205m$ (+81%)
12 +80m$ (+63%)
Volume and Price
UNIT: BOED 465,459 443,126 446,519
416,141 427,368 413,168
77,207
68,068 71,308
Volume Mix
400,000 55,993 65,344 45,867 Rest of World
98,166 Gas Liquid
95,766 97,600 102,239 97,885 93,774 Other SEA
300,000
27% 28%
200,000
290,086 Thailand & 73% 72%
264,382 264,424 272,819 277,326 273,527 MTJDA
100,000
Q1 2022 Q2 2022
0
-
2021 Q1 22 Q2 22 Q2 21 6M 2022 6M 2021
DD&A 15.27 13.43 13.33 15.62 13.38 15.73
Finance Cost 1.33 1.35 1.50 1.27 1.43 1.33
Royalties 3.49 4.27 4.22 3.42 4.24 3.42
G&A 2.22 2.23 2.47 1.97 2.36 2.03
Exploration Expenses 0.54 * 0.15 0.40 0.19 0.28 0.16
Operating Expenses 5.67 5.11 6.87 4.77 6.03 4.90
Lifting Cost 4.13 3.87 4.35 3.91 4.12 4.02
Note: * Exclude Exploration assets write-off in Brazil for Q2 21, 6M 21, and 2021
All Unit Cost shown above exclude costs related to new business
The formulas for calculating ratios are provided in the supplementary section for your reference
14
Cashflow, Financial Position, and Interim Dividends
Cashflow & Financial Position Interim
InterimDividend
Dividend
Inflow Unit: million USD
Tax paid Outflow
XD Date Record Date Payment Date
1,117 CAPEX
Cash flow from
operations 2,737
Dividend
paid
15 Aug 22 16 Aug 22 26 Aug 22
(Before tax payment) 784
Others
361
228
EBITDA Margin Unit: THB per share
2,559 76% 2,806 6.00
6.00 1H 2H
5.00 5.00
Beginning cash 4.25 4.25
(Dec-21) Ending cash 4.00 3.75
(Jun-22) 3.25 3.00
Note: * Include Short-term investment
Net of adjustment for the effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 2.75 2.75
2.00 4.25
23,445 24,189 Total Assets 2.25
1.50 1.75 1.50 2.00
Other Liabilities 0.00
6,923 7,122
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 1H2022
4,094
4,243 Interest-bearing Debt
Payout Ratio
* Based on average Dubai oil price in 2022 at 99 $/BBL Interest Rate (Fixed : Float) 83:17 83:17
16
Thank you and Q&A
17
Supplementary information
Profit and Loss Statement 19
Reserves 20
Finance 21-22
SD/ESG 23-26
Thailand Oil & Gas Market 27-29
Projects Information 30-43
Organization Structure 44
Ratio and Formula 45
Results | Profit and Loss Statement Unit: million USD
Q2 22 Q1 22 %QoQ Q2 21 %YoY 6M 22 6M 21 %YTD FY2021
Total Revenues 2,469 2,083 19% 1,767 40% 4,543 3,546 28% 7,314
Sales (1) 2,383 2,030 17% 1,729 38% 4,413 3,120 41% 6,731
Sales Volume (BOED) (2) 465,459 427,368 9% 443,126 5% 446,519 413,168 8% 416,141
Sales Price (US$/BOE) 55.61 51.35 8% 42.19 32% 53.59 41.35 30% 43.49
Gain from a bargain purchase - - - - - - 350 (100%) 342
Others (3) 86 53 62% 39 >100% 130 76 71% 241
Total Expenses 1,882 1,776 +6% 1,548 22% 3,649 2,953 24% 6,118
Major Expenses:
Operating Expenses 291 197 48% 193 51% 488 367 33% 861
Exploration Expenses 17 6 >100% 7 >100% 23 156 (85%) 226
G&A 112 93 20% 83 35% 205 158 30% 355
DD&A 565 517 9% 629 (10%) 1,082 1,176 (8%) 2,202
Loss on Financial Instruments - 245 (100%) 125 (100%) 237 223 6% 234
Impairment Loss on Assets - - - - - - - - 183
Income Tax Expenses 610 497 23% 321 90% 1,106 513 >100% 1,287
Share of profit (loss) from associates and JV 13 11 18% 2 >100% 24 5 >100% 15
Net Profit 600 318 89% 222 >100% 918 598 54% 1,211
Profit (Loss) from normal operation 647 570 14% 349 85% 1,217 631 93% 1,479
Profit (Loss) from non-operating items (47) (252) 81% (127) (63%) (299) (33) >100% (268)
Non-operating items breakdown:
Oil Price Hedging (38) (240) 84% (141) 73% (278) (248) (12%) (284)
Tax from Effect of FX (11) (2) (>100%) - (100%) (13) (9) (44%) (10)
Effect from FX and others 2 (10) >100% 14 (86%) (8) 19 (>100%) 12
Impairment Loss on Assets - - - - - - - - (183)
Exploration assets write-off - - - - - - (145) 100% (145)
Note: Gain from a bargain purchase - - - - - - 350 (>100%) 342
(1) Include Oman Block 61 deemed sales revenues from tax payment by government
(2) Exclude Oman Block 61 deemed sales volume from tax payment by government
(3) Consisted of Revenue from Pipeline, Gain from FX, Forward Contract, and Gain from Oil price Hedging.
19
Reserves at the Year-end 2021
PTTEP Overview | Reserves
Sustained reserve life at over 5 years target
Reserves
MMBOE Life 2021 by Geography
2,500 Domestic International
2,123 11.7 Years
2,123
2,000
1,647 1,622 773 1,350 54%
1,500 7.5 Years 55%
507 548
45% 46%
1,000
P1 P1 + P2
1,140 1,350
500 1,074
2021 by Product Type
- Gas Liquid
2019 2020 2021 2,123
As of December 2021
20
Finance | 5-year Sales Volume & Investment Budget (announced December 2021)
In KBOED CAGR +5%
600 473 493 528
416 467 463
22 35 Rest of World
7 8 9
Sales Volume 400 2 167 164 166 171 205 Other SEA &
150
Middle East
200 298 300
264 293 291 288 Thailand & MTJDA
-
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
In MMUSD 5,774
6,000 5,666 5,371 5,633 5,429 5,065
2,300 1,994 1,996 2,020
OPEX
4,000 2,449 2,172
Investment CAPEX
457 809 1,081 1,237
1,608 770 (Dev & Pre-sanction projects (2))
2,000 241 2,760 2,568 2,556 2,172 2,123
CAPEX
1,625 (Producing projects (3))
-
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
5 Years (2022 – 2026) G1/61: April
CAPEX 16,533
Capacity 800 MMSCFD Mozambique LNG: 2H SK410B: 1H (1)
Capacity 13 MTPA Initial Capacity 800-1000 MMSCFD
OPEX 10,631 G2/61: April G2/61: March
Capacity 200 MMSCFD Capacity 700 MMSCFD
TOTAL 27,164 Algeria HBR
Southwest Vietnam: 2H (1) (Full
Key Project Start-up Algeria HBR Capacity 490 MMSCFD phase): 2H
(phase l) : 1H Capacity 50-60 KBPD
Capacity 10-13 KBPD
Note: (1) Subject to regulatory approval and FID timing
(2) Development & Pre-sanction projects include Mozambique LNG , Algeria HBR, SK410B and Southwest Vietnam
(3) Including exploration and appraisal in all projects and head office CAPEX, and new businesses 21 Not included Sole Investment in G1/61 (Erawan)
Finance | Debt Maturity Profile
700
648 650
600
600
500 490
USD Millions
400 379
350
300
100
As of June 2022
22
Our Net Zero Ambition
A A- B B- C C- D D- No Response
ESG Standards
37.5
Domestic Myanmar LNG 4,378
o Increase in energy demand & become closer to 37
36.5
demand before COVID-19 pandemic, along with 36 (High)
35.5
Domestic Myanmar LNG 4,726 35.3
high level of energy prices 35 35.0
33.9 (Average)
o As of May 2022, compared with the same period 34
Domestic Myanmar LNG 4,699 34.0
of last year: significantly declined in domestic 33 33.3 33.5
(Low)
supply, while gas from Myanmar and LNG imports 32.1 33.4
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 32
remained constant. 31
31.3
30.0
Natural Gas Consumption Electricity Generation 30
MMSCFD GWH 29
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
FY 2020 FY 2021 5M 2022
27
Thailand’s Energy Value Chain
Thailand | Energy Value Chain
PTTEP contributes over 1/3 of Thailand’s petroleum production
5M 2022 Thailand’s Oil and Gas Demand 6M 2022 Thailand Petroleum Production Midstream
Source: Energy Policy and Planning Office (EPPO) and Department of Mineral Fuels (DMF)
28
Thailand | Oil and Gas Balance
Oil Balance*** Natural Gas Balance****
Maintains stability supply through adequate refining capacity Main driver of the Thailand economy
PTTEP
49% Myanmar
LNG 37%
Others 63%
51%
Industry (18%)
Industry
Household LPG NGV (3%)
Transportation NGL
(7%)
Source: PTT
Note: * Refined product from refineries = 971 KBD, including domestic supply of LPG from GSPs and Petrochemical Plants = 83 KBD
** Not included Inventory
*** Information as of 3M 2022
**** Information as of 3M 2022
MMSCFD @ Heating Value 1,000 Btu/ft3 29
Projects | Thailand, Myanmar and Malaysia
Myanmar
Production Malaysia
Zawtika (80% WI)
Operate Zawtika project, start up in March 2014 with Production
current gas supply of 322 MMSCFD for 6M2022
Yadana (37.1% WI) Block K Project :
Become an operator of Yadana project on July 20, 2022 Kikeh (56% WI) , Siakap North-Petai (SNP) (22.4% WI) and
Gumusut-Kakap (GK) (7.2% WI)
Exploration • Average production volume in 6M2022 was 25 KBPD
M3 (100% WI) of crude oil and 28 MMSCFD of natural gas
Awaiting development
SK309 and SK311 Project : (59.5% WI)
For East Patricia field (42% WI)
Thailand • Average production volume in 6M2022 was 198 MMSCFD
of natural gas and 18 KBPD of condensates and crude
Production / Ramp-up Projects
Bongkot (66.6667% WI) Block H Project :
Average natural gas and condensate sales volume of 751 Rotan field (56% WI) Remaining Area (42% WI)
MMSCFD and 20 KBPD in 6M2022 • First gas early February 2021 with average production volume in
6M2022 at 256 MMSCFD of natural gas
S1 (100% WI) • Full capacity at 270 MMSCFD
The largest onshore crude oil production field in Thailand G1/61
For Block K, gross production is net off utilization
with 6M2022 average crude oil sales volume of 25 KBPD SB412 Sabah H
Arthit (80% WI)
& G2/61
Exploration
Average sales volume in 6M2022 was 287 MMSCFD of Sarawak SK410B Project (42.5% WI)
natural gas and 16 KBPD of condensates • Multi TCF gas discovery in Lang Lebah Field
Contract 4 (60% WI) • Expected to reach Final Investment Decision (FID) in 2023
Average sales volume in 6M2022 was 393 MMSCFD of
natural gas and 15 KBPD of condensate Sarawak SK417 and Sarawak SK405B projects
G1/61 (60% WI) SK309 & SK311 • New Petroleum discoveries with additional well drilling
• Operatorship transfer completed. First year production to assess upside potential
rate of 200-250MMSCFD. Production phase
• Sole investment 100% Exploration phase Sabah SB412
• New block awarded from 2021 Malaysia Bid Round
G2/61 (100% WI) • The project is under preparation for Exploration activities.
• GBN transition completed. Production rate at
200 MMSCFD Note: WI – working interest
30
Projects | Vietnam and Indonesia
Vietnam
VIETNAM
Indonesia
Natuna Sea A (11.5% WI)
• Average sales volume of natural gas was 187
MMSCFD in 6M2022
Production projects
Pre sanction projects
31
Projects | Middle East
UAE Oman
Mukhaizna (Block 53)
Abu Dhabi Offshore 1,2 and 3
• High potential prospective resources with significant sizeable discoveries PDO (Block 6) • Largest single onshore
producing field in Oman
• Located North-west of Abu Dhabi Emirates, United Arab Emirates • Average oil production volume of
• Granted the award for exploration in January 2019 - 2020 • Largest asset covering around 94 KBPD for 6M2022
1/3 of the country
• Operated by Eni Abu Dhabi B.V. (70% interest) Abu Dhabi offshore 3 • Operated by Occidental
Sharjah • Long-life asset, produced only Petroleum (47% interest)
Sharjah Onshore Area C Onshore Area C 15% of reserves in-place
• High gas & condensate potential with the possibility of integrating with • Average oil production volume
surrounding fields of 660 KBPD for 6M2022
• Located in the central part of Sharjah Emirate , United Arab Emirates • Operated by Petroleum Oman Block 61
• Operated by Eni Abu Dhabi B.V. (50% interest) Block 61
Development of Oman
(Joint Operating Company) • Largest tight gas development in
ADNOC Gas Processing (AGP) Middle East
• Gas and condensate production
• One of the largest gas processing complexes in the world Oman Onshore capacity of 1,500 MMSCFD and
(total capacity of 8 BCFD) block 12 Oman Onshore Block 12 65,000 BPD respectively
JV: 3 plants with capacity of 1.2 BCFD • Located onshore central part of • Operated by BP Exploration
ADNOC: 2 plants with capacity of 6.9 BCFD the Sultanate of Oman (Epsilon) Limited (40% interest)
• Essential to Abu Dhabi and UAE’s economy *Block awarded in 2019 • Signed agreement with Oman’s
• Sizeable volumes of Propane, Butane and Naphtha offtake **Block awarded in 2020 Ministry of Oil and Gas (MOG) for Oman LNG
• Operated by ADNOC (68% interest) exploration and production rights
Production phase in February 2020 • The only LNG facility in Oman
Exploration phase
Midstream
• Operated by Total E&P Oman • Processing capacity 10.4 MTPA
Block 12 B.V. (80% interest) • Contracted LNG sales to
international buyers: Japan
and South Korea
• Government of Oman 51%
(Operator)
3 B8/32 and 9A JV Production PTTEP 25.01% 47 10 • Ensure gas deliverability level at DCQ
Chevron 51.66% • Drill development wells
MOECO 16.71%
KrisEnergy 4.63%
Palang Sophon 2%
4 Bongkot Operator Production PTTEP 66.67% 751 20 • Block 15 ended the concession on 23 Apr 2022 and operates under G2/61
TotalEnergies 33.33% project. Block 16 and Block 17 has maintained production until end of
concession on 7 March 2023.
• Infills drilling for BKT Sole investment
• Maintain production level as planned
• Carry out wells plug and abandonment
5 Contract 4 (Pailin) JV Production PTTEP 60% 398 16 • Ensure gas deliverability level at DCQ
Chevron 35% • Drill development wells
MOECO 5%
6 E5 JV Production PTTEP 20% 7 - • Ensure gas deliverability level at DCQ
EXXON MOBIL 80%
11 S1 OP Production PTTEP 100% 8 Crude: 25 KBPD • Production optimization and long-term development are on-going for
LPG: 175 MTon/Day business plan and work activities identification.
12 Sinphuhorm OP Production PTTEP 55% 96 0.3 • Ensure gas deliverability at CDC high nomination
Apico 35% • On-going the drilling campaign for 2 development wells in Q2 - Q4 2022
EXXON MOBIL 10%
13 L22/43 OP Production PTTEP 100% - - • On-going execution plan of total 5 drilling wells scheduled in Q4 2022.
• Plan to prepare for the resume production or exit strategy in future after
drilling results confirmed.
16 G1/61 (Erawan) OP Production PTTEP 60% 88 2 • Successful transition to become operator on 24 April 2022
Mubadala 40% • Production ramp-up in progress with installing 2 WHPs of Phase 1A
Development and another 6 WHPs to be installed within 2022.
4 Malaysia – Other projects OP Exploration PTTEP 42.5 - 80% - - • SK410B : Plan to drill 1 wildcat well in Jul’22 and expected FID in 2023 for LLB
(varied by • SK417 : Planning and preparing for the drilling of appraisal well (NANGKA-2)
permits) in 2022 exploration campaign
• SK405B, SK438, SK314A : Well planning in progress
• SB412 : Preparing for exploration activities and focusing on seismic activity
5 Yadana JV Production PTTEP 25.5% 734 - • Became a new operator on 20 July 2022
(Myanmar) TotalEnergies 31.24% • Activities for transition performed in a safe and orderly manner for smooth
Chevron 28.26% and continuity of operation
MOGE 15%
6 Zawtika : M9 & a part of M11 OP Production PTTEP 80% 322 - • Maintain operations. Some activities are delayed due to COVID-19 and
(Myanmar) Myanma Oil and 20% political situation.
Gas Enterprise
(MOGE)
7 M3 OP Exploration PTTEP 100% - - • Waiting for approval of PSC Supplementary
(Myanmar) • Closely monitor the situations to assess risks, as well as to prepare for an
appropriate action plan
8 MD-7 OP Exploration PTTEP 50% - - • Termination process in progress
(Myanmar) TotalEnergies 50%
39
Projects Details | Middle East
Project Name Status Phase Participating Interest* (%) Sales Vol Gas Sales Vol Liquid Latest Status
(MMSCFD) (KBPD)
7 Oman Onshore Block 12 JV Exploration PTTEP 20% - - • 3D seismic reprocessing (original 3D) in progress
Total E&P Oman Block 80% • 3D seismic acquisition (new 3D) is in process for tendering
12 B.V.
8 Oman Block 61 JV Production PTTEP 20% 1,504 61 • Normal operations
BP 40%
Makarim Gas 30%
Development LLC
PC Oman Ventures 10%
Limited (PETRONAS)
Board of Directors
Internal Audit
Division
Chief Executive Officer
Enterprise Transformation
New Business Division Department
Human
Strategy and Geosciences, Engineering, Resources,
Domestic International Operations Finance and
Business Subsurface and and Corporate
Production Production Support Accounting
Development Exploration Development Affairs and
Asset Group Asset Group Group Assurance Group
Group Group Group
Group
44
Ratio and Formula
Lifting Cost (Operating Exp. – Transportation Cost – Stock Variation – Other expenses not related to Net debt Total debt – Liquidity
($/BOE) lifting) / Production Volume Debt to Equity Total debt / Shareholders' equity
Cash Cost (Operating Exp. + Exploration Exp. + G&A + Royalties + Finance Cost) / Sales Volume Net Debt to Equity Net debt / Shareholders' equity
($/BOE)
Total Debt to Total debt / (Total debt + Shareholders' equity)
Unit Cost (Operating Exp. + Exploration Exp. + G&A + Royalties + Finance Cost + DD&A) / Sales Capital
($/BOE) Volume
Total Debt to Total debt / Trailing-12-month EBITDA
Reserves 5-Yr Additional Proved Reserves / 5-Yr Production Volume EBITDA
Replacement Ratio
Net Debt to Net debt / Trailing-12-month EBITDA
Reserves Life Index Proved Reserves / Production Volume EBITDA
(Year)
EBITDA Interest Trailing-12-month EBITDA / Trailing-12-month Interest Expenses & Amortization of
Success Ratio Number of wells with petroleum discovery / Total number of exploration and appraisal wells Coverage Ratio Bond Issuing Cost
Sales Revenue Sales + Revenue from pipeline transportation
EBITDA (Sales + Revenue from pipeline transportation) - (Operating expenses + Exploration expenses
+ Administrative expenses + Petroleum royalties and remuneration + Management's
remuneration)
EBITDA Margin EBITDA / Sales Revenue
Return on Equity Trailing-12-month net income / Average shareholders' equity between the beginning and the
end of the 12-month period
Return on Capital (Trailing-12-month net income + Trailing-12-month Interest Expenses & Amortization of
Employed Bond Issuing Cost) / (Average shareholders' equity and average total debt between the
beginning and the end of the 12-month period)
Simple Effective Income tax expenses / Income before income taxes
Tax Rate
Total debt Short-term loans from financial institution + Current portion of long-term debts + Bonds +
Long-term loans from financial institution
45