Broadband SIW Cavity-Backed Modified Dumbbell-Shaped Slot Antenna
Broadband SIW Cavity-Backed Modified Dumbbell-Shaped Slot Antenna
Broadband SIW Cavity-Backed Modified Dumbbell-Shaped Slot Antenna
5, MAY 2019
Abstract—A cavity-backed modified dumbbell-shaped slot an- slot is used to generate a hybrid mode, which helps the antenna
tenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide technology is realize an operational bandwidth of 6.3%. Compared with the
proposed in this letter. Compared with the traditional dumbbell- rectangular slot, the improved bow-tie slot antenna obtains a
shaped slot, the modified dumbbell-shaped slot not only introduces
several new resonant points, but also makes the antenna obtain wider impedance bandwidth of 9.4% [8]. A dual resonant slot-
a higher gain. In addition, the high-order resonant modes (TE102 , patch antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 17.32% with
TE301 , TE302 ) inside the subcavity are excited by the ground copla- the help of the perturbative TM11 mode [9]. In [10], impedance
nar waveguide feeding structure, and the broadband impedance bandwidths of 15.2% and 17.5% are realized by coupling the
bandwidth can be achieved by making the high-order modes close lower modes with higher modes. In [11], a broadband dual-mode
to each other. The measured results show that the proposed antenna
achieves an impedance bandwidth of 26.7% from 18.2 to 23.8 GHz (TE102 and TE201 modes) triangular-complimentary-split-ring-
and a peak gain of 9.5 dBi at 20.4 GHz. The cross-polarization levels slot (TCSRS) antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of
of the antenna are around –40 dB at three measured frequencies. 16.7% at 28 GHz; however, the antenna has a high cross-
Index Terms—Broadband antenna, cavity-backed slot antenna,
polarization level and a low gain at lower frequencies. The mul-
high gain, high-order mode, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). tilayer structure with the coupled feeding element introduced in
[12]–[14] is also conducive to widen the impedance bandwidth.
In [12], the meta-mushroom structure and the coupled feeding
I. INTRODUCTION structure help the bow-tie slot antenna achieve an impedance
VER the past years, the cavity-backed antennas [1]– bandwidth of 21.8%. In [14], four gradually widened SIW cav-
O [14], especially cavity-backed slot antennas [3]–[14],
have been widely used among the wireless communication sys-
ities are excited by the slot-coupled feeding structure, which
helps the antenna achieve an impedance bandwidth of more than
tems due to their attractive advantages. However, the traditional 30%. However, the multilayer structures and high profiles limit
cavity-backed slot antennas have high profiles, so it is difficult their application.
to integrate with other planar circuits. Recently, the above prob- In this letter, a broadband cavity-backed slot antenna with
lem can be solved by introducing the substrate integrated wave- high gain characteristic is presented by combining the modi-
guide (SIW) structure to the planer cavity-backed slot antenna. fied dumbbell-shaped slot and the high-order modes in the SIW
However, due to the high-Q characteristic of the SIW cavity, cavity. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna
the impedance bandwidth (BW) of the SIW cavity-backed slot achieves an impedance bandwidth of 26.7% and a maximum
antenna is narrow. gain of 9.5 dBi. This letter is organized as follows: Section II
To expand the impedance bandwidth of the SIW cavity- describes the configuration and field distribution of the antenna.
backed slot antenna, several techniques have been proposed. The measured and simulated results are presented in Section III.
Yun et al. broaden the bandwidth by removing the substrate un- Finally, Section IV concludes the letter.
der or next to the slot, but the bandwidth did not exceed 5%
[3], [4]. In [5], [6], the coupling between the slots with different
lengths enables the antenna to achieve an impedance bandwidth II. CONFIGURATION AND DESIGN ANALYSIS
of 8.5%. Luo et al. [7] and Mukherjee et al. [8] proposed the use The proposed antenna is completely built on a single-layer
of the hybrid modes to widen the broadband. In [7], a rectangular substrate (Rogers-Duroid 5880) with a thickness of 0.787 mm,
and its geometry is shown in Fig. 1. The square SIW cavity is
Manuscript received November 12, 2018; revised January 8, 2019 and March formed by four rows of metallic vias together with two metal-
4, 2019; accepted March 12, 2019. Date of publication March 27, 2019; date of lic plates on the top and bottom of the substrate. The diameter
current version May 3, 2019. This work was supported in part by the National
Basic Research Program of China-973 program under Grant 2015CB857100; in (D) and spacing (S) of the vias can be optimized to maintain
part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61401327 the conditions D/S ≥ 0.5 and D/λ0 ≤ 0.1 (λ0 is the free-space
and Grant 61471278; and in part by the National Key R&D Program of China wavelength) to ensure minimum leakage of energy [15].
under Grant 2017YFF0205200. (Corresponding author: Wen Jiang.)
The authors are with the National Key Laboratory of Antennas and The modified dumbbell-shaped slot is etched on the top metal-
Microwave Technology, the Collaborative Innovation Center of Informa- lic plate and placed at a distance of “Ds” from the short end of
tion Sensing and Understanding, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China the cavity. To generate high-order modes in the cavity and in-
(e-mail:,[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected];
[email protected]). tegrate with planar circuits easily, a 50 Ω grounded coplanar
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2906119 waveguide (GCPW) with additional tilted slots is used as the
1536-1225 © 2019 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.
See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
CHENG et al.: BROADBAND SIW CAVITY-BACKED MODIFIED DUMBBELL-SHAPED SLOT ANTENNA 937
Fig. 5. E-field vector distributions of the subcavity (a) at 18.4 GHz (even
TE301 mode) (b) at 19.4 GHz (odd TE301 mode).
Fig. 4. Simulated |S11 | according to the variation of (a) Li1 , (b) W3 , and
(c) D1 .
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