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    3.1 Hypochloremia Hyperchloremia

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    Chezer Kieth
    Chloride is an extracellular anion that helps regulate blood pressure and serum osmolarity. Normal serum chloride levels are 96-106 mEq/L. Imbalances in chloride, such as hypochloremia and hyperchloremia, can occur due to conditions like vomiting, diarrhea, or metabolic acidosis. Symptoms of hypochloremia include muscle weakness and tetany, while hyperchloremia causes respiratory issues and impaired cognition. Treatment focuses on replacing fluids and electrolytes, monitoring serum levels, and correcting the underlying cause.

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    3.1 Hypochloremia Hyperchloremia

    Uploaded by

    Chezer Kieth
    29 views3 pages
    Chloride is an extracellular anion that helps regulate blood pressure and serum osmolarity. Normal serum chloride levels are 96-106 mEq/L. Imbalances in chloride, such as hypochloremia and hyperchloremia, can occur due to conditions like vomiting, diarrhea, or metabolic acidosis. Symptoms of hypochloremia include muscle weakness and tetany, while hyperchloremia causes respiratory issues and impaired cognition. Treatment focuses on replacing fluids and electrolytes, monitoring serum levels, and correcting the underlying cause.

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    HYPOCHLOREMIA

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    3.1_HYPOCHLOREMIA___HYPERCHLOREMIA.doc

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    Chloride is an extracellular anion that helps regulate blood pressure and serum osmolarity. Normal serum chloride levels are 96-106 mEq/L. Imbalances in chloride, such as hypochloremia and hyperchloremia, can occur due to conditions like vomiting, diarrhea, or metabolic acidosis. Symptoms of hypochloremia include muscle weakness and tetany, while hyperchloremia causes respiratory issues and impaired cognition. Treatment focuses on replacing fluids and electrolytes, monitoring serum levels, and correcting the underlying cause.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views3 pages

    3.1 Hypochloremia Hyperchloremia

    Uploaded by

    Chezer Kieth
    Chloride is an extracellular anion that helps regulate blood pressure and serum osmolarity. Normal serum chloride levels are 96-106 mEq/L. Imbalances in chloride, such as hypochloremia and hyperchloremia, can occur due to conditions like vomiting, diarrhea, or metabolic acidosis. Symptoms of hypochloremia include muscle weakness and tetany, while hyperchloremia causes respiratory issues and impaired cognition. Treatment focuses on replacing fluids and electrolytes, monitoring serum levels, and correcting the underlying cause.

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    of 3

    Fluids and Electrolytes

    CHLORIDE

    Cl – extracellular anion,

    Nornal serum levels = 96-106 mEq/L

    binds with Na, H (also K, Ca, etc)

    Most abundant anion in ECF

    exchanges with HCO3 in the kidneys & in RBC

    Cl- is roduces in the stomach as HCl acid

    -
    FUNCTIONS

    helps regulate BP, serum osmolarity

    Helps balance Na

    Acid/base balance (exchanges with HCO3)

    Major component of gastric secretions

    Na & Cl assist in determining osmotic pressure

    Works with Na+ to maintain serum osmolality.

    Maintains the balance of anions in the ICF and ECF

    Sources

    salt, canned food, cheese, milk, eggs, crab, olives

    IMBALANCES IN CHLORIDE

    1. HYPOCHLOREMIA

    CAUSES:

    Excessive losses through the GI system- vomiting, diarrhea

    nasogastric suctioning & irrigation

    Diuresis

    Metabolic alkalosis

    Hyponatremia, prolonged D5W IV

    Excessive water within the body

    over infusion of hypotonic solution

    excessive water intake

    SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:



    hypoNa, hypoK, metabolic alkalosis

    Hyperactivity of muscles,tetany,weakness,dysrhythmias

    Far Eastern University


    Institute of Nursing

    This study source was downloaded by 100000856977705 from CourseHero.com on 11-13-2022 02:34:26 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/68793154/31-HYPOCHLOREMIA-HYPERCHLOREMIAdoc/
    Fluids and Electrolytes
    NURSING DIAGNOSIS
    Fluid volume excess /
    deficit High risk for injury
    Impaired physical mobility

    MANAGEMENT:
    1. replace fluids as ordered
    2. replace electrolytes
    3. monitor serum electrolytes
    4. increase patient's cl- intake
    5. Assess for SZ
    6. MIO
    7. VS
    8. ABG
    9. Meds ( KCl or NaCl )

    DIET: high chloride food

    2. HYPERCHLOREMIA

    CAUSES:

    Metabolic acidosis (terminal cancer, starvation)

    Usually noted in hyperNa, hyperK and loss of bicarbonate

    Dehydration

    SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:



    Deep, rapid respirations, weakness, lethargy

    hyperK, hyperNa

    Diminished cognitive ability, hypertension

    NURSING DIAGNOSIS
    Fluid volume excess /
    deficit High risk for injury
    Impaired physical mobility
    Self care deficit

    NURSING MANAGEMENT:

    Identify patient at risk

    Treat acidosis

    Diuretics monitor V/S, M

    Measure I/O

    Far Eastern University


    This study source was downloaded by 100000856977705 from CourseHero.com on 11-13-2022 02:34:26 GMT -06:00
    Institute of Nursing
    https://www.coursehero.com/file/68793154/31-HYPOCHLOREMIA-HYPERCHLOREMIAdoc/
    Fluids and Electrolytes

    Hypotonic solutions, D5W to restore balance

    Monitor serum electrolytes

    Monitor ingestion of Cl- from sources

    MIO, VS, ABG

    Advise to avoid salt

    Meds : NaHCO3

    Correct DHN

    Diet: low Cl (& usually Na)

    Far Eastern University


    Institute of Nursing

    This study source was downloaded by 100000856977705 from CourseHero.com on 11-13-2022 02:34:26 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/68793154/31-HYPOCHLOREMIA-HYPERCHLOREMIAdoc/
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