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INTRODUCTION
1.1. General
Though technology is developing rapidly and vast day by day, the basic and fundamental needs which are
required by human have not changed. In the today’s world scenario, the construction industry has a great
demand as the construction industry has become a fundamental part of a country’s framework and
mechanical growth and development. As the tall building, multidewelling are rising throughout the world
day by day with the advance construction technology and computer skilled knowledge such as applying
various software, but still fail in efficient and effective project management. The project management is an
art and mission of preparing, organising and directing human effort to control the forces and use the
materials of nature for the requirement of human growth. Planning is what to do, how to do, where to do, the
approximate resource required and number of days to complete particular task in construction project. This
project ensures a study on a G+7 residential building, where analysis has been done using primavera
software p6. An efficient and effective planning and scheduling using primavera software helps to effective
control and monitor the progress of work by surveying and reconstructing under a few changes so that the
work runs hand in hand with the estimated time and budget. The necessity of planning is to allow predicting
the activities and resources that are critical for in time completion of the project. The main intension of
planning is to ensure all activities and resource are managed and the project is delivered both “on time” and
“within budget”.
Scheduling is the process of determining the sequential order of the planned activities, assigning realistic
durations to each activity and determining the start and finish dates of each activity. The project schedule
provides a graphical representation of predicted task, milestone, dependencies, resources requirement, task
duration and deadlines.
PLANNING AND SCHEDULING OF RESIDENTIAL (G+7) BUILDING USING
PRIMAVERA SOFTWARE
Aim:-
To understand the planning and scheduling of a High Rise buildings and schedule the list of
the planned activities using computer applications.
Objectives:-
To suggest the importance and purpose of monitoring the construction work.
To suggest guidelines to contractors for updating the project.
To present an ideal schedule for the construction process.
To suggest a layout for updating the schedule.
Earned value analysis and tracking for the standard design construction work.
1.5. Primavera
1.5.1. Introduction:
Primavera Systems, Inc. was a private company providing Project Portfolio Management (PPM)
software to help project-intensive organizations identify, prioritize, and select project
investments and plan, manage, and control projects and project portfolios of all sizes. On January
1, 2009 Oracle Corporation took legal ownership of Primavera. Primavera Systems, Inc. was
founded on May 1, 1983 by Joel Koppelman and Dick Faris. It traded as a private company
based in Pennsylvania (USA), developing software for the Project Portfolio Management market.
To help expand its product capabilities, Primavera acquired Eagle Ray Software Systems in
1999, Evolve Technologies (a professional services automation vendor) in 2003, Pro Sight (an IT
portfolio management software vendor) in 2006, and, in the same year, Pert master (a project risk
management software vendor).
Fig. 1.2.1.Primavera
In 2008, Oracle announced it was acquiring Primavera, turning it into the Primavera Global
Business Unit (PGBU).Oracle Corporation announced the release of version 8.3 of Primavera P6
Enterprise Project Portfolio Management. This version was stated to enhance and extend
previous work, improved reporting, and user experience and application integrations. This
version incorporated material from Oracle acquisitions of Skire and Instantis in 2012.
In 2012 Primavera P6 EPPM, upgrade Release 8.2, added capabilities for governance, project-
team participation, and project visibility. In addition, Primavera P6 Analytics Release 2.0 gained
new enterprise-reporting tools and dashboards for monitoring and analyzing performance data,
including geospatial analysis. Organizations could also investigate comparative trends and cause-
and effect in multiple projects with Primavera Contract Management Release as it now includes
the report-writing capabilities of Oracle Business Intelligence Publisher.
What is the project duration? What are the dates when the project will begin and end?
Who will perform what tasks? Determining labour resources and their available work
hours is a key part of building a successful project and also need to plan for downtime
and holidays and determine the regular workweek for various staffing types.
How much will the project cost? What are the costs per resource?
1.6.2. Scheduling
Scheduling is the process of determining the sequential order of the planned activities, assigning
realistic durations to each activity and determining the start and finish dates of each activity.
The project schedule provides a graphical representation of predicted task, milestone,
dependencies, resources requirement, task duration and deadlines. The project schedule should
be detailed to show each WBS to be performed, the name of the person responsible to
completing the task, the start and end date of each task, and the expected duration of the task.
Like the development of each of the project plan components, developing a schedule is an
iterative process.
The Schedule links the scope, work estimates, and deadline into a network of sequential tasks.
‘Assigned time’ versus ‘Achieved time’ of various activities which would have an effect on the
overall period or total project time.
CHAPTER NO 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
T. Subramani (2015) tells about the Primavera P6 software and advantages of Primavera P6
software, he says that Primavera P6 is amazing software which is not only used by project
planners but also by managers, engineers, schedulers. Primavera P6 focusing on the comparison
of construction estimate methods application in usefulness project. Primavera permits users to
generate project templets, which can be kept and used for future project, also Primavera can also
be used to group and view multiple project at the same time.
B.S.K.Reddy(2015) for the purpose of resource optimization and levelling author chooses
primavera p6 software in two on-going construction project in Dubai at UAE. By using
primavera p6 software author concluded that there is 5.65% resource reduction. The main
objective of this paper is to minimize under allocation of resources.
Unmesh. Y. Polekar (2015) says that extensive amounts of time, money, resources are wasted in
a construction industry due to improper planning and scheduling, so proper planning and
scheduling is very essential in construction projects for sinking and scheming delays of the
project. By using Primavera software, one can organize project and recognize potential
problems. Primavera software is used for making project management easier, especially when we
encounter difficulties.
A.Castor (2008) in his studies he compares software’s MSP, Primavera and open workbench
for resource levelling in two real time project as a case study. And the result shows primavera
gives most theoretically unlimited number of criteria as priority rules. And he suggests project
management software’s to incorporate more efficient methods for resource constraints.
Andrew Fernans (2013) authors discussed about the project monitoring process of “Standard
Design Factory”, a four storeyed (G+3) factory building whose construction is in progress at
Cochin, Kerala. A comparison between the planned progress of construction work and actual
progress is performed in this study using project management software Primavera P6.
Regina Mary and Rathinakumar (2015) authors studied the methods that reduce time and cost
constraints and resource management. They took a construction of residential apartment which
is undergoing a time and cost overrun. They concluded that the schedule made by primavera p6,
interconnecting activities properly gives a time difference for the completion of the project of
about 5 months from the base schedule of the project. Schedule made by the combination of the
both techniques shows the result of 7 months prior completion from the base schedule of the
project. This study supports project manager to guide himself to control the constraints in the
planning, execution process and shows the importance of proper allocation of labours of different
categories.
CHAPTER NO 3
METHODOLOGY
Collection of data – A detailed analysis of the materials, man power, machinery, other resources
used, and the sequence of activities (dependent or independent) executed from the beginning of the
construction to its completion.
The methodology adopted to attain the project objective is as below:
Inception of ideas.
Studied the data. On the basis of it, prepared the plan and scheduled manually.
Finally, understood the ease, sufficiency & flexibility that the project management software
offers us.
The following steps are included in the process of scheduling via Primavera:
3.1.Creating EPS
The EPS is a hierarchy used to organize projects, and to associate Organizational level security
with that project structure.
While creating the enterprises project structure, must identify an OBS element, or person
responsible for each node and project within EPS.
A default root node displays in the top left position in the hierarchy. All project listed below it
are the part of same structure. Multi root nodes can also be define to separate various component.
To define root node, click the left arrow key to move an EPS element to top left position in the
hierarchy, and then add the hierarchy of project below this node.
Firstly we had created the EPS of our project i.e. Enterprise Project Structure.
Steps:
1. From the Enterprise column select EPS.
2. Create a new EPS by giving proper name and ID.
3. Go in project select the created EPS and add new project.
4. From the file command select New.
5. There will a dialogue box of select an EPS, select the created EPS.
6. Give a name and an ID to the project.
7. Specify start and must finish date of the project.
8. Select a responsible manager for the project.
9. Assign the rate type of the items.
10. It will ask for project architect, Yes or No if we are only planning then select No option.
Primavera P6 encourages you to create a work breakdown structure (WBS) at the beginning of
the project. This is known as a top down approach. Primavera P6 recognizes the importance of
the project management team keeping their “eye on the ball” throughout the project life cycle.
This means that you maintain a focus on the end product or service, which is the whole purpose
of the project.
The WBS helps you maintain this focus on the product. At its heart the WBS is a deliverable-
oriented decomposition of the project into smaller components. So the WBS focuses on the
deliverables, and it is simply a breakdown of all the components making up the product in a
hierarchical fashion. Primavera P6 has you create the WBS first, so that the activities on the
project schedule flow from the WBS in a top down method, and not the other way around.
Steps:
1. Click on WBS on left side in the directory.
2. Select the project in WBS section.
3. Start adding the WBS namely, Milestone, Engineering, Procurement etc.
4. Go in project, select the project and open it, it will open in activities section.
3.4.Creating Resources
Steps:
1. Select resources option from directory.
2. Start creating resources which will be require for our project.
3. Assign proper resource type i.e. labor, non-labor and materials.
4. Assign default resource calendar and default units/time and price/unit.
5. Start assigning the resources to the activities.
The data which is required for the plan of the project was collected from various sites. The total numbers
of activities that are required for the schedule are listed out. Specifications required for each item or
activity is collected from site to prepare plan and schedule.
A residential building plan has taken for planning and scheduling for the project. The project of this
residential building is at initial phase. Planning and Scheduling of residential building will be beneficial
to the developer of this project. The construction is for a residential purpose having G+7 and the carpet
area of the construction is 910 sq.m. The number of flats on each floor is sixteen with typical floor plan
for each floor except for ground floor. Ground floor includes parking and general shops.
The project will start in the month of May -2018.This actual construction of the residential building will
take a long duration of two year for the completion of the project. The long duration of a single project
will lead to a considerable increase in the cost of the project. Therefore reducing the project completion
time is necessary for completing the project within the budgeted cost and budgeted time. This on time
project completion and on budget completion of project is the two factors which state the project is a
successfully completed. Reason for taking a long duration of this project is identified by means of the
primavera schedule reports.
Actual schedule preparation process starts with the collection of data like project start date, activities
involved in the construction of a G+7 residential building with activities sequences, duration taken for
each and every activities, resources needed for each and every activities and its amount, cost spent for
each and every activities. The collected data are entered in the software and the relations between the
activities are given as per its sequence of activities collected. Project calendars are assigned to individual
activities in the project. The process is started for planning and scheduling in primavera for this project.
Schedule for project is prepared by creating the EPS (Enterprise Project Structure), Calendar with a time
period of 8 working hours per day excluding Sunday’s, WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) and adding
the total number of 710 activities that are required for the project with their original duration. Successors
and predecessor are assigned for all the activities by the use of Gantt chart. Interdependencies of various
activities for simultaneous independent work are assigned.
Budget is prepared for each and every activity by allocating the resources to the activities. Budgeted
project labour, Non labour, Expense, Material and total cost of all the activities are calculated.
Scheduling
Scheduling is the process of determining the sequential order of the planned activities, assigning
realistic durations to each activity and determining the start and finish dates of each activity.
The project schedule provides a graphical representation of predicted task, milestone,
dependencies, resources requirement, task duration and deadlines. The project schedule should
be detailed to show each WBS to be performed, the name of the person responsible to
completing the task, the start and end date of each task, and the expected duration of the task.
Like the development of each of the project plan components, developing a schedule is an
iterative process. Milestone may suggest additional task, task may require additional resources,
and task completion may be measured by additional milestone. For large, complex project,
detailed sub-schedules may be required to show an adequate level of detail for each task.
During the life of the project, actual progress is frequently compared with the original schedule.
This allows for evaluation of development activities. The accuracy of planning process can also
be assessed.
Basic efforts associated with the developing a project schedule including the following:
Define the type of schedule
Define priorities
Documents assumption
The type of schedule associated with project relates the complexity of the implementation. In
project management, a schedule is a listing of a project's milestones, activities, and deliverables,
usually with intended start and finish dates. Those items are often estimated by other information
included in the project schedule of resource allocation, budget, task duration, and linkages of
dependencies and scheduled events. A schedule is commonly used in the project planning and
project portfolio management parts of project management. Elements on a schedule may be
closely related to the work breakdown structure (WBS) terminal elements, the Statement of
work, or a Contract Data Requirements List.
In many industries, such as engineering and construction, the development and maintenance of
the project schedule is the responsibility of a full-time scheduler or team of schedulers,
depending on the size of the project. Though the techniques of scheduling are well developed,
they are inconsistently applied throughout industry. Standardization and promotion of scheduling
best practices are being pursued by the Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering
(AACE), the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the US Government for acquisition and
accounting purposes.
A relationship between activities in which the finish of a successor activity depends on the finish
of its predecessor.
• Start-to-Finish (SF):
A relationship between activities in which a successor activity cannot completeuntil its
predecessor starts.
• Lags (or Leads):
An offset or delay from an activity to its successor. A Lag can be positive or negative (from
Primavera P3).
• Degree:
A positive or negative increment of the unit of time used in the schedule (also known as Lag).
The simplest of these relationships, is one in which one activity must be completed before the
next one can begin. This is known as a Finish-to-Start (FS) relationship. In a simple, theoretical
world, only Finish-to-Start relationships would be necessary.
For example, after footings are complete, structural steel can start and once the structural steel is
complete, then the building envelope can proceed. Finally, when the envelope is complete,
interior finishes can begin. However, this is not the manner in which projects are typically
constructed. More typically, the schedule is developed to a level of detail that permits only FS
relationships, nor is it typically feasible to do this. Scheduling mechanical, electrical, and
plumbing trades (MEP) on an apartment building is typically done with a SS and lag to the next
trade, with the activity defined to a floor or a reasonable number of units. If these trades were
scheduled FS, then the detail would have to be far greater in order to allow the trades to perform
their work within the contractual time, while not performing work in the same place as other
trades. The use of only FS relationships has the potential to increase the number of activities to
unmanageable levels. Lags and Leads may be used to customize the schedule logic. A Lag/Lead
tie permits a scheduler to link activity relationships in a way that approximates the degree to
which one activity must not be finished before another can start or the degree to which an
activity should precede other relationships can be incorporated into the schedule. This means that
the plumbing crew can have a SS relationship to the electrical crew, with a short lag to allow the
electrical crew to follow the plumbing crew shortly after they start, instead of waiting for their
completion. The use of Lag/Lead ties is a common software schedule feature used with various
types of ties; however, caution must be used to avoid mistakes. One such mistake is the creation
of non-overlapping Lags. This happens when a rough schedule is developed or a template is used
where lags exist.
CONCLUSION
Primavera software serves as an effective tool for generating Gantt chart for schedule of
residential building (G+7) construction. Effectively link all the activities involved in the
construction of the project. Primavera gives the total duration required for the construction of
the different phases involved. It determines the Critical Path of the schedule of the project. It
determines the total float generated due to interdependency of activities. It keeps a track of the
scheduled and the on-site construction. The use of project management software in a proper way
reduces the cost and time of construction. Use of software gives a proper scheduled path which
helps in setting a track for all the activities, to check if there is deviation from planned cost and
LoGMIEER, NASHIK Page 40
PLANNING AND SCHEDULING OF RESIDENTIAL (G+7) BUILDING USING
PRIMAVERA SOFTWARE
schedule. It can investigate the defects in the planning, scheduling procedure of the client
organization.
REFERENCES:-
[3] Unmesh. Y. Polekar, Rohit. R. Salgude “Planning, Scheduling and Tracking of a residential
Project using Primavera software” International journal of advance research in computer science
and management studies, ISSN: 2321-7782, Vol. 03, Issue 5, May 2015.
[4] Andrew Fernans,Tom and Sachin Paul. "Project monitoring and control using primavera."
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 2.3
(2013): 762-771.
[5] Regina Mary and V. Rathinakumar (2015), Reducing Construction Constraints using
Primavera, Indian Journal of Science and Technology,8(14), 1-7.