Factors Of Reading Difficulty

Reading

Reading is a process that involves recognizing words, leading to the development of

comprehension. According to research, reading is a process that negotiates the meaning
between the text and its reader. 

Reading is both physical and physiological functions such as vision, hearing, and thought are
possible only through the organs of the body. No direct relationship may be said to exist
between reading disability and physical health. However, it is obvious that a child who is ill
is not able to do well in school Physical inadequacies may result in lowered vitality, depletion
of energy, shower physical development and mental retardation.

Factors

A factor is a number that divides another number, leaving no remainder. In other words, if
multiplying two whole numbers gives us a product, then the numbers we are multiplying are
factors of the product because they are divisible by the product.

Introductions

Reading difficulty is a learning disorder that involves significant impairment of reading

accuracy, speed, or comprehension to the extent that the impairment interferes with academic
achievement or activities of daily life. People with reading disorder perform reading tasks
well below the level one would expect on the basis of their general intelligence, educational
opportunities, and physical health. Reading disorder is most commonly called dyslexia.
Dyslexia, however, usually includes deficits in spelling and writing as well as reading.

Definition

Reading is an essential and useful skill in education, knowledge, occupation, and practice,
especially in today's world where information about reading will help us. It can be said that
reading is essential to life because reading is not just cooking, words and commands. The
researcher foresaw that the problems include students being unable to read the significance,
interpret the story, read or analyze the article, and convey the story read for others to
understand.

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Factors affecting reading

1. Factors Affecting Reading

2. Factors Affecting Reading : The Readers

3. Physical & Physiological Development

 physical Health
 Malnutrition
 ILLness
 Hunger

4. Visual defects Refractive Errors

 Myopia or Nearsightedness
 Hyperopia or farsightedness
 Astigmatism Binocular difficulties
 Strabismus
 Aniseikonia

5. Hearing defects

 Conductive Loss occurs when sound is not conducted efficiently through the
outer ear canal to the eardrum and the tiny bones (ossicles) of the middle ear.
Conductive hearing loss usually involves a reduction in sound level or the
ability to hear faint sounds.
 Nerve Loss caused by an impairment of auditory nerve. The child hears the
speech of others but may not understand what he hears

6. Neurological Deviations

 Brain Injury at birth

 Injury to the brain tissue during childhood
 Brain defects (Inherited)
 Dyslexia
 Inadequacy of Brain Functioning

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 7.  Psychosocial Development

•Emotional problems

•Personality development

•Motivation

•Reading Interests

8. Factors Affecting Reading: Text and Content

9. Text Organization and Structure

• Readability

• The Reading Teacher

Factors Affecting Reading Performance

A child’s reading performance is highly affected by her success with five fundamental
literacy skills.

A child’s reading ability can be affected by many factors including background knowledge,
ability, home environment, school experiences and interest level. However, pure reading
performance is most directly linked to a child’s success with five early literacy skills–
phonemic awareness, alphabetic principle, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension. By
understanding and nurturing these five fundamental skills, parents and teachers can better
encourage successful reading performance.

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 1. Phonemic Awareness

Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear and orally manipulate the individual sounds that
make words. This skill is performed entirely with oral, not written, language.

How to fix it:

Students with strong phonemic awareness are better prepared to sound out words while
reading and more likely to become fluent, proficient readers. Phonemic awareness includes
the ability to segment words into individual sounds, blend sounds to produce words,
recognize words with sentences, distinguish syllables and identify and produce rhyming
words. Phonemic awareness can be a difficult task for young students and must be explicitly
taught to early readers.

2. Alphabetic Principle

The alphabetic principle encompasses recognition of letters, an understanding that words are
made from individual letters and the ability to connect sounds with letters in print. Working
with the alphabetic principle means deciphering the alphabetic code of words. Decoding, or
sounding out words, is an essential skill involved with the alphabetic principle. However, the
English alphabet is complex and difficult to master.

How to fix it:

Many letters have more than one possible sound and many sounds have more than one
possible letter. Rigorous practice with identifying letters, connecting sounds to the letters and
utilizing these skills within words encourages a strong grasp of the alphabetic principle.

3. Fluency

Fluency involves the accuracy and speed of a student’s reading. A fluent reader is able to
read text correctly, quickly and with appropriate voice tone.

How to fix it:

Gaining fluency makes reading a more pleasurable and less stressful experience for students.
Fluent readers are usually able to read almost effortlessly. This allows them to concentrate
their efforts on comprehension and vocabulary as opposed to decoding and recognizing
words. For a student to become a proficient reader who gains meaning from text, she must
first become a fluent reader.

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 4. Vocabulary

Vocabulary involves gaining meaning from words while reading. Essentially, a student
cannot comprehend or construct meaning from text without understanding the words within
the passage.

How to fix it:

A child with strong vocabulary knowledge is able to read more fluently and with more
purpose. A child’s vocabulary grows daily through conversation, reading, direct instruction
and life experiences. Reading aloud to children everyday and explicitly teaching selected
words help nurture strong vocabulary knowledge.

5. Comprehension

Comprehension involves constructing meaning from what is being read. Reading truly has no
purpose without comprehension. In order to comprehend text, a reader must actively and
intentionally think about and analyze meaning while reading.

How to fix it:

Good comprehension requires strong abilities in all four of the other fundamental literacy
skills. Students must consider many bits of information while reading to comprehend the text
such as genre, text structure, the author’s purpose and familiar and unfamiliar words. Strong
comprehension encourages self-directed learning and lifelong reading.

6. Dyslexia and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

People with dyslexia or ADHD have difficulty focusing on tasks, including reading. If you
can’t focus, you won’t understand what you read. It’s more of an inability to stay still and
focus long enough to complete a story.

Dyslexia and ADHD lower your attention span, which means you will likely lose focus when
reading for long periods. Don’t force yourself to stay focused. Instead, break the text you’re
reading down into smaller pieces.

It will make reading less overwhelming or frustrating. Practice this every time you read to
improve your reading and comprehension skills. Make sure you preview the material before
diving in.

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How to fix it:

People with ADHD can improve their reading ability with a few tricks. Start by eliminating
distractions when reading. Sign off social media, turn off the TV, and lower the music
volume. Make your study environment a distraction-free zone to help keep you focused.

Always follow along with the text with an object (like your finger) to help guide your eyes
when reading. It will help you prevent occasional stops to reread words or sentences.

7. Difficult text

When you’re reading material with too many unfamiliar words, you’ll focus on decoding the
words instead of understanding. This slows down your reading speed and causes poor reading
comprehension. Many people will give up trying to read when this happens.

How to fix it:

But you can learn to read faster without sacrificing comprehension. Firstly, you must
familiarize yourself with the material. Don’t say the words in your head when reading.
Subvocalization slows down your reading and hurts comprehension.

You can avoid saying the words you’re reading by using your finger to guide your eyes when
reading. Also, you can listen to music to distract yourself or force yourself to read faster than
normal. If you’re having trouble balancing speed reading and comprehension, you should
take our speed reading mastery course.

Iris Reading offers speed reading and memory courses to teach you techniques to improve
your reading ability. 

You can also use the AccelaReader application to train yourself to read faster. Using the
speed reading tool, you can set the speed you want to read the words and the number of
words (chunks) that should flash on your screen. Try it to see your current reading speed. The
tool can also help minimize subvocalization.

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 8. Poor visualization skills

If someone has poor visualization skills, they might not be able to build a visual scenario in
their head as they read. This will deter them from contextually understanding what’s going
on, especially if they are reading a story or a process.

How to fix it:

There are some great courses available online that can help you with your visualization skills.
Through these courses, you will learn how to visualize better, and it will inevitably lead to an
improved reading ability. 

9. Parents facing difficulties reading

If one or both of your parents had poor reading skills, chances are that you will too. That’s
because reading has a major genetic component to it, so you could say that bad reading
comprehension runs in families.

How to fix it:

First, you need to identify a child who is at risk of developing reading difficulties as soon as
possible. And once you find one, you can deploy all of the tips mentioned in this article to see
which one helps them the most.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT READING PROGRESS

INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence or mental aptitude has long been considered, a crucial factor in reading
development.
Observations show that highly intelligent and creative individuals accelerate fast in
acquisition of reading skills. Differences in reading style .Showed proficiency in reading
skills.They read with imagination and sensitivity to the author’s style and characterization

They generated many speculations while reading, Created situations Became part of the
author’s experience They read more “from within”than”from without”. They could also be
realistic, Systematically comparing and contrasting essentials components of a passage
Securing the meanings of the passages with speed and efficiency

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Conclusion

Reading is a process that involves recognizing words, leading to the development of

comprehension. According to research, reading is a process that negotiates the meaning
between the text and its reader. Reading difficulty is a learning disorder that involves
significant impairment of reading accuracy, speed, or comprehension to the extent that the
impairment interferes with academic achievement or activities of daily life Improving your
reading ability will only be possible if you figure out what is causing the problem..

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Reference

 https://robi673614566.wordpress.com/2018/05/16/factors-affecting-reading/
 https://irisreading.com/what-are-the-major-causes-of-poor-reading-ability
 http://www.nycspecialeducation.com/reading-difficulties.html
 file:///C:/Users/Home%20Pc/Downloads/
Paper+3+(2021.4.12)+Factors+and+Problems+Affecting+Reading+Comprehension+
of+Undergraduate+Students