Topic No. 3 Perform Computer Operations
Topic No. 3 Perform Computer Operations
Topic No. 3 Perform Computer Operations
3
PERFORM COMPUTER OPERATIONS
1. Main types of computers and basic features of
different operating systems
2. Main parts of computer
3. Storage devices and basic category of memory
4. Appropriate hardware and software appropriate to
the practice of bookkeeping
a. program/application
5. Process in date input and output
6. Use basic functions of a www.browser to locate
information
7. Maintenance of computer equipment and systems
1. Main Types of Computers and Basic
Features of Different Operating System
● SUPERCOMPUTER
● MAINFRAME COMPUTER
● MINICOMPUTER
Supercomputer
Any of a class of extremely powerful computers. The term is commonly applied to the
fastest high-performance systems available at any given time. Such computers have been
used primarily for scientific and engineering work requiring exceedingly high-speed
computations.
1. Main Types of Computers and Basic
Features of Different Operating System
Mainframe Computer
Informally called a mainframe or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large
organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as
censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and
large-scale transaction processing.
1. Main Types of Computers and Basic
Features of Different Operating System
Minicomputer
computer that was smaller, less expensive, and less powerful than a mainframe or
supercomputer but more expensive and more powerful than a personal computer.
Minicomputers were used for scientific and engineering computations, business
transaction processing, file handling, and database management.
1. Main Types of Computers and Basic
Features of Different Operating System
BASIC FEATURES OF
DIFFERENT OPERATING
SYSTEM
1. Main Types of Computers and Basic
Features of Different Operating System
What is an Operating System?
- It is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the computer’s
memory and processes, as well as all of its software and hardware. It also allows you
to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer’s
language. Without an operating system, a computer is useless.
1. Main Types of Computers and Basic
Features of Different Operating System
FEATURES OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM
1. Main Types of Computers and Basic
Features of Different Operating System
File Management
It is the process of administering a system that correctly handles digital data. Therefore,
an effective file management system improves the overall function of a business
workflow. It also organizes important data and provides a searchable database for quick
retrieval.
1. Main Types of Computers and Basic
Features of Different Operating System
Process Management
It involves various tasks like creation, scheduling, termination of processes, and a dead
lock. Process is a program that is under execution, which is an important part of
modern-day operating systems. The OS must allocate resources that enable processes
to share and exchange information.
1. Main Types of Computers and Basic
Features of Different Operating System
Security Management
The security management function of an operating system helps in implementing
mechanisms that secure and protect the computer system internally as well as
externally. Therefore an operating system is responsible for securing the system at two
different levels which are internal security and external security.
1. Main Types of Computers and Basic
Features of Different Operating System
Secondary Storage Management
It is the nonvolatile repository for (both user and system) data and programs. As
(integral or separate) part of an operating system, the file system manages this
information on secondary storage.
1. Main Types of Computers and Basic
Features of Different Operating System
I/O Device Management
I/O Requests are managed by Device Drivers in collaboration with some system
programs inside the I/O device. The requests are served by OS using three simple
segments : I/O Traffic Controller : Keeps track of the status of all devices, control units,
and communication channels.
1. Main Types of Computers and Basic
Features of Different Operating System
Network Management
It is defined as the process of orchestrating network traffic and data flow across the
enterprise ecosystem using network monitoring, network security, network automation,
and other tools either hosted on-premise or on the cloud.
2. Parts of a Computer
By: Fe Manuel
2. Parts of a Computer
1. The Computer Case
- This is the part that holds all of the parts of a computer to
make up the computer system.
- It comes with its own cooling fan. This helps all the internal
components to stay cool when the power supply is
subjected to bigger loads.
2. Parts of a Computer
10. Monitor
- is an output device used to visualize the graphics
data sent from the computer’s GPU.
13. Printer
- can take an image sent by a computer and deliver it
onto a sheet of paper.
14. Scanner
- can take anything on paper and scan it to produce a
replicated digital image.
15. Speakers
- can connect up to the sound card at the rear of the
computer.
3. Storage Devices and Basic Categories of Memory
- A storage device may also be known as a storage medium or storage media depending
on whether it is seen as discrete in nature (for example, “a hard drive” versus “some
hard drive space.”)
3. Storage Devices and Basic Categories of Memory
Benefits:
1. Capable of holding vast amounts of
data at affordable prices
2. Fast read and write speeds
3. Reliable technology
4. Relatively small in size
3. Storage Devices and Basic Categories of Memory
Solid State Drive(HDD)
Solid state drives are non-volatile storage devices
capable of holding large amounts of data.
Benefits :
- Directly accessible to the CPU, making processing data faster
- Fast solid state storage, making processing data faster
3. Storage Devices and Basic Categories of Memory
Static RAM (SRAM)
• Data on SRAM does not require refreshing.
• However, the technology is bulkier meaning less memory per chip.
• More expensive than DRAM
• Much faster than DRAM
• Consumes less power
• Commonly used in cache memory
Benefits of DVD-RAM:
- Read and write at the same time.
- Has write-protect tabs to prevent accidental deletion when used in an optional cartridge.
- Data is retained for an estimated 30 years. This long life is great for archiving data.
- Reliable writing of discs because the verification done by the hardware, not by software.
3. Storage Devices and Basic Categories of Memory
ROM
This is a non-volatile memory chip whose
contents cannot be altered.
It is often used to store the start up routines in a
computer (e.g. the BIOS).
such as; the case, central processing unit (CPU), random access memory
(RAM), monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound
card, speakers and motherboard.
4. Appropriate hardware and software appropriate to the practice of
bookkeeping
( program/application )
1. Input Device
Any instruction or data entered into the computer is known as the input, same as the
devices we used to input data in computer are called Input devices. Too many
techniques are used to enter data into any computer system.
2. Output Device
When the data has been processed into a useful form is called output, the same as the
devices are used to process the data from the computer are called Output devices.
3. Storage Devices
The devices used by a computer user to store any type of digital data are called storage
devices. Most of the time you don’t have to purchase a storage device while purchasing a
laptop or computer Because the manufacturers already attached an HDD or SSD with the
CPU of your system.
● Examples of Storage devices: HDD (hard disk drive), optical discs, flash drive,
memory card, Cloud storage, pen drive, etc.
4. Appropriate hardware and software appropriate to the practice of
bookkeeping
( program/application )
4. Internal Components
Internal components are those devices that are present in the central processing unit.
● Examples are: Control unit, memory unit, and Arithmetic logic unit.
4. Appropriate hardware and software appropriate to the practice of
bookkeeping
( program/application )
- An operating system or OS is a software program that deals with the functioning of the
computer and its peripherals. It is the core software component of your computer. It is an
interface between your computer and outside the world.
Examples:
DOS, UNIX, Microsoft Windows OS, Apple IOS and Apple macOS, Google Android OS, and
Linux Operating software (these are examples of leading Operating software in the World)
4. Appropriate hardware and software appropriate to the practice of
bookkeeping
( program/application )
2. UTILITY SOFTWARE
- Utility programs are mainly intended as a helping aid and is provided by the computer
manufacturer. These programs are also known as service programs. Such programs
are available for call up by the operating system. It performs a specific task, usually
related to managing a computer, its devices, or programs. It helps to manage the
computer hardware and application software.
Examples:
File manager, disk cleaner, uninstaller, screen saver, file compression, virus scanner, and
disk defragment
4. Appropriate hardware and software appropriate to the practice of
bookkeeping
( program/application )
3. APPLICATION SOFTWARE
- is the main type of computer software. This software is used to edit text, graphics, and
utilizes the capabilities of a computer for the completion of tasks.
- It facilitates communication tools.
Examples:
Examples:
JAVA, PHP, Notepad++, Visual Studio, Flosum, and UltraEdit are some examples of
programming software.
5. Process in Data input and Output
- Data processing starts with data in its raw form and converts it into a more readable
format (graphs, documents, etc.), giving it the form and context necessary to be
interpreted by computers and utilized by employees throughout an organization.
5. Process in Data Input and Output
1. Data Collection
Collecting data is the first step in data processing. Data is pulled from available sources,
including data lakes and data warehouses. It is important that the data sources available
are trustworthy and well-built so the data collected (and later used as information) is of
the highest possible quality.
5. Process in Data input and Output
2. Data Preparation
Once the data is collected, it then enters the data preparation stage. Data preparation,
often referred to as “pre-processing” is the stage at which raw data is cleaned up and
organized for the following stage of data processing. During preparation, raw data is
diligently checked for any errors. The purpose of this step is to eliminate bad data
(redundant, incomplete, or incorrect data) and begin to create high-quality data for the
best business intelligence.
5. Process in Data input and Output
3. Data Input
The clean data is then entered into its destination (perhaps a CRM like Salesforce or a data
warehouse like Redshift), and translated into a language that it can understand. Data input is
the first stage in which raw data begins to take the form of usable information.
4. Processing
During this stage, the data inputted to the computer in the previous stage is actually
processed for interpretation. Processing is done using machine learning algorithms, though
the process
5. Process in Data input and Output
5. Data Output/Interpretation
The output/interpretation stage is the stage at which data is finally usable to non-data
scientists. It is translated, readable, and often in the form of graphs, videos, images, plain
text, etc.). Members of the company or institution can now begin to self-serve the data for
their own data analytics projects.
5. Process in Data input and Output
6. Data Storage
The final stage of data processing is storage. After all of the data is processed, it is then
stored for future use. While some information may be put to use immediately, much of it
will serve a purpose later on. Plus, properly stored data is a necessity for compliance with
data protection legislation like GDPR. When data is properly stored, it can be quickly and
easily accessed by members of the organization when needed.
6.THE BASIC FUNCTION OF WWW. BROWSER
Search Engine
● find information using keyword or phrases
● when a URL is entered in the search engine,
the web browser take us to that website
6.THE BASIC FUNCTION OF WWW. BROWSER
RELEVANT LINKS
BOOKMARKS
16. Move similar files into folders 21. Avoid overheating your device
17. Delete unused programs 22. Keep your cords organized
18. Clear out the Recycling Bin 23. Don’t overcharge your device
19. Remove temporary internet files 24. Keep food and drinks away
20. Transfer files to the cloud 25. Avoid spam while browsing