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    Chapter 4

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    siva sachaphibulkij
    The document discusses heat transfer and drag force calculations for parallel flow over flat plates. It analyzes two cases: air flow over a 2m x 3m plate, and water flow over a 0.1m x 0.1m plate. For each case, it determines the heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer rate, and drag force at surface temperatures of 30°C and 80°C. It then analyzes the location where thermal boundary layers are equal for laminar and turbulent flow over a plate, and the local heat fluxes at that location. Finally, it determines heat transfer and drag calculations for water flow over a 0.2m x 1m plate at velocities of 0.5m/s and 2.5m

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    Chapter 4

    Uploaded by

    siva sachaphibulkij
    145 views36 pages
    The document discusses heat transfer and drag force calculations for parallel flow over flat plates. It analyzes two cases: air flow over a 2m x 3m plate, and water flow over a 0.1m x 0.1m plate. For each case, it determines the heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer rate, and drag force at surface temperatures of 30°C and 80°C. It then analyzes the location where thermal boundary layers are equal for laminar and turbulent flow over a plate, and the local heat fluxes at that location. Finally, it determines heat transfer and drag calculations for water flow over a 0.2m x 1m plate at velocities of 0.5m/s and 2.5m

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    Heat transfer

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    Chapter-4

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    The document discusses heat transfer and drag force calculations for parallel flow over flat plates. It analyzes two cases: air flow over a 2m x 3m plate, and water flow over a 0.1m x 0.1m plate. For each case, it determines the heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer rate, and drag force at surface temperatures of 30°C and 80°C. It then analyzes the location where thermal boundary layers are equal for laminar and turbulent flow over a plate, and the local heat fluxes at that location. Finally, it determines heat transfer and drag calculations for water flow over a 0.2m x 1m plate at velocities of 0.5m/s and 2.5m

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    145 views36 pages

    Chapter 4

    Uploaded by

    siva sachaphibulkij
    The document discusses heat transfer and drag force calculations for parallel flow over flat plates. It analyzes two cases: air flow over a 2m x 3m plate, and water flow over a 0.1m x 0.1m plate. For each case, it determines the heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer rate, and drag force at surface temperatures of 30°C and 80°C. It then analyzes the location where thermal boundary layers are equal for laminar and turbulent flow over a plate, and the local heat fluxes at that location. Finally, it determines heat transfer and drag calculations for water flow over a 0.2m x 1m plate at velocities of 0.5m/s and 2.5m

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 36

    • Consider a flat plate subject to parallel flow (top and bottom)

    characterized by u∞ = 5 m/s, T∞ = 20°C.


    (a) Determine the average convection heat transfer coefficient, convective heat
    transfer rate, and drag force associated with an L = 2-m-long, w = 3-m-wide
    flat plate for airflow and surface temperatures of Ts = 30°C and 80°C.
    (b) Determine the average convection heat transfer coefficient, convective heat
    transfer rate, and drag force associated with an L = 0.1-m-long, w = 0.1-m-
    wide flat plate for water flow and surface temperatures of Ts = 30°C and
    80°C.
    • Known: Flat plate subjected to parallel flow with given fluid velocity and fluid temperature.
    • Found: The average convection heat transfer coefficient, convective heat transfer rate, and drag force.
    • Schematic Diagram:

    • Assumptions:
    1. Steady State Condition
    2. Critical Reynold’s Number is 5 x 10^5
    3. Constant Properties
    Properties:
    Using Table A.4
    at the top at the bottom
    Tf = Ts – Tfluid / 2 = 30 + 20 / 2 = 25C = 298K Tf = 80 + 20 / 2 = 50C = 323K
    Properties:
    Using Table A.4
    at the top at the bottom
    Tf = Ts – Tfluid / 2 = 30 + 20 / 2 = 25C = 298K Tf = 80 + 20 / 2 = 50C = 323K
    Pr = 0.70752 Pr = 0.70378
    p = 1.170732 kg/m3 p = 1.085
    v = 15.712 x 10^-6 v = 18.2038 x 10^-6
    k = 26.14 x 10^-3 k = 28.002 x 10^-3

    Analysis:
    Solve for the Reynold’s Number:
    Re1 = u(L) / v = (5m/s)(2m) / (15.712 x 10^-6) = 6.3646 x 10^5
    Re2 = u(L) / v = (5m/s)(2m) / (18.2038 x 10^-6) = 5.4934 x 10^5

    Solving for the average Nusselt Number using Condition 1


    Nu = (0.037Re^4/5 – 871) Pr^1/3
    Nu = (0.037(6.3646 x 10^5)^4/5 – 871)(0.70752)^1/3 = 674
    Solving for the average convection heat transfer coefficient:
    Nu = hL / k
    h = Nu • k / L = 674 (26.14 x 10^-3) / 2m
    h = 8.810099282 W / m^2 – K
    Comments: For air, with increasing temperature
    Solving for the heat rate: kinematic viscosity increases. Therefore, it is important
    Q = h(Ts – Tfluid) A to carefully account the film temperature in finding the
    thermophysical properties.
    = 8.810099282 (30 – 20) ( 2 x 3)
    Q = 528.6059569 W

    Solving for the Coefficient of Drag, Cd


    Cd = 0.074Re^-1/5 – 1742Re^-1
    = 0.074(6.37x10^5)^1/5 – 1742 (6.37x10^5)^-1
    Cd = 2.37 x 10^-3

    Cd = Fd / ½ (p)(V^2)(A)
    2.37 x 10^-3 = Fd / .5(1.171)(5^2)(2x3)
    Fd = 0.417N
    • Consider two cases involving parallel flow of dry air at V = 1 m/s, T∞ =
    45°C, and atmospheric pressure over an isothermal plate at Ts = 20°C.
    In the first case, Rex,c = 5 × 105 , while in the second case the flow is
    tripled to a turbulent state at x = 0 m. At what x-location are the
    thermal boundary layer thicknesses of the two cases equal? What are
    the local heat fluxes at this location for the two cases?
    • Known: Flat plate subjected to parallel flow with given fluid velocity and fluid temperature. For the first case,
    critical Reynolds number is given and tripled at x = 0m in the second case.
    • Found: The x-location at which thermal boundary layer thicknesses are equal for the two cases. Local heat
    fluxes at this location for the two cases
    • Schematic Diagram:

    • Analysis:
    1. Steady State Condition
    2. Critical Reynold’s Number is 5 x 10^5
    3. Constant Properties
    Properties:
    Using Table A.4
    At Tf = 32.5C = 305.5K
    k = 0.02671 W/m⋅K
    ν = 16.44 × 10^-6 m2/s
    Pr = 0.7062

    Analysis:
    δt = 5x(Re,x^-1/2)(Pr^1/3) - Laminar Flow
    δt = 0.37xRe,x^-0.2 - Turbulent
    5x(Re,x^-1/2)(Pr^1/3) = 0.37xRe,x^-0.2
    Re,x = [ 5 / 0.37 (Pr^1/3) ] ^ 10/3
    Re,x = 8651

    Re = u(x) / v
    X = 8651 (16.44 × 10^-6) / 1 m/s
    X = 0.142m
    Analysis:
    Solving for the Nusselt Number
    Case 1: Q“= 5.16W/m^2-K (45 – 20)
    Nu = 0.332Re^1/2(Pr^1/3) Q”= 129W/m^2
    h = Nu(k) / x
    Q” = 175W/m^2
    h = 0.332(8651)^1/2 (0.7062)^1/3(0.02671)/0.142
    h = 5.16W/m^2-K

    Comments: The heat flux is larger in the


    Case 2:
    turbulent flow compared to the laminar
    Nu = 0.0296Re^4/5)(Pr^1/3) flow.
    h = Nu(k) / x

    h = 0.0296(8651)^4/5(0.7062)^1/3(0.02671)/0.142
    h = 6.99 W/m^2-K

    Solving for the heat flux:


    q” = h(Ts – Tfluid)
    • A flat plate of width 1 m and length 0.2 m is maintained at a
    temperature of 32°C. Ambient fluid at 22°C flows across the top of
    the plate in parallel flow. Determine the average heat transfer
    coefficient, the convection heat transfer rate from the top of the
    plate, and the drag force on the plate for the following:
    (a) The fluid is water flowing at a velocity of 0.5 m/s.
    (b) Water is flowing at a velocity of 2.5 m/s.
    • Known: Dimensions of the flat plate experiencing parallel flow, temperature of the surface and fluid,
    and the fluid velocity.
    • Found: The average heat transfer coefficient, the convection heat transfer rate from the top of the
    plate.
    • Schematic Diagram:

    • Analysis: 1. Steady State Condition


    2. Constant Properties
    3. Critical Reynold’s Number = 5x10^5
    • Properties: Using Table A.4 (page 911)
    • p = 997 Q = h(Ts – Tfluid)(A)
    • v = 857 x 10^-9 = 1252 (32 – 22)(0.2x1)
    Q = 2.51 kW
    • k = 0.613
    • Pr = 5.83
    C = 1.328(1.17x10^5)^-1/2
    C = 3.8824 x 10^-3
    Analysis:
    Solving for the Reynolds number: Fd = CpV^2A/2
    Re = uL / v = (0.5)(0.2) / 857 x 10^-9 Fd = (3.8824)(0.5)^2(.2x1) / 2
    Fd = 0.097 N
    Re = 117 x 10^3 = 1.17x10^5 < 5x10^5 = Laminar Flow

    h = Nuk / L = k/L (0.664(1.17x10^5)^1/2)(5.83)^1/3


    h = 0.613/0.2( 408.7746)
    h = 1252 W/m^2-K

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