How Did The Rise of Nazism and Fascism Lead To World War 2

How did the rise of nazism and fascism lead to world war 2:
Fascism: Fascism is a system of government led by a dictator who

typically rules by force and often violently suppressesing and criticism,
controlling all industry and commerce, a belief in the natural
social hierarchy and the rule of elites, and promoting nationalism and
often racism. Fascism is a mass political movement that
emphasizes extreme nationalism, militarism, and the supremacy of
both the nation and the single, powerful leader over the individual
citizen.
Fascist regimes are revolutionary because they advocate the overthrow
of existing systems of government and the persecution of political
enemies. However, when it advances their interests, such regimes can
also be highly conservative in their championing of traditional values
related to the role of women, social hierarchy, and obedience to
authority. And although fascist leaders typically claim to support the
everyman, in reality their regimes often align with powerful business
interests.
All fascists where enemies of marxists.
Took prominence from 1919-1945.
Common themes among fascist movements include:
 Authoritarianism
 nationalism (including racial nationalism)
 hierarchy and elitism
 militarism
The Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler, espoused a form of fascism that
incorporated fervent antisemitism(hatred against jews), anti-
communism, scientific racism, and the use of eugenics into its creed .
Mussolini’s Italy and Nazi Germany—were fascists but different in important
respects. In Italy, for example, anti-Semitism was officially rejected before 1934,
and it was not until 1938 that Mussolini enacted a series of anti-Semitic measures
in order to solidify his new military alliance with Hitler. Another reason is the
fascists’ well-known opportunism—i.e., their willingness to make changes in
official party positions in order to win elections or consolidate power.
Fascism was supported by: middle class ,low class,working class,white collar
workers
Despite their long history in European thought, fascist ideas prospered politically
only when perceived economic threats increased their appeal to members of
certain social groups. In 1928, before the onset of the Great Depression in
Germany, Hitler received less than 3 percent of the vote; after 1930, however, far
more voters—many of them middle and lower-middle class individuals fearful of
“proletarianization”—gave him their support. The economic
anxiety underlying the success of Nazism was reflected to some extent in party
membership, which was drawn disproportionately from economic elites and
other high-status groups—especially for leadership positions. These posts also
contained large numbers of university professors, high school teachers, higher
civil servants, former military officers, doctors, lawyers, businessmen, and landed
aristocrats. In the lower ranks of the party, white-collar workers were
overrepresented and blue-collar workers were underrepresented.
Similarly, in Italy, as historian Charles Maier has shown, fascism originally received

most of its support from large and small landowners who felt beleaguered by
landless farm workers and from businessmen and white-collar workers who felt a
similar threat from industrial workers. In 1927, 75 percent of the membership of
Mussolini’s party came from the middle and lower-middle classes and only 15
percent from the working class. Nearly 10 percent came from Italy’s economic
elites, who represented a much smaller portion of the general population.
The Nazis drew more support from small towns than they did from large cities. In
rural areas, Protestants were overrepresented in the party, and Catholics were
underrepresented. In less-industrialized countries—such as
Spain, Portugal, Poland, Romania, and Hungary—fascists relied more heavily on
rural support. In Japan many fascist activists were originally young army officers,
low-level civil servants, small landowners, small factory owners, masters of small
workshops, primary school teachers, and Shintō and Buddhist priests.
Fascism arose during the 1920s and ’30s partly out of fear of the rising power of
the working classes; it differed from contemporary communism (as practiced
under Joseph Stalin) by its protection of business and landowning elites and its
preservation of class systems.
Although fascism is a notoriously difficult ideology to define, many 20th-century
fascist movements shared several characteristics. First, these movements sourced
their political strength from populations experiencing economic woes, real or
imagined. Fascists tended to capitalize on these economic anxieties by shifting the
blame away from government or market forces. Jews, immigrants, leftists, and
other groups became useful scapegoats. Redirecting popular anger toward these
people would, in theory, rid a country of its ailments
The most prominent 20th-century fascist regimes were those in Germany and
Italy. German fascism took the form of Nazism, which rose out of the ashes of
the post-World War I Weimar Republic. Inflation, soaring unemployment rates,
and deep political divisions paralyzed the republic during the Great
Depression and helped create the conditions that allowed Nazism to prosper.
The Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler, promised stability and a return to prewar
German pride. It espoused militaristic nationalism, derided cultural decadence,
and blamed various marginalized groups—chiefly Jews—for Germany’s social ills.
The Nazis governed Germany beginning in 1933 and attempted to spread their
ideology through conquest and genocide until their defeat in 1945.
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central

Powers) fought against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Canada,
Japan and the United States (the Allied Powers).The “Treaty of Versailles”, signed
following World War I, contained Article 231, commonly known as the “war guilt
clause,” which placed all the blame for starting the war on Germany and its allies.
Germans , specially hitler was angry on this and wanted torestore germanies
pride and promised people exactly that when germany was going through the
great depression post war period.
Nazism :a form of fascism practiced by the National Socialist German
Workers' Party Or Nazis led by Adolf Hitler.
Nazism is a form of fascism, with disdain for liberal democracy and the
parliamentary system. It incorporates a dictatorship, fervent antisemitism, anti-
communism, scientific racism, and the use of eugenics into its creed.
Considered aryans to be superior race.
Nazism was one of three radical ideologies to appear in Europe after World War I.
Fascism(italy), often dubbed the ‘older brother’ of Nazism, took shape in Italy
during the war. Devised largely by Benito Mussolini, fascism rejected socialism
and democracy in favour of an authoritarian political and economic system,
dominated by a single leader.
Soviet socialism(soviet union), a left-wing ideology with elements of
totalitarianism, emerged in Russia after the 1917 revolution. It began as a
movement to overthrow capitalism and replace it with a ‘workers’ dictatorship’.
In the end, Russia ended up in the hands of Hitler’s rival dictator, Joseph Stalin,
who cared little about the lives or well-being of workers.
Nazism(germany) had some similarities to both – but it was also a distinctly
national phenomenon, drawing on ideas, events and traditions peculiar to
Germany.
National Socialism was developed by hardline nationalists whose only interest
was the future of Germany and German-speaking Aryan people. As a
consequence, they had little interest in creating an international movement,
exporting their ideas to other countries or changing the world outside Europe.
The restoration of German economic and military supremacy was their chief
concern.
10 principles of nazi party:
1. authoritarianism:one single absolute power of fuhrer

2. Totalitarianism
3. Nationalism:detested diplomacy and despised multilateral groups
4. Militarism
5. Expansionism
6. A thirdy way: Hitler was famously hostile to democracy, which he considered a weak and
indecisive form of government, too prone to interference and infiltration by destructive forces.
He also despised communism, regarding it as a Jewish invention to enslave non-Jewish races.
7. Economic sovereignity
8. Traditional values
9. Racial theories:main reason that separated nazis from fascists
10.Volksgemeinschaft: ‘people’s community’, Volksgemeinschaft did not originate with the
Nazis. Instead, it came from the difficult years of World War I. The principle
of volksgemeinschaft was that all Germans should unite and work together to reduce differences
in class, wealth and standards of living. In reality, the Nazis had no interest in this kind of
levelling or social unity – yet volksgemeinschaft figured heavily in NSDAP propaganda. This gave
the impression that Nazism was a cohesive and unifying movement .
https://alphahistory.com/nazigermany/nazi-ideology/
Difference between nazism and fascism :

nazism :racial superiority,racial purity ,offshoot of fascsim
fascism:nationalism,curbing freedom
https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/difference-between-nazism-and-fascism/
WORLD WAR 2 was between italy ,germany and japanand its allies
(france,great britian,us,china,soviet union)
 Both nazis an fascists did not believe in diplomacy and were an
authoritarian regime,so they believed in violence and resorted to it in
any given opputunity
 Expansionist mindset of both led to ww2. Both wanted to expand
their ideology to far end of the world ,espcially nazis,they even took
over many neighbouring parts of the
countires(POLAND,DENMARK,BELGIUM,NORWAY,NETHERLAND,FRA
NCE,LUXEMBURG,GREECE ETC) but lost at the hands of Russia(led by
stalin).
 The holocaust of jews was not seen positively by the westerners
 The Americans feared the total disctatorship of nazis in the area of
cental europe , and as a resutl affceting their trade activities. While
germany was going through great economic depression post world
war 1 period,america was prospering and the obv did not want to loe
that .
 Racism : Adolf Hitler’s Nazism was a nationalist and expansionist
ideology. Nazism claimed that Germans needed to conquer new
territory and supplant the people who lived there. This was because
Germans were members of the Aryan race, which was superior to all
other races. Waging war enabled the Aryan race to take the land it so
desperately needed, purge “inferior races,” and achieve hegemony
over the world.
 Hungarian Fascistic Ideology:after ww1 hungary became barely 1/3
of its originalsize,to restore its political and territorial
status ,hungarian leader sided with germany and italy.and execution
of jews stareted there too.
http://www.historyisnowmagazine.com/blog/2019/6/30/why-did-
world-war-two-happen-how-the-fascists-hitler-mussolini-and-horthy-
led-to-the-outbreak-of-world-war-two#.Y4ZgQXZBzIU=

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How did the rise of nazism and fascism lead to world war 2:

Fascism: Fascism is a system of government led by a dictator who

Similarly, in Italy, as historian Charles Maier has shown, fascism originally received

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central

1. authoritarianism:one single absolute power of fuhrer

Difference between nazism and fascism :

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