Chemistry Investigatory Project

CHEMISTRY
INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
Detec
tion
of NAME: D
insect
icides Jayanth
and
pestic
CLASS: XII
ides A
in
fruits ROLL NO:10
and
veget
ables
Aim
To test the presence of
insecticides and pesticides in
fruits and vegetables.
Index
S.NO. CONTENTS
1. Acknowledgement
2. Certificate
3. Introduction
4. Theory
5. Material required
6. Procedure
7. OBSERVATION
8. RESULT
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Acknowledgement
I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to
the Principal, Santosh Kumar sir, Meru International school
for his encouragement and for all the facilities that she
provided for this project work. I sincerely appreciable this
magnanimity by taking her into her fold for which I shall
remain indebted to her. I extend my hearty thanks to
Bhuvaneshwari mam and Sirisha Mam, Chemistry teacher
who guided me to the successful completion of this
project. I take this opportunity to express my deep sense
of gratitude for her invaluable guidance, constant
encouragement, immense motivation which has sustained
my efforts at all the stages of my project work.
I can’t forget to offer my sincere thanks to parents and also
my classmates who helped me to carry out this project work
successful and for their valuable advice and support which I
received from them time to time.
Certificate
This is to certify that the chemistry project titled ”
to test the presence of insecticides and
pesticides in fruits and vegetables ” has been
successfully completed by D Jayanth of class 12 in
partial fulfillment of curriculum of CENTRAL BOARD
OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (CBSE) leading to the
award of annual examination in the year 2022-2023
External examiner
Teacher in-charge
INTRODUCTION
In the past decade there has been a

tremendous increase in the yields of various
crops to meet the demand of overgrowing
population, achieved by using pesticides and
insecticides. These are chemicals that are
sprayed over crop to protect it from pests.
For example, DDT, BHC, zinc phosphide,
Mercuric chloride, dinitrophenol, etc.
All pesticides are poisonous chemicals and
are used in small quantities with care.
Pesticides are proven to be effective
against variety of insects, weeds and fungi
and are respectively called insecticides,
herbicides and fungicides. Most of the
pesticides are non-biodegradable and
remain penetrated as such into plants,
fruits and vegetables. From plants they
transfer to animals, birds and human
beings who eat these polluted fruits and
vegetables. Inside the body they get
accumulated and cause serious health
problems. These days preference is given
to biodegradable insecticides like
malathion. The presence of Insecticides
residues in even raw samples of wheat,
fish, meat, butter etc. have aroused the
concern of agricultural administrators,
scientists and health officials all over the
world to put a check over the use of
insecticides and to search for non-
insecticidal means of pest control.
THEORY
Nitrogen present in organic compounds is detected by

“Lasaigne’’s Test”. The elements present in the
compound are converted from covalent form into the
ionic form by fusing the compound with sodium metal.
Following reaction take place:
Cyanide of sodium so formed on sodium fusion is extracted from the fused

mass by boiling it with distilled water. This extract is known as sodium
fusion extract .
Material required
1) Funnel
2) Glass rod
3) China dish
4) Water bath
5) Tripod
6) Filter paper
7) Fusion tube
8) Knife
9) Test tube
10) Samples- Sodium
11) Ferric chloride
12) Dilute Sulphuric acid
13) Alcohol
14) Distilled Water
15) Ferrous Sulphate crystals
16) Vegetables and fruits cuts
Procedure
1. Take different types of fruits and vegetables and cut them into small pieces
separately
2. Transfer the cut pieces of various fruits and vegetables into it
separately and crush them
3. Take different kinds for each kind of fruits and vegetables and place the
crushed fruits and vegetables in these beakers and add 100 ml of
alcohol to each of these.
4. Stir well and filter.
5. collect the filtrate in separate China dishes, evaporate the alcohol by
heating the China dishes one by one over a water bath and let the
residue dry in the oven.
6. Heat a small piece of sodium in a fusion tube, till it
7. Then add one of the above residues from the China dish to this fusion
tube and heat it till red hot.
8. Drop the hot fusion tube in a China dish containing about 10 ml of
distilled water.
9. Break the tube and boil the contents of the china dish for about 5
minutes.
10. Cool and filter the solution.
11. Collect the filtrate
12. To the filtrate add 1 ml of freshly prepared ferrous sulphate
solution and warm the contents.
13. Then add 2-3 drops of ferric chloride solution and acidify with dilute
HCl.
14. If a blue or green ppt. or coloration is obtained it indicates the
presence of nitrogen containing insecticides.
15. Repeat the test of nitrogen for residues obtained from other
fruits and vegetables and record the observation.
OBSERVATION
Sol no. Name of the fruit Test for presence Test for
or vegetable of nitrogen insecticide or
(Positive or pesticide residue
negative)
1. Apple Positive Yes
2. Orange Positive Yes
3. Potato Positive Yes

4. Tomato Positive Yes
RESULT
It is concluded that from the above observations, that
each fruit or vegetable contains nitrogenous
insecticide or pesticide residues in it.
CONCLUSION
We conclude, from the above

observations, that each fruit or
vegetable contains nitrogenous
insecticide or pesticide residues
in it.
Bibliography
Books
NCERT Chemistry- XII
Websites:
www.google.com
www.icbse.com

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CHEMISTRY

In the past decade there has been a

Nitrogen present in organic compounds is detected by

Following reaction take place:

Cyanide of sodium so formed on sodium fusion is extracted from the fused

2. Orange Positive Yes

3. Potato Positive Yes

We conclude, from the above

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