Reviewer
Reviewer
Reviewer
Authors
What are the laws of exponents and how are
This reviewer is organized for they applied?
Grade 11 STEM students of the
University of San Carlos by the How to factor out and simplify algebraic
following Math 02 instructors: expressions?
C. Baraca, J. Calima, B. Hayag,
and J. Langcauon. How to apply the midpoint and distance
formulas?
What You Learned
LAWS OF EXPONENTS. Recall that exponents are
sometimes referred to as powers or indices. An
Time Allotment exponent tells us how many times a number will be
Half a session (45 mins) used in a multiplication. A number written in
exponential form will have different components as
Where Am I?
shown on the right. Below are eight laws of
Use this list to check exponents.
the activities you have
accomplished. The Product Rule. When multiplying two 𝑎𝑛 ∗ 𝑎𝑚 = 𝑎𝑛+𝑚
powers with like bases, add their exponents.
Required Activities
Dealing with The Quotient Rule. When dividing two 𝑎𝑛
Exponents
powers with like bases, subtract their exponents. 𝑚
= 𝑎𝑛−𝑚
Not So Simple! 𝑎
Study Tip
Laws of Exponent The Power of a Product. Find the power of (𝑎𝑏)𝑚 = 𝑎𝑚 𝑏 𝑚
each factor in the parenthesis then multiply.
Substituting real
numbers to the
variables and The Power of a Quotient. Find the power of 𝑎 𝑚 𝑎𝑚
following the the numerator and the denominator then ( ) = 𝑚
𝑏 𝑏
operation may make divide the result.
sense more to you.
1
(b) = 43 = 64
4 −3
= 4(𝑥 32 )𝑦 2 𝑥 2 𝑦 2
= 4𝑥 6 𝑦 2 𝑥 2 𝑦 2
= 4 (𝑥 6 𝑥 2 ) (𝑦 2 𝑦 2 )
= 4 (𝑥 6+2 ) (𝑦 2+2 )
= 4 (𝑥 8 ) (𝑦 4 )
= 4𝑥 8 𝑦 4
Study Tip Activity 1: Dealing With Exponents
Remember PEMDAS: Provide the required information by making use of the examples in the
always simplify
discussion above as a guide. Solutions are required for these tasks.
quantities inside
Parentheses first,
Task 1. Perform the indicated operations:
followed by
Exponents, and the 1. 3 + 4 − 6 ∗ 8 ÷ 3 = ________________
process of
Multiplication or 2. 42 + 8 ÷ 2 − 6 ∗ 2 = ________________
Division comes before
Addition or
Task 2. Evaluate (Simplify) by applying the appropriate law of exponents:
Subtraction.
3. 𝑥 5 𝑥 2 7. (𝑥 5 )2
𝑥5 𝑥5
2
4. 8. (𝑦5 )
𝑥2
5. (𝑥 5 𝑦 5 )2 9. (4𝑥 5 𝑦 5 )2
3 −2
𝑥 3 𝑦 4 𝑧 −6 𝑥 3𝑦0𝑧 2
6. ( 𝑥 2 𝑦 −2
) 10. ( 𝑥 2 𝑧 −6 )
3
4
13. Is √𝑥 3 equivalent to 𝑥 4 ? Explain your answer.
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What You Learned
(a) 3𝑥 − 12 = 3(𝑥 − 4)
(b) 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 = 𝑥𝑦 2 (𝑥 − 3)
Additionally,
Example 4 ǀ Sum And Difference Of Two Cubes
your final
answers must (g) 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 )
NOT be (h) 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 )
factorable.
(i) 𝑥 3 − 64 = (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 16)
Reflection Activity 2: Not So Simple!
How will you check Provide the required information by making use of the examples in the
that the factors you discussion above as a guide. Solutions are required for these tasks.
come up with are
the correct factors Task 1. Factor out the following expressions by applying the appropriate techniques:
of the given
expression? 1. 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 8
2. 5𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + 15𝑥 3 𝑦 2
3. 25 − 𝑥 2
4. 2𝑦 2 − 16𝑦 + 32
5. 𝑥 3 − 8
Where Am I?
Use this list to check
the activities you have
accomplished.
Required Activities
Lotso Thinking!
Find Your Middle
I Can Know The
Distance
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Task 2.
Give two points that are √29 units apart.
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1 3 1 1
3. (3 , 4) and (− 4 , 2)
Solution. Use the correct formula and make the corresponding substitution:
Think Time
From what you did
in the previous
section, is there any
way for you to
verify your answer
without solving?
Is it advisable to Solution. Use the correct formula and make the corresponding substitution:
have an alternative
method when the
original method
does not work?
Let’s Connect
If you wish to consult with
your Math02 instructor
regarding your progress and
also to receive real-time
feedback, you may enter your
virtual classroom on Google
Meet on your scheduled class 8
hours.
Thus, the distance between the two points is 3 units.
Solution. Use the distance formula to determine the distance of each of these
points from P(-1, 3):
. . . continuation of Example 8
2√3 √5 2√3 √5
4. ( , 4) and (− , 2)
5 5
Task 2. Answer the following questions as best you can:
5. What is the shortest distance between the center of the circle and the line
tangent to the circle?
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6. How do you find the shortest distance between a noncollinear point and a
line?
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