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    Chem

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    Hanna Galati
    The document discusses molecular geometry and the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory. It provides the following key points: 1) VSEPR theory states that electron pairs around a central atom arrange themselves as far apart from each other as possible to minimize repulsion. This prediction the molecular geometry. 2) There are several common molecular geometries including linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral based on the number of electron pairs. 3) To determine molecular geometry, one draws the Lewis structure, counts electron groups, names the electron group geometry, and determines the positions of other atoms to identify the molecular geometry based on any lone

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    Chem

    Uploaded by

    Hanna Galati
    19 views4 pages
    The document discusses molecular geometry and the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory. It provides the following key points: 1) VSEPR theory states that electron pairs around a central atom arrange themselves as far apart from each other as possible to minimize repulsion. This prediction the molecular geometry. 2) There are several common molecular geometries including linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral based on the number of electron pairs. 3) To determine molecular geometry, one draws the Lewis structure, counts electron groups, names the electron group geometry, and determines the positions of other atoms to identify the molecular geometry based on any lone

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    The document discusses molecular geometry and the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory. It provides the following key points: 1) VSEPR theory states that electron pairs around a central atom arrange themselves as far apart from each other as possible to minimize repulsion. This prediction the molecular geometry. 2) There are several common molecular geometries including linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral based on the number of electron pairs. 3) To determine molecular geometry, one draws the Lewis structure, counts electron groups, names the electron group geometry, and determines the positions of other atoms to identify the molecular geometry based on any lone

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    19 views4 pages

    Chem

    Uploaded by

    Hanna Galati
    The document discusses molecular geometry and the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory. It provides the following key points: 1) VSEPR theory states that electron pairs around a central atom arrange themselves as far apart from each other as possible to minimize repulsion. This prediction the molecular geometry. 2) There are several common molecular geometries including linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral based on the number of electron pairs. 3) To determine molecular geometry, one draws the Lewis structure, counts electron groups, names the electron group geometry, and determines the positions of other atoms to identify the molecular geometry based on any lone

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    MOLECULAR GEOMETRY geometry about the central atom and adding atoms Steps Used to Find the Shape

    Steps Used to Find the Shape of the Molecule


    to some or all of the electron pairs. This model To sum up there are four simple steps to apply the
    Molecular geometry is the 3-dimensional shape
    produces good agreement with experimental VSEPR theory.
    that a molecule occupies in space. It is determined
    determinations for simple molecules. With this
    by the central atom and the surrounding atoms and  Draw the Lewis Structure.
    model in mind, the molecular geometry can be
    electron pairs. The shape of most molecules can be
    determined in a systematic way. Molecules can  Count the number of electron groups and
    predicted using the Valence Shell Electron Pair
    then be divided into two groups: Group 1: identify them as bond pairs of electron
    Repulsion (VSEPR) method. This method states a
    Molecules with NO lone electron pairs. In this case groups or lone pairs of electrons.
    few rules to help one determine the shape of a
    the molecular geometry is identical to the electron Remember electron groups include not only
    substance without using high technology methods
    pair geometry. Group 2: Molecules with one or bonds, but also lone pairs!
    such as X-ray crystallography, NMR Spectroscopy,
    more lone electron pairs. In this case an extra step
    or electron microscopy. Some of the most common  Name the electron-group geometry. (State
    is needed to to translate from electron pair
    shapes that can be taken are linear, trigonal planar, whether it is linear, trigonal-planar,
    geometry to the final molecular geometry, since
    tetrahedral, pyramidal, and angular (or bent). tetrahedral, trigonal-bipyramidal, or
    only the positions of bonded atoms are considered
    in molecular geometry. octahedral.)
    Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR)
    theory Electron pairs around a central atom arrange  Looking at the positions of other atomic
    The VSEPR theory says that:
    themselves so that they can be as far apart as nuclei around the central determine the
    possible from each other. The valence shell is the  1) The electron pairs and atoms around a molecular geometry. (See how many lone
    outermost electron-occupied shell of an atom that central atom will give a molecule its shape. pairs there are
    holds the electrons involved in bonding. In a
     2) Electron pairs around a central atom in a
    covalent bond, a pair of electrons is shared
    molecule will attempt to be as far away
    between two atoms. In a polyatomic molecule,
    from each other as possible.
    several atoms are bonded to a central atom using
    two or more electron pairs.   3) Lone pairs around the central atom will
    have an effect on the shape of the entire
    The repulsion between negatively charged electron
    molecule, just like an atom would.
    pairs in bonds or as lone pairs causes them to
    spread apart as much as possible. The idea of  4) Lone pairs of electrons repel each other
    "electron pair repulsion can be demonstrated by more strongly than a lone pair and a shared
    tying several inflated balloons together at their pair, which in turn repel each other more
    necks. Each balloon represents an electron pair. The than two shared pairs (or bonds between
    balloons will try to minimize the crowding and will the central atom and another atom).
    spread as far apart as possible.

    According to VSEPR theory, molecular geometry


    can be predicted by starting with the electron pair
    LINEAR   TETRAHEDRAL TETRAHEDRAL-TRIGONAL PYRAMID

     Linear molecule is a molecule in which  In a tetrahedral molecular geometry, a


    atoms are deployed in a straight line (under central atom is located at the center with  Trigonal pyramidal is a molecular shape
    180° angle). four substituents that are located at the that results when there are three bonds
    corners of a tetrahedron. and one lone pair on the central atom in
     CO2
    the molecule
     CCl4
     BeH2
     NH3
     NH4
     BeCl2
     SO3
     CH4

    TETRAHEDRAL-BENT OR ANGULAR
    TRIGONAL PLANAR
     this geometry is almost always consistent
     In chemistry, trigonal planar is a molecular
    with VSEPR theory, which usually explains
    geometry model with one atom at the
    non-collinearity of atoms with a presence
    center and three atoms at the corners of
    of lone pairs. There are several variants of
    an equilateral triangle, called peripheral
    bending, where the most common is
    atoms, all in one plane.[1] In an ideal trigonal
    AX2E2 where two covalent bonds and two
    planar species, all three ligands are
    lone pairs of the central atom (A) form a
    identical and all bond angles are 120°.
    complete 8-electron shell
     AlBr3
     H2O
    TRIGONAL BIPYRAMIDAL-
     BH3
     O3  OZONE
     Trigonal bipyramidal (trigonal bipyramidal
     CO3
    shape) is a molecular geometry that results
    when there are five bonds and no lone pairs
    on the central atom in the molecule.
    Trigonal planar  -bent
     PCl5
     2 bonds and 1 lone pair

     Example

     So2

     No2
    TRIGONAL BIPYRAMIFAL-SEESAW TRIGONAL BIPYRAMIDAL-LINEAR OCTAHEDEDRAL SQUARE PYRAMIDAL

     It occurs when a molecule has a steric  2 BONDS AND 3 LONE PAIRS  Square pyramidal is a molecular shape that
    number of 5, with the central atom being results when there are five bonds and one
     EX
    bonded to 4 other atoms and 1 lone pair lone pair on the central atom in the
     I3 molecule. 
     SF4
     BrF5
     SeF4

    TRIGONAL BYPIRAMYDAL  T-SHAPED OCTAHEDRAL


    OCTAHEDRAL-SQUARE PLANAR
     T-shape is a molecular geometry that  Octahedral molecular geometry (square
    results when there are 3 bonds and 2 lone  Square pyramidal is a molecular shape that
    bipyramidal shape) describes the shape of
    pairs around the central atom in the results when there are five bonds and one
    compounds where six atoms or ligands are
    molecule. The atoms bonded to the central lone pair on the central atom in the
    symmetrically arranged around a central
    atom lie at the ends of a T with 90° angles molecule. 
    atom.
    between them.
     XeF4
     SF6
     NF3

     ICl3

     ClF3

            

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