General Chemistry

Lesson 1
Properties refer to the distinguishing characteristics to identify a certain material.

Properties of matter general categories:

1. Physical Property can be measured and observed without changing the composition or identity
of a substance. This property is further classified into intensive and extensive properties.
Intensive properties are those properties that are not dependent on the amount of matter,
rather they are dependent on the kind or quality of matter. Examples are texture, color, odor,
hardness and density, boiling point, electrical conductivity, and solubility. The extensive
properties of matter are those that depend so much on the amount or quantity of matter.
Examples are volume, mass, length, and area.
2. Chemical Property are those that result in a change in the composition, thus a new substance is
produced. Examples are flammability, and reactivity.

Pre-Test Direction: Select the correct answer letter and write on ¼ sheet of paper.

Q1. All matter has physical and chemical properties. Which of these describes a chemical
property?
A. Boiling point C. electrical conductivity B. Flexibility D. reactivity with water

Q2. What property can be observed without changing the composition of the substance?

A. Chemical property C. intensive property B. Extensive property D. physical property

Q3. What property depends upon the amount of substance?

A. Chemical property C. intensive property B. Extensive property D. physical property

Q4. What property can be observed when a substance is reacting with something else?

A. Chemical property C. intensive property B. Extensive property D. physical property

Q5. What characteristic does not depend upon the amount of a substance?

A. Chemical property C. intensive property B. Extensive property D. physical property

Senses that can be used to observe physical properties:

1. Color describes the physical appearance (how it looks) of the substance like a red apple.
2. Texture describes how it feels like smooth, hard, rough.
3. Mass refers to the total quantity of matter present in an object like 100g of meat.
4. Volume is the measure of the amount of space occupied by an object. Volume is a three-
dimensional measure and involves units that have been cubed such as ft3, in3, cm3, m3, etc.
The formulas for calculating the volume of various three-dimensional shapes are:
 Figures Formula
Cube Volume= side x side x side or V=s^3
Rectangular Solid Volume=length x width x height
Cylinder Volume=πr^2h
Sphere Volume=4/3πr^3

Example: A student recorded the following measurements of a rectangular wood: length = 9.3 cm;
Width = 3.2 cm and height 1.3 cm; Mass of the wood is 57.61 g. What is its volume?

V= L x W X H = 9.3 cm x 3.2 cm x1.3 cm =38.688 cm3

5. Electrical Conductivity is a measure of how well electric currents move through a substance.

6. Thermal Conductivity is the rate at which a substance transfers heat. For example, if you make your
coffee in the morning as you stir the coffee with the metal spoon you notice that the spoon gets warm.
The water has a higher temperature than the spoon, thus heat is transferred to the spoon. The spoon
which is metal has the property to conduct heat and this property can be used to identify a metal from
non-metal.

7. Density is the measure of the amount of mass in each amount of volume. It can be calculated using
the formula D= Mass/Volume. Just like water the density of water is 1 g/cc so you can use it to identify it
from other substances. Example: A student recorded the following measurements of a rectangular
wood: length = 9.3 cm; Width = 3.2 cm and height 1.3 cm; Mass of the wood is 57.61 g. What is its
density? D= Mass/Volume = 57.61 g/38.688 cm3 = 1.489 g/cm3.

8. Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance. Example coffee granules
dissolve in water. Their solubility property can be used to separate them from other substances. Like the
mixture of sand and sugar.

9. Malleability is the ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into various shapes like aluminum,
gold, and iron.

10. Magnetic attraction can be observed when a metal attracts another metal. Some substances are
attracted to magnets, but others are not. You can use a magnet to pick up a paper clip but not a wooden
match. The elements iron, cobalt, and nickel are magnetic—meaning they respond to magnets— but
copper, aluminum, and zinc are not. Steel, which contains iron, is also magnetic. Their metallic property
can identify if the substance is a metal or a non-metal.

11. Heating properties like melting point and boiling point of a substance. The melting point is the
temperature at which it changes from solid to liquid just like ice to liquid, its melting point is 1oC. The
boiling point is the point at which the substance boils. Water boils at 100 OC at sea level. You can
separate mixtures through an evaporation process like the salt solution.

Chemical Property describes the ability of a substance to change the chemical composition, thus forming
a new substance.
1. Flammability is the ability of the substance to burn like wood, paper, and the like.

2. Reactivity is the ability of a substance to interact with another substance and form one or more new
substances, just like rusting of an iron nail, when a clean piece of iron reacts with oxygen in moist air
rust is formed and rust is the new product there with a chemical formula of Fe2O3 (iron (III) oxide).

Activity 1: List all the properties/characteristics you observe in jewelry like earrings, rings, necklaces,
bracelets, wristwatches. Sort the properties you listed and identify them as physical or chemical
properties. Use a separate sheet of paper.

Characteristics Physical/ chemical property

1. can conduct heat physical
2. Some jewelry gets rust chemical

3. malleable physical
4. dense physical
Activity 2.

Activity 2. Characteristics Property Can be used to identify a substance. Use a separate sheet of paper.
Your brother handed you a can of soda (coke) with no label. Can you determine if it is regular coke or
diet coke without tasting it? ____Yes____ What will happen if you place a can of regular soda and a can
of diet soda in a tub of water? __sink________

What property would you need to support this explanation? ____________

Ans. I think physical ni sya gais kay diba ang diet na soda is less dense compared to the regular one nya
ang density kay pwede man sya magamit as a characteristic sa physical property.thanks.

Activity 3. Let’s Solve! Different substances have different properties; density is one property that can be
used to identify the substance

Object Mass (g) Volume (mL) Density

Water 150g 150mL 1g/mL
stone 468 g 60 mL 7.8 g/mL
Plastic 55g 58.51mL 0.940 g/mL
wood 110g 154.93 0.71g/mL

Thus: Mass= D x V; Volume= M/D; D=M/V

Activity 4. Let’s Experiment! Use a separate sheet of paper. How would separate a
mixture of sand, salt, and gravel? Identify their properties and the process of separating them. Answer:

Through settling, dissolving, and filtration.

Gauge

1. Which of the following is an example of a chemical property?

A. color C. the ability to rust B. density D. electrical conductivity

2. What are the two chemical properties of matter of an exploding firework?

A. Change of color and ductile C. Flammability and reactive B. Change of color and explosive

D. Flammable and malleable

3. What happens to the density of an object if the size of an object decreases?

A. decreases B. stays the same C. increases D.divides in half

4. What do you call the property of matter which measures the rate at which a substance transfers heat

A. Thermal conductivity C. Electrical conductivity B. Flammability D. malleability

5. What do you call the property that can be observed when a metal attracts another metal?

A. Thermal conductivity C. Electrical conductivity B. Magnetic attraction D. malleability

6. Which of the following property could NOT be used to distinguish table salt and table sugar?

A. Boiling point C. density B. color D. melting point

7. What do you call the property of a substance to interact with another substance and form one or
more new substances?

A. color C. flammability B. conductivity D. reactivity

8. What do you call the property of a substance to dissolve in another substance?

A. density C. solubility B. malleability D. thermal conductivity

9. Which of the following is the best way to get salt from seawater?

A. Evaporation B. Distillation C. Filtration D. Magnetism

10. How could you separate a mixture of sand and iron fillings?

A. Evaporation B. Distillation C. Filtration D. Magnetism

11.. Which of the following is the correct order of getting salt from the mixture of sand and salt?

A. Dissolving in water – filtration-evaporation B. Filtration-dissolving in water – evaporation C.

Evaporation-filtration – dissolving in water

12. 12. Which of the following is an example of a physical property?

A. ability to rust C. flammability B. color D. malleability

13. What is the calculated density of an object with a mass of 6 g and a volume of 3 mL?
A. 0.5 mL B. 0.6 g/mL C. 2 g D. 2 g/mL

14.. What is the calculated volume of an object if the mass is 12 g and density is 3 g/cm3?

A. 3 cm3 B. 4 cm3 C. 5 cm3 D. 6 cm3

15.. What is the calculated volume of an object if the mass is 12 g and density is 3 g/cm3?

A. 3 cm3 B. 4 cm3 C. 5 cm3 D. 6 cm3

Samantha faith martinez