Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 14 views

    L3 (T)

    Uploaded by

    AINA DALILAH BINTI MOHD ARIF / UPM
    This document reviews key concepts in trigonometry that are important for calculus, including radian measure, the six basic trigonometric functions, trigonometric identities, and formulas for reduction, addition/subtraction, double angles, half angles, and product-to-sum. Examples are provided for finding trigonometric function values given another function value, and for solving a trigonometric equation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    L3 (T)

    Uploaded by

    AINA DALILAH BINTI MOHD ARIF / UPM
    14 views13 pages
    This document reviews key concepts in trigonometry that are important for calculus, including radian measure, the six basic trigonometric functions, trigonometric identities, and formulas for reduction, addition/subtraction, double angles, half angles, and product-to-sum. Examples are provided for finding trigonometric function values given another function value, and for solving a trigonometric equation.

    Original Title

    L3(T)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document reviews key concepts in trigonometry that are important for calculus, including radian measure, the six basic trigonometric functions, trigonometric identities, and formulas for reduction, addition/subtraction, double angles, half angles, and product-to-sum. Examples are provided for finding trigonometric function values given another function value, and for solving a trigonometric equation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views13 pages

    L3 (T)

    Uploaded by

    AINA DALILAH BINTI MOHD ARIF / UPM
    This document reviews key concepts in trigonometry that are important for calculus, including radian measure, the six basic trigonometric functions, trigonometric identities, and formulas for reduction, addition/subtraction, double angles, half angles, and product-to-sum. Examples are provided for finding trigonometric function values given another function value, and for solving a trigonometric equation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    Calculus MTH 3100

    Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus

    L3 1.4 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

    Plan:
    Radian Measure
    The Six Basic Trigonometric Functions
    Trigonometric Identities
    Reduction Formulas
    Addition and Subtraction Formulas
    Double-Angle Formulas
    Half-Angle Formulas
    Product-To-Sum Formulas

    This section reviews the basic trigonometric


    functions. The trigonomstric functions are
    important because they are periodic, or
    repeating, and therefore model many naturally
    occuring periodic processes.

    L3 52
    Calculus MTH 3100
    Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus

    Radian Measure

    In nagivation and astronomy, angles are


    measured in degrees, but in calculus it is best to
    use units called radians because of the way
    they simplify later calculations.

    1 radian

    L3 53
    Calculus MTH 3100
    Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus

     radians =180

    For example, 45° in radian measure is

     
    45  = rad
    180 4

      180
    And 6 radians is  = 30 . 

    6 
    L3 54
    Calculus MTH 3100
    Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus

    L3 55
    Calculus MTH 3100
    Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus

    The Six Basic Trigonometric Functions

    The trigonometric functions are the sine (sin),


    cosine (cos), tangent (tan), cotangent (cot),
    secant (sec) and cosecant (csc) and defined in
    terms of the coordinates of P(t) = (x, y) by

    y
    sin t = y cos t = x tan t =
    x

    L3 56
    Calculus MTH 3100
    Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus

    1 1 x
    csc t = sec t = cot t =
    y x y

    Figure 1: Trigonometric function for an angle t

    Trigonometric Identities

    sin x
    tan x =
    cos x (1)

    L3 57
    Calculus MTH 3100
    Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus

    cos x
    cot x = (2)
    sin x

    1
    csc x = (3)
    sin x

    1
    sec x =
    cos x (4)

    cos 2 x + sin 2 x = 1 (5)

    1 + tan 2 x = sec 2 x (6)

    cot 2 x + 1 = csc 2 x (7)

    Reduction Formulas

    sin( − x) = − sin x (8)


    L3 58
    Calculus MTH 3100
    Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus

    cos (− x ) = cos x (9)

     
    sin  x +  = cos x (10)
     2

     
    cos  x +  = − sin x (11)
     2

     
    sin  − x  = cos x (12)
    2 

     
    cos  − x  = sin x (13)
    2 

    Addition and Subtraction Formulas

    sin ( x  y ) = sin x cos y  cos x sin y (14)

    L3 59
    Calculus MTH 3100
    Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus

    cos ( x  y ) = cos x cos y sin x sin y (15)

    tan x  tan y
    tan( x  y ) = (16)
    1  tan x tan y

    Double-Angle Formulas

    sin 2 x = 2sin x cos x


    cos 2 x = cos 2 x − sin 2 x = 1 − 2sin 2 x = 2cos 2 x − 1
    2 tan x
    tan 2 x =
    1 − tan 2 x

    Half-Angle Formulas

    L3 60
    Calculus MTH 3100
    Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus

    1
    sin x = (1 − cos 2 x)
    2

    2
    1
    cos x = (1 + cos 2 x )
    2

    2
    1 − cos 2 x sin 2 x
    tan x = =
    sin 2 x 1 + cos 2 x

    Product-To-Sum Formulas

    1
    sin x cos y = sin( x − y) + sin( x + y)
    2
    1
    cos x cos y =  cos( x − y ) + cos( x + y ) 
    2
    1
    sin x sin y =  cos ( x − y ) − cos ( x + y ) 
    2

    Example: Finding Trigonometric Function


    Values

    L3 61
    Calculus MTH 3100
    Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus

    3 
    If tan  = 2 and 0    2 , find the five other
    trigonometric functions of  .

    Solution:

    3
    From tan  =
    2 , we construct the right triangle
    as in Figure 2.

    The Pythagorean Theorem gives the length of


    the hypotenuse as 13 . From the triangle we

    L3 62
    Calculus MTH 3100
    Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus

    write the values of the other five trigonometric


    functions:
    2 3 13 13 2
    cos  = , sin  = , sec  = , csc  = , cot  =
    13 13 2 3 3

    Example:

    Find the angles for the equation.

    4 sec 2  = 3 tan  + 5

    Solution:

    Since

    sec 2  = 1 + tan 2  ,

    we have

    4 + 4 tan 2  = 3 tan  + 5

    or

    L3 63
    Calculus MTH 3100
    Chapter 1 : Intro. To Calculus

    4 tan 2  − 3 tan  − 1 = 0

    Then,

    (tan  − 1)(4 tan  + 1) = 0

    1
     tan  = 1 ; tan  = −
    4

    Finally,

     = n + 45 and  = n - 14 2

    L3 64

    You might also like