Introduction to the

Philosophy of the
Human Person
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
Human Person in the Society
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 3: Human Person in the Society
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Mervin M. Gamez

Editor: Lucia M. Sunga

Reviewer:

Layout Artist: Laurel K. Roa

Management Team: Reynaldo V. Guillena

Jinky B. Firman
Marilyn V. Deduyo
Alma C. Cifra
Aris B. Juanillo
Amelia D. Lacerna

Printed in the Philippines by Davao City Division Learning Resources Management

Development System (LRMDS)
Department of Education – Davao City Division, Region XI
Office Address: Elpidio Quirino Ave., Poblacion District, Davao City, 8000 Davao del Sur

Telefax:(082) 224-3274, (082) 222-1672

E-mail Address: [email protected]

 Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
Human Person in
Society
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded
of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on
any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are
done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this
material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

1
 Let Us Learn

This module covers the essence of a society and the responsibilities of human
beings in society. The human being exists to relate with others. The person is, by nature, a
social being because he or she has a tendency to go out of himself or herself to form bonds
and relationships with others. Throughout a person’s life, he or she experiences a various
relationship that help shape him or her as an integral person.

The following areas are the lessons contained in this module:

Lesson 1: Forms of Society
Lesson 2: Transformation and Influence of Human Relations
by Social Systems

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. recognize how individuals form societies and how individuals are
transformed by societies;
2. compare various forms of societies; and
3. explain how social systems transform human relations.

Let Us Try
Activity 1 To begin this lesson, you have to recall your lesson on Intersubjectivity
Directions:
1. Answer the question based on your experience.
2. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper

How did you interact with the following people in society?

Types of People Way of Interaction

I was able to share my achievements and plans

Example Mother
with my mother.

1 Parents/Guardians

2 Teachers

3 Classmates

4 Friends

5 Relatives

2
 SCORING RUBRIC

Statement is clear Statement is not clear

2 Points 1 Point

Philosopher Philosophy on Intersubjectivity

“Achieving virtue and acquiring a sense of

self-identity require social interaction and
working with others.”
https://www.ancient.eu/aristotle/
Aristotle
Greek Philosopher
385-322 BC

“Intersubjectivity is the interchange of

thoughts and feelings between two persons
or subjects.”
Pinterrest.com
Edmund Husserl
German Philosopher
1859-1938

Activity 2 You must know the forms of society!

Directions:
1. Identify and determine which form of society is referred to by the
following statements.
2. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper

A - Hunting and gathering society

B - Pastoral society
C - Horticultural society
D - Agrarian or agricultural society
E - Feudal society
F - Industrial society
G - Post – industrial society

3
 This society engages in the small-scale cultivation of plants,
1
fruits and vegetables.
In this society, those who own land are considered most
2
powerful and influential.
3 This society has given rise to a virtual society.
4 This society uses machinery to produce goods and services.
5 This society is generally small in size and is composed of families.
This society primarily relies on the domestication of animals
6
for food.
This society features large-scale and long-term cultivation of crops
7
and domestication of animals.
8 This is the earliest and simplest form of society.
9 This society is based on the ownership of land.
10 This society is based on knowledge, information, and the sale
of services.
In this society, work is done in factories and public education is
11
more prevalent.
12 Members of this society pastured animals for food and
transportation.
The large population of this society leads to the more structured
13
social system that helps manage resources and its members.
In this society, roles and responsibilities are more clearly defined
14
with many tasks assigned according to gender.
15 In this society, the business owners and the capitalists are
considered the most influential.

Let Us Study

Lesson Forms of Society

1
This lesson will help you understand better the forms of society and how
individuals form societies. Throughout history, the development of societies shows
the development of humankind in response to changing surroundings and historical
developments.

Laurel K. Roa

4
 How will you describe a society?
Society is an organized group of people whose members interact freely and have
a common territory and culture. It also refers to companionship or friendly
association with others, an alliance, a community, or a union.

Auguste Comte is the father of sociology. He

used the term “sociology” in 1838, which refers to
the scientific study of society. He believed that all
societies develop and progress through the
following stages: religious, metaphysical, and
scientific. He argued that society needs scientific
knowledge based on facts and evidence to solve
its problems not speculation and superstition,
which characterize social development’s religious
and metaphysical stages. Comte viewed the
science of sociology as consisting of two
branches: dynamics, the study of the processes
by which societies change, and statics, studying
britannica.com of the processes by which societies endure. He
Auguste Comte also envisioned sociologists as eventually
French Philosopher developing a scientific social knowledge that
1798-1857 would guide society into positive directions.

How do individuals form societies?

The human being exists to relate with other people. The person is by nature a
social being because he tends to go out of himsel for herself to form bonds and
relationships with others. Throughout a person’s life, he experiences various
relationships that help shape him as a person. As we grow into adulthood, our
relationships and responsibilities also change because we play more significant roles
in the communities we live in.

How do societies transform individuals?

As individuals, members of society can transform themselves and attain
development through their interactions within society. In turn, humans are also able
to influence society through their actions. Society also makes possible the
emergence of certain individualities. The survival of a human being is essentially
rooted in society and human relations.
As the individual grows, he or she begins to experience life outside the home
and begins to interact with other people in different settings. This also leads the
person to form other relationships as groups, such as establishing friendships in
school or workplaces. Society and its various aspects provide the support that
ensures the development of the human person.

5
 Philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques
Rousseau were among the most prominent social theorists who tackled human society’s
origins. To fully understand society’s real character, they imagined humans as living in a so-
called “natural state” removed from modernity and civilization.

How will you describe the Social Contract Theory?

Social Contract Theory :
✓ Explanation or justification of a relationship between the individual and the
larger society or government.
✓ Demonstrate why members of a society would rationally find at their best
interests to comply with their society’s principles and regulations.
✓ Refers to contracts between a nation and its citizens. Consent to such
contracts is meant to occur tacitly, or implicitly, by virtue of being a citizen of
the state.
✓ Human reason is the key element in social contract theories. The underlying
view of human nature includes that we are rational beings and can
understand why and how regulations and principles in society make life
better. Given that humans are rational, the contract itself needs to express
what a rational person would agree to.

Philosopher Social Contract Theory

Humans are selfish, destructive, unprincipled, and at

war with each other in the state of nature. But because
humans are also rational, they realize that their lives will
be better if they cooperate with others and live under the
protection of a sovereign authority. This social contract,
according to Hobbes, is about giving up some freedom
in exchange for safety. Political structure is required if
sunsigns.org there is peace and cooperation.
Thomas Hobbes
British Philosopher
1588-1679

Humans, by nature, possess rights, which entail the

responsibility not to invade the rights of another.
John Locke used the social contract to justify the
authority of the state. However, he thought the
government’s role is to be the servant of its citizens and
protect peoples’ natural rights. The right to private
property, among those natural rights, is central to
Locke’s case for civil government; property ownership is
subject to contention. The contract expects the civil
authority to protect property and other rights of the

6
 individual. Locke believed that all people have natural
rights no matter what the culture or circumstances are.
Natural rights constitute a basic moral law. Every person
has these rights, simply by virtue of being human. In
Locke’s view, the right to life, liberty, health, and
property are inalienable.

etc.usf.edu
John Locke
British Philosopher
1632-1704

He saw humans in the state of nature as

compassionate and essentially moral beings. However.
when removed from this literally natural state, humans
are subject to corruption and loss of their natural
compassion. Having private property, for example,
encourages one to be deceived by greed and self-
interest.
Rousseau thought that society ought to be ordered to
give up some individual freedom and rights for collective
liberty. His view of social contract involved uniting
together to express a single collective will. In this way,
the state, or society, acts as a moral person, rather than
just a collection of individuals. The general will is the will
of a politically unified group of people that defines the
dreamstime.com
common good, determines right and wrong, and
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
is established by passing laws.
Swiss Philosopher
1712-1778

What are the different forms of societies?

Throughout history, the development of societies shows the development of humankind

in response to changing surroundings and historical developments.
The various forms of societies that emerged are the

➢ Hunting and gathering society

➢ Pastoral society
➢ Horticultural society
➢ Agrarian or Agricultural society
➢ Feudal society
➢ Industrial society
➢ Post-Industrial society

7
 Form of Society Social Characteristics
This form of society is recognized as the
earliest and simplest form of society. It is
generally characterized by its small size and is
composed mainly of families. They are
nomadic because they spend most of their time
searching for food and have no permanent
territory. Its members are generally treated
equally and decisions usually arrived at a
consensus. Because of this, the roles of its
wikimedia.org
members and the division of labor arenot
Hunting and Gathering Society
clearly defined.

Animals’ domestication characterized this

form of society for a more stable and
predictable food supply. It has larger
population than hunting and gathering society
and remain longer in one place. This society
often produces surplus food and resources
which they trade with other societies.
The members of pastoral society emerged
12,000 years ago, pasture animals for food and
transportation. Pastoral societies still exist
today, primarily in the desert lands of North
Africa where horticulture and manufacturing
wikimedia.org
are not possible.
Pastoral Society

This form of society engages in the small-

scale cultivation of plants, fruits and
vegetables, and animals’ domestication. It is
semi-nomadic because people travel to
another place when they have already
depleted area’s resources. In this society,
roles and responsibilities are more clearly
defined with many tasks assigned according to
gender. The assignment of tasks and
occupations were often based on gender, with
wikimedia.org women doing mostly domestic work at home,
Horticultural Society while men engaged in hunting and farming.
This form of society is the evolution of the
pastoral and horticultural societies. Agriculture
involves the large-scale and long-term
cultivation of crops and domestication of
animals. This society is characterized by
improved technology and the use of tools to aid
in farming. Improved technology and farming
methods result in increased production, giving
rise to a growing agricultural society. The large
population of agricultural societies leads to a

8
 more structured social system that helps
manage resources and its members.

wikimedia.org
Agrarian or Agricultural Society
From the 9th to 15th
centuries, feudalism was a form of society
based on land ownership. Unlike today's
farmers, vassals under feudalism were bound
to cultivating their lord's land. In a feudal
society, rulers grant their followers or vassals
the right to manage parcels of land. These
vassals are served by peasant workers who
cultivate the land and tend to the farms’
animals. In return of their services, they are
provided military production. Members of
society are organized based on status. Those
who own lands are considered the most
powerful and influential members of society,
while the peasants are considered the lowest
group. This society gives rise to individuals
who value relations among family members
and other community members. People who
belong to the higher class are treated with
respect by the members of the community.
They are often traditional and are resistant to
social change, preferring to maintain the way
pinterest.om things are in their community.
Feudal Society

9
 This form of society is based on the use of
specialized machinery to produce goods and
services. The advances in science and
technology in the late 18th century resulted in
the industrial revolution, which in turn gave rise
to new products and industrial methods, as
well as innovations in transportation and
communication. These technological advances
resulted in improved trade and commerce, and
better living conditions for many people. Work
is done in factories and public education is
more prevalent. The emergence of industrial
societies is characterized by greater
inequalities in wealth, power, and influence.
Industrial societies are often defined by the
nature of work and the prevailing industry in an
area. The capitalists or business owners are
considered the most influential. This society is
also characterized by cultural diversity and the
presence of bureaucratic forms of organization.
An important factor in social relations in the
workplace and people often interact with
individuals who do not come from the same
family, clan, or community. Impersonal
relationships prevail among individuals.
The industrial revolution appeared first in Great
Britain and then quickly spread to the rest of
shutterstock.com
Industrial Society the world.

This form of society is marked by

establishing societies based on knowledge,
information, and the sale of services. Members
of this society have higher educational
attainment, better training, and specialized
roles. The virtual society, where people
organize themselves through communication
technology and the internet, is a product of a
post-industrial society.
Individuals in a virtual society often engage
in complex relationships. They often have fluid
identities and do not necessarily subscribe to
certain norms or established standards of
behavior. The freedom allowed in virtual worlds
means that a person is able to engage in
wikimedia.org various activities, as well as access various
Post-Industrial Society kinds of information.

10
 The growth and development of the various forms of societies highlight the growing
complexity of human interactions over time. The technological advances and cultural
changes that brought about these changes result in the expanding communities that now
include people from varied ethnicities. These developments have led to innovations in
human interactions such as language and the establishment of governments. Many
countries worldwide are industrial societies, and a number of developed countries have
evolved into post-industrial and virtual societies.

But despite these advancements and changes, the human person still remains the
heart and center of society. The person is the primary agent of change, as he or she drives
social changes based on responses to events and developments affecting society.

What is a social institution?

Social institutionsare certain groups that perform vital functions in the society.

➢ Family
➢ Church
➢ School
➢ Barangay
➢ Workplace

Social Institution Characteristics

Family is a unique social institution. It is the
basic unit of social organization. Family is the
nucleus of all social structures and continue to
be the most stable association and human
institution. Society is a conglomeration of
families. No society or civilization ever exists
without family. It plays a very important role in
the process of socialization.

It is the simplest and most elementary

group found in a society. The social group
consisting of a father, mother and children are
the most immediate group a child is exposed
to. It is the most enduring group, which has
tremendous influence on the life of an
individual.
Family

11
 The church is a religious organization,
congregation or community, and this
community consists of people not structures. It
is a place for fellowship, worship and ministry
which is conducted by believers. The church is
where the believers fulfill their specific nature
and purpose.

The church is where people should go if

they are in need of a spiritual fix. The church is
a hospital for sinners and not an exclusive club
for saints. In sociology, four main
characteristics are used to describe these
religious organizations: a bureaucratic
organizational structure, a passive relationship
with their members, a positive relationship and
attitude to society and the state, and a leading
vision for the whole of society including a
Church positive attitude to other religious bodies.

School is the place where children go to be

educated. This social system is an
educational institution designed to provide
learning spaces and learning environment for
students’ education under the direction and
supervision of the teachers.

A school environment offers students the

opportunity to learn to work with others, which
is a very important “real world” skill. Through
games and projects, and even participation in
after-school sports, children can learn the
importance of forging relationships with each
other. These activities can also help us learn
to manage difficult personalities and better
understand how we work as individuals.

School boosts confidence and teaches us to

establish and maintain friendships, and learn
how to work together as a team, which is a
primary tenet of any successful society.
Without school, knowledge would not spread
quickly, and our access to new ideas and
people could easily be cut off.
School

12
Social System Characteristics
A workplace is a location where someone
works for his or her employer. It is known as
a place of employment. Such a place can
range from a home office to a large office or
building.

For industrialized societies, the workplace

is one of the most important social spaces
other than the home, constituting a central
concept for several entities: the worker and
his/her family, the employing organization,
the customers of the organization, and the
society as a whole.

The development of new communication

technologies have led to the development of
Workplace the virtual workplace, a workplace that is not
located in any one physical space.

A barangay is the smallest administrative

division in the Philippines and is the native
Filipino term for a village, district or ward. The
word barangay originated from balangay, a
kind of boat used by a group of Austronesian
people when they migrated to the Philippines.

The barangay serves as the primary

planning and implementing unit of
government policies, plans, programs,
projects, and activities in the community; as a
forum wherein the collective views of the
people may be expressed, crystallized and
considered; and where disputes may be
amicably settled.
Barangay

13
 How do we distinguish rural and urban societies?

filipinohomes.com Agriculture.com
URBAN SOCIETY RURAL SOCIETY

➢ Highly industrialized society ➢ Not industrialized society

➢ Urban areas have a high population density ➢ Rural areas have a low population
density
➢ Urban areas have large amounts of
➢ Rural areas have large amounts of
developed lands with a density of human
structures such as houses, commercial undeveloped land with a density of
buildings, roads, bridges and railways. human structures such as simple
houses, stores and agricultural works.

➢ Urban area refers to towns and cities. ➢ Rural area refers to barrios and sitios.

➢ Life in the city is not simple but very ➢ Life in rural society is very simple and
complex and complicated. reflected in dressing, food habits,
shelter and manners.

➢ People in the city belong to different castes, ➢ People in rural society have
creeds, religions and cultures, and they do homogeneity and enjoy more or less
not enjoy the same social status. the same social status.

➢ There is frequent occupational mobility in ➢ There is little scope for occupational

the city. mobility in rural society.
➢ There is a division of labor and
➢ There is no division of labor in the rural
specialization on job allotment in the city.
community.
➢ The cities provide both incentives and
employment to the people. ➢ There are few chances of employment
and incentives in the rural society.
➢ Industrialized types of work are the
fundamental occupation of the people in ➢ Agriculture is the fundamental
urban society. occupation of the people in a rural area.

14
 Lesson Transformation and Influence of Human Relations
2 by Social Systems

How does society influence Filipinos?

Being born in the Philippines is not our choice, but as we grow up in Philippine
society, we begin to adopt the traits, traditions and characteristics that distinguish Filipino
culture. We learn to speak our dialect through our interactions with family members and
other members of society. It is also through our way of interactions with other individuals and
institutions that we learn how to behave appropriately, what beliefs and traditions to practice,
and what ideas and perspectives to consider acceptable. All these come together to define
our identity as persons and members of the Philippine society particularly in Davao Region.

You cannot think of a person outside of society and you cannot think of society
without persons. The person and the society have a very dynamic relationship in which one
cannot exist without the other. Because of this reality, it is important to consider society’s
role in the growth and development of a person, and its role in transforming society.

Society influences our development as Filipinos in various ways:

1. Society is the backdrop by which we adopt the prevailing culture, identity, values, ideas,
and knowledge of the persons, groups, and communities surrounding us.

For instance, think of various institutions and social systems in society that have
contributed to your identity as a person. Your interactions with your family, friends,
schoolmates, teachers, and other people in your community have all left indelible marks on
your identity.

2. Society influences its members’ interactions by establishing norms, which are a set of
traits and behavior that society considers acceptable and are thus encouraged and passed
on to other members. A vital way society influences us as persons is by defining the
relationships and interactions among its members.

For instance, when you meet a person for the first time, what do you do? The first thing that
comes to your mind is to say “Hello” or “Nice to meet you!” Some will offer a handshake to
the other person as a greeting. A handshake is a simple gesture, but it shows how society
expects us to behave when we are with other people. Ever since you were a child, you have
been constantly reminded to greet your elders respectfully. Filipinos have a unique gesture
to greet and show respect to elders: the “mano” or “pagmamano”.

When members of a society do not conform to norms, they often experience negative
consequences, such as punishments or social stigma. Norms regulate the behavior and
interactions of its members in a society. They also establish and maintain social order.

3. Society, through the establishment of norms, can also influence knowledge and ideas.

For instance, what does it mean when the traffic light flashes red? We know that the red light
means stop. Why do we need to follow it? We need to follow it because it has been a law in
our society for social orderliness particularly for operating vehicles across the roads.

15
 How does society transform human relations?

Society transforms human relations by acknowledging and performing the assigned

roles in a social system. The way we relate and interact with other people in society define
our social identity. The way we perform our roles in the society justifies our responsibilities
with other people and in various institutions. To understand our social identity and
responsibility, we need to enlighten ourselves with the classifications of society:

1. Social System – is an organized or patterned set of relationships among individuals

and groups that compose a society. Members of society act and interact with an established
social system. Norms, laws and other rules that regulate human interactions give rise to
social system. It is a formal structure of role and status that can form in a small and stable
group.

Examples of social systems include nuclear family units, communities, cities, nations,
school campuses, corporations and industries. The organization and definition of groups
within a social system depend on various shared properties such as location, socioeconomic
status, race, religion, and societal functions.

2. Social Institutions – are certain groups that perform vital functions in society.

Examples of social institutions are family, school, religion, government and work
environment.

3. Social Status–refers to any socially defined positions within a society.

Examples of social status:

1. Ascribes Status – is generally assigned at birth without regard to a
person’s unique talents or characteristics such as gender, race, and age.

2. Achieved Status–is generally given to us through our own efforts such as

educator, painter, engineer, caregiver, and law enforcer.

4. Social Role – refers to the set of behaviors expected of individuals within social
institutions. It is also an expected behavior based on the position a person occupies in
society. Each individual holds a different status within distinct institutions of society.

Examples of social roles based on social status:

1. Father – as the head of the family, his roles are to provide the family’s
basic needs, do a job that can sustain the financial needs of the family, and
educate his children using the intelligences and skills that he acquires and
possesses.

2. Mother–to attend to her children’s needs, prepare daily meals, maintain the
house’s cleanliness and orderliness, and assist her spouse in educating their
children.

3. Teacher – to provide knowledge and guidance to the learners.

4. Friend – to create a harmonious relationship with friends and maintain

social bonds among their peers.

16
5. Social Group - is a collection of people who interact with each other and share
similar characteristics and collectively have a sense of unity.

Examples of social groups:

1. Primary Group– is usually small, is characterized by extensive interaction
with strong emotional ties, and endures over time. Members of such group
care a lot about each other. This group includes family, circle of friends, team
mates, clubs, and co-employees.

2. Secondary Group – is usually large, is characterized by more impersonal

interaction, and relatively endures in a short span of time. In this group,
emotional ties and intensity of interaction generally remain much weaker than
the primary group. This group includes religious, business, governmental and
civic organizations.

Society transforms human relations in various ways:

1. Society shapes us through social values, which are actions or ideals that are
considered important by society.

For instance, values such as respect for others, obedience to the law, concern for
others and cooperation are vital to maintaining an orderly society.

A society that upholds positive social values will influence its members to uphold
these positive values. On the other hand, a society that is defined by negative values will, in
turn, produce individuals who embody these negative values.

2. Today’s modern society enables various people from diverse backgrounds and
societies to interact and establish close ties.

For instance, in our family, we may relate more closely to our parents, siblings, and
relatives. In school, we may communicate with our teachers, classmates and friends. In the
church, we may interact with the priests, pastors and church goers.

3. Virtual societies have transformed human relations as improved communication

technologies make people from faraway places interact closely with each other.

For instance, an oversees working Filipino communicates with his family in Davao
Region through the internet or video conferencing.

4. Emergence of industrial societies transformed human relations through interactions

on family and community ties, and interactions in the workplace.

For instance, an employee in a government agency discusses his output of the day
to his immediate supervisor.

17
 Let Us Practice

Activity 3 I am a part of social institutions.

Directions: Identify and determine which form of social institution is referred to by the
following statements. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

A - Family
B - Church
C - School
D - Barangay
E - Workplace

1 It is a unique social institution and the basic unit of social organization.

It is a religious organization, congregation or community where
2
believers conduct fellowship, worship and ministry.
It is a basic political unit that serves as the primary planning and
3 implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs, projects
and activities in the community.
It is the nucleus of all social structures and the most stable
4
association and institution in the society.
It is a location where someone works for his or her employer and such
5
a place can range from home office to a large office or building.
It is a place where believers fulfill their spiritual and religious nature
6
and purpose.
It is a place where children go to acquire knowledge and wisdom
7
under the direction and supervision of the teachers.
It is an avenue where we establish and maintain friendship, and
8 learn how to work together as a team which is a primary tenet of
any successful society.
It is a forum wherein the collective views of the people may be
9 expressed and considered, and where disputes may be amicably
settled.
It is the simplest group in a society where a child is exposed to and the
10 most enduring group which has tremendous influence on the life of an
individual.
It is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and a native
11
Filipino term for a village, district or ward.
12 It is known as an employing organization and resident of customers.
It is an environment that offers learners the opportunity to learn to work
13
with others, which is a very important “real world” skill.
It is a locale where people should go if they are in need of spiritual
14
and religious fix.
15 It is a hospital for sinners and not an exclusive club for the saints.

18
 Let Us Practice More

Activity 4 Rural Society versus Urban Society

Directions: Identify and determine which form of society is referred to by the following
statements. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

A - Rural Society
B - Urban Society

1 It is a highly industrialized society such as General Santos City

and Tagum City.
2
There is a frequent occupational mobility in this society.
3
This society refers to barrios or sitios like Biao Joaquin in Calinan.
4
There is no division of labor in this society.
5
This society refers to towns and cities like Digos City and Panabo City.
6
There is a little scope for occupational mobility in this society.

7 There are divisions of labor and specialization on job allotment

in this society.

8 Agriculture is the fundamental occupation of the people in this society

such as fruits and vegetable production and farming in Barangay Eden.
9
Life in this society is not simple but very complex and complicated.
10
There are few chances of employment and incentives in this society.

11 It is not an industrialized society such as Tamugan,Catigan, Sibulan,

Tamayong, Baracayo, and Mandug.

12 Industrialized types of work are the fundamental occupation of the

people in this society such as structural engineering and factory works.
13
This society has a low population density such as population in Buda.

14 People in this society belong to different castes, creeds, religions,

and culture, and they do not enjoy the same social status.
15
This society has a high population density such as Davao City.

19
 Let Us Remember

Activity 5 Human person in society

Directions: Answer the questions by integrating your learning from the topics and lessons
presented in this module. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. How will you describe society?

2. How do individuals form societies?

3. How societies transform individuals?

4. How does society influence Filipinos?

5. How does society transform human relations?

SCORING RUBRIC

CRITERIA RATING
Content and ideas are organized in a clear and
1 2 3 4 5
logical manner
Content and ideas provide adequate discussion that
employs standard grammar convention and proper 1 2 3 4 5
word choice
Total of 10 points each question

Let Us Assess

Multiple Choice. Read the statements or questions carefully. Select the letter of the
correct answer from the given choice and write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following words does not represent an organized group of people
whose members interact freely and has a common territory and culture?

a. Society c. Company
b. Community d. Individuality

2. Who is the father of sociology that termed sociology in 1838 which refers to the
scientific study of society?

a. Edmund Husserl c. Auguste Comte

b. Thomas Hobbes d. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

20
3. Who, among the philosophers and social theorists, did not tackle the origin of
human society?

a. Sigmund Freud c. Thomas Hobbes

b. Jean-Jacques Rousseau d. John Locke

4. Which of the statements is not a description of a social contract theory?

a. Justification and explanation of a relationship between the individual and

the larger society or government.
b. The underlying view of human nature includes that we are rational beings
and can understand why and how regulations and principles in the society
make life better. Human reason is the key element in social contracts.
c. Demonstrate why members of a society would emotionally find at their best
interests to comply with the principles and regulations of their society.
d. It refers to contracts between a nation and its citizens.

5. Which of the statements below does not show an influence in societies?

a. Society influences the interactions of its members through the establishment

of norms.
b. Society, through the establishment of norms, can influence knowledge and ideas.
c. Society encourages us to create a systematic chaos in Philippine communities.
d. Society is the backdrop by which we adopt the prevailing culture, values and
ideas of the people and communities that surround us.

6. Which of the following statements is the best description of norms?

a. These are set of traits and values that society considers acceptable.
b. They regulate the despicable behavior of its members in a society.
c. These are rules or standards of behavior violated by members of a social group.
d. They are rules of conduct that should be ignored since these will cause justice.

7. Which among the classifications of society refers to any socially defined position
within a society?

a. Social System c. Social Status

b. Social Group d. Social Role

8. Which among the classifications of society refers to the set of expected behaviors
based on the position a person occupies in society?

a. Social System c. Social Status

b. Social Institution d. Social Role

9. Which among the classifications of society is an organized or patterned set of

relationships among individuals and groups that compose a society?

a. Social System c. Social Status

b. Social Group d. Social Role

21
10. Which among the classifications of society is referred to as a certain group that
performs vital functions in society?

a. Social System c. Social Status

b. Social Institution d. Social Role

11. Which among the classifications of society is regarded as a collection of people

who interacts with each other and share a similar characteristics?

a. Social System c. Social Status

b. Social Group d. Social Role

12. “The teacher provides knowledge and guidance to the students; inspires, motivates,
and educates learners; and encourages students to participate in various lessons
and in other school-related activities.”
What does this statement imply?

a. Social System c. Social Status

b. Social Institution d. Social Role

13. Which of the following statements is not the essence of a primary group?

a. This group is usually large and is characterized by more impersonal interaction,

and relatively endures in a short span of time.
b. Members of this group care a lot about each other since they have strong
emotional ties.
c. This group includes family, circle of friends, team mates and co-workers.
d. This group is usually small and is characterized by extensive interactions.

14. “Our society has socially defined positions such as engineers, businessmen, farmers,
law enforcers, politicians, teachers, construction workers and medical practitioners.”
What does this statement imply?

a. Social System c. Social Status

b. Social Institution d. Social Group

15. Which of the following statements does not show social influence and transformation
in human relations?

a. Today’s modern society enables various people from diverse backgrounds and
societies to interact and establish close ties.
b. Emergence of industrial societies transformed human relations through
interactions among family members and employees in the work environment.
c. Virtual societies have transformed human relations as improved communication
technologies make people from faraway places interact closely with each other.
d. A society that upholds positive social values will influence its members to uphold
negative values. On the other hand, a society that is defined by negative values
will produce individuals who embody positive values.

22
 Let Us Enhance

Activity 6 Philosophers’ thoughts on society

Directions: Identify and determine which idea is expressed by the following philosophers.
Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

A - Aristotle
B - Edmund Husserl
C - Auguste Comte
D - Thomas Hobbes
E - John Locke
F - Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Social contract is uniting together to express a single collective will

1 where the state acts as a moral person rather than just a collection
of individuals.
When a person is removed from being a moral person, he is subject to
2
corruption which leads him to be deceived on greed and self-interest.
People realize that their lives will be better if they cooperate with others
3
and live under the protection of sovereign authority.
Social contract is giving up some freedom in exchange for safety.
4
Political structure is required if there are peace and cooperation.
Every person has natural rights such as the right to life, liberty, health
5
and property.
Achieving virtue and acquiring a sense of self-identity require
6
social interaction and working with others,
Science of sociology should be dynamic, a process by which societies
7
change, and static, a process by which societies endure.
The role of the government is to be the servant of the citizens and
8
protect peoples’ natural rights.
Intersubjectivity is the interchange of thoughts and feelings between
9
two persons or subjects.
Society needs scientific knowledge based on facts and evidence to
10
solve its problems not speculation and superstition.

23
 Let Us Reflect

Activity 7 My role in the society

Directions: Jot down five roles and five values on the following social institutions.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

What are the values or virtues

What are the roles that you want
Social that you need to show while
to perform in this social
Institutions performing your roles in this
institution?
social institution?

Example: As a teacher, I want to perform the As a teacher, I need to discipline myself

assigned tasks that are given to me by so that I can perform my tasks properly.
the company. Such as to render my Show respect to my supervisors, co-
work eight hours a day in a week; be teachers, students and parents; show
punctual in coming to school and dedication and commitment to my work.
educate my students based on the Be flexible at all times since there are
assigned subjects. Do paper works situations that I need to adjust for the
Workplace that are related to my teaching career welfare of the students and the school
like compute grades of my students as well. Show honesty and integrity
fairly. Conduct consultations regarding while checking the outputs of my
students’ performance and students, showing patience in
achievements; conduct parents’ conducting the class and dealing with
conference; and show respect to the my students’ behavior, and showing
administration, co-employees, students punctuality in submitting documents
and parents. and reports.

1. FAMILY

2. CHURCH

3. SCHOOL

4. BARANGAY

SCORING RUBRIC

CRITERIA RATING
Five roles are stated clearly and accurately.
Ideas are logical and persuasive. 1 2 3 4 5
Grammar, punctuation, and spelling are followed.
Five values or virtues are stated clearly and accurately.
Ideas are logical and persuasive. 1 2 3 4 5
Grammar, punctuation, and spelling are followed.
Total of 10 Points every social institution

24
 25
Let us try Let us try Let us Let us
Activity # 1 Activity # 2 practice practice more
Activity # 3 Activity # 4
Answers may 1. C 1. A 1. B
vary based on 2. E 2. B 2. B
students’ 3. G 3. D 3. A
experiences. 4. F 4. A 4. A
5. A 5. E 5. B
6. B 6. B 6. A
Evaluate their 7. D 7. C 7. B
answers based 8. A 8. C 8. A
on the scoring 9. E 9. D 9. B
rubric. 10. G 10. A 10. A
11. F 11. D 11. A
12. B 12. E 12. B
13. D 13. C 13. A
14. C 14. B 14. B
15. F 15. B 15. B
Let us Let us assess Let us Let us reflect
remember enhance Activity # 7
Activity # 5 1. D Activity # 6
2. C
3. A Answers may
Answers may 4. C 1. F vary based on
vary based on 5. C 2. F students’
students’ 6. A 3. D thoughts.
thoughts. 7. C 4. D
8. D 5. E
9. A 6. A Evaluate their
Evaluate their 10. B 7. C answers based
answers based 11. B 8. E on the scoring
on the scoring 12. D 9. B rubric.
rubric. 13. A 10. C
14. C
15. D
Answer key to Activities
 References

Abella, Roberto. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Quezon City:
C & E Publishing, Inc., 2016. Pages 112 – 123

Ramos, Christine Carmela R. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person.

Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2016. Pages 140 – 159

Roa, Laurel K. Illustrations on Human Person in the Society. 2020

Auguste Comte. Accessed October 16, 2020.

www.sociologylearners.com

Barangay. Accessed October 21, 2020.

www.dilg.gov.ph

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (IEP). Social Contract Theory

Accessed October 23, 2020

Rural and Urban Society, Accessed October 26, 2020.

https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/

Social Contract Theory. Accessed October 23, 2020.

https://couses.lumenlearning.com/

Social Institutions. Accessed October 21, 2020.

https://en.wikipedia.org/
https://www.tandfonline.com/

26
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Davao City Division

Elpidio Quirino Ave., Poblacion District, Davao City, 8000 Davao del Sur

Telefax: (082) 224-3274, (082) 222-1672

E-mail Address: [email protected]

27