Report Global Food Security

INTRODUCTION
o Post-world war ii, the world saw need for formation of an organization to mange the food crisis and so the food and
agriculture organization ( f.a.o. ) was introduced in the year 1945.
o In 1974, the world health organization (w.h.o.) of the united nation ( u.n. ) along with the fao had a world food summit
due to the global food crisis to finally take charge in managing the crisis and the concept of “food security” was
brought forth.
FOOD SECURITY : DEFINITION

o Food security is a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to
sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”.
(the state of food insecurity in the world 2001)
o Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious
food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.
THE FOUR PILLARS/DIMENSIONS OF FOOD SECURITY

1. AVAILABILITY
Food availability addresses the “supply side” of food security and is determined by the level of food
production, stock levels and net trade. Subsequent food security efforts focused primarily on food production
and storage mechanisms to offset fluctuations in global supply and ensure the ability to import food when
needed.
The first World Food Conference (1974) focused on the problem of global production, trade and stocks. Hence,
the original food security debate focused on adequate supply of food and ensuring stability of these supplies
through food reserves.
2. ACCESS
Concerns about insufficient food access have resulted in a greater policy focus on incomes and expenditure in
achieving food security objectives. This has brought food security closer to the poverty reduction agenda.
From the early 1980’s, the importance of food access was increasingly recognized as a key determinant of
food security. Hence, food production is just one of several means that people have to acquire the food that
they need
3. UTILIZATION
Food utilization has become increasingly prominent in food security discussions since the 1990s. Utilization is
commonly understood as the way the body makes the most of various nutrients in the food. This food security
dimension is determined primarily by people’s health status.
Food security was traditionally perceived as consuming sufficient protein and energy (food quantity). The
importance of micro-nutrients for a balanced and nutritious diet (food quality) is now well appreciated.
4. STABILITY
The phrase “all people, at all times” is integral to the definition of food security, and is key to achieving
national food security objectives.
“All people” - Different people are food secure to varying degrees and will be affected by adverse events
differently.
“All times”- People’s food security situation may change. Adverse weather conditions, political instability, or
economic factors may impact on your food security status.
“At all times”- refers to the stability dimension of food security. It emphasizes the importance of having to
reduce the risk of adverse effects on the other three dimensions: food availability, access or utilization.
DURATION AND SEVERITY OF FOOD INSECURITY DURATION

What is the nature of food insecurity?
DURATION
Inadequate food consumption may vary from a short-term experience to a life long condition.
2 general types of food insecurity:

Chronic food insecurity and Transitory food insecurity
Seasonal food insecurity

-An intermediate type of food insecurity is. It occurs when there is a cyclical pattern of inadequate availability and access to
food. This is associated with seasonal fluctuations in the climate, cropping patterns, work opportunities (labour demand)
and/or prevalence of diseases.
SEVERITY
The most extreme situations, usually associated with substantial loss of life will warrant the description of famine.
*Food security analysts/professionals may use the term acute food insecurity to describe a severe and life-threatening
situation.
https://www.slideshare.net/dvanecoutinho/food-security-60089125
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Report Global Food Security

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Report Global Food Security

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INTRODUCTION

FOOD SECURITY : DEFINITION

THE FOUR PILLARS/DIMENSIONS OF FOOD SECURITY

DURATION AND SEVERITY OF FOOD INSECURITY DURATION

2 general types of food insecurity:

Seasonal food insecurity

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