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    4 Waveguide Study

    Uploaded by

    Saransh Maheshwari
    This document describes an experiment to measure wavelength, guided wavelength, and frequency using a waveguide test bench. Key steps include: 1) Measuring wavelength, guided wavelength, and frequency by tuning a probe along a slotted waveguide and noting minimum deflection positions. 2) Calculating guided wavelength from the distance between minima. 3) Measuring the waveguide dimension to calculate cutoff wavelength. 4) Plotting ω-β to observe the relationship between angular frequency and propagation constant.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 Waveguide Study

    Uploaded by

    Saransh Maheshwari
    42 views5 pages
    This document describes an experiment to measure wavelength, guided wavelength, and frequency using a waveguide test bench. Key steps include: 1) Measuring wavelength, guided wavelength, and frequency by tuning a probe along a slotted waveguide and noting minimum deflection positions. 2) Calculating guided wavelength from the distance between minima. 3) Measuring the waveguide dimension to calculate cutoff wavelength. 4) Plotting ω-β to observe the relationship between angular frequency and propagation constant.

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    This document describes an experiment to measure wavelength, guided wavelength, and frequency using a waveguide test bench. Key steps include: 1) Measuring wavelength, guided wavelength, and frequency by tuning a probe along a slotted waveguide and noting minimum deflection positions. 2) Calculating guided wavelength from the distance between minima. 3) Measuring the waveguide dimension to calculate cutoff wavelength. 4) Plotting ω-β to observe the relationship between angular frequency and propagation constant.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    42 views5 pages

    4 Waveguide Study

    Uploaded by

    Saransh Maheshwari
    This document describes an experiment to measure wavelength, guided wavelength, and frequency using a waveguide test bench. Key steps include: 1) Measuring wavelength, guided wavelength, and frequency by tuning a probe along a slotted waveguide and noting minimum deflection positions. 2) Calculating guided wavelength from the distance between minima. 3) Measuring the waveguide dimension to calculate cutoff wavelength. 4) Plotting ω-β to observe the relationship between angular frequency and propagation constant.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    EC-7001: Microwave Engineering Laboratory Experiment no- 4

    Experiment Title: Measurement of wavelength, Guided Page 1 of 5


    wave length and Frequency using Waveguide test bench
    (WR-90). Calculation of broad wall dimension of
    waveguide & ω-β plot

    Experiment no- 4

    1. Objective (s):
    Measurement of Wavelength, Guided wave length and Frequency using
    Waveguide test bench (WR-90). Calculation of broad wall dimension of waveguide
    and plot ω-β.

    2. Theory:
    The (reaction cavity type) frequency meter shown intended for moderate
    accuracy applications in microwave measurement and is actually best for
    the purpose. Since these permit the power flow down the transmission
    line except at the précised tuned frequency. For dominant TE10 mode
    rectangular wave-guide λ0, λg, and λc are related as below:

    1/ λ02 = 1/ λg2 + 1/ λc2


    Where λ0 is free space wavelength
    λg is guide wavelength
    λc is cutoff wavelength
    For TE10 mode λc = 2a where ‘a’ is broad dimension of waveguide.

    For ω-β plot, where ω=2πf and β=2π / λg .


    Where f is the frequency of operation.

    3. Block Diagram:

    Department of Electronics Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering
    Medi-Caps University
    1
    EC-7001: Microwave Engineering Laboratory Experiment no- 4

    Experiment Title: Measurement of wavelength, Guided Page 2 of 5


    wave length and Frequency using Waveguide test bench
    (WR-90). Calculation of broad wall dimension of
    waveguide & ω-β plot

    4. Apparatus/Components Required:

    1. Gunn power supply GS-610


    2. Gunn oscillator- XG-11
    3. Pin modulator- XM-55
    4. Isolator- XI-621
    5. Frequency meter- XF-455
    6. Variable Attenuator- XA-520
    7. Slotted line- XS-651
    8. VSWR meter- SW-115
    9. Movable Short- XT-481
    10. BNC and TNC cable.

    5. Procedures:

    1. Initially set the variable attenuator (XA-520) for minimum


    attenuation.
    2. Keep the control knobs of Gunn power supply as below

    Department of Electronics Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering
    Medi-Caps University
    2
    EC-7001: Microwave Engineering Laboratory Experiment no- 4

    Experiment Title: Measurement of wavelength, Guided Page 3 of 5


    wave length and Frequency using Waveguide test bench
    (WR-90). Calculation of broad wall dimension of
    waveguide & ω-β plot

    a. Meter switch ‘OFF’


    b. Gunn bias knob ‘FULLY ANTICLOCKWISE’.
    c. PIN bias knob ‘FULLY ANTICLOCKWISE’.
    d. PIN mode frequency ‘ANY POSITION’.

    3. Keep the control knobs of VSWR meter as below


    a. Meter switch ‘NORMAL’.
    b. Input switch ‘LOW IMPEDANCE’.
    c. Range dB switch ‘40 dB’.
    d. Gain control knob ‘FULLY CLOCKWISE’.

    4. Set the micrometer of Gunn oscillator for required frequency


    of operation.
    5. Switch on the Gunn power supply, VSWR meter and cooling
    fan.
    6. Turn the meter switch of Gunn power supply to voltage
    position.
    7. Increase the Gunn bias control knob and set it at 9.5 volt
    maximum.
    8. Rotate PIN bias knob to around maximum position.
    9. Tune the output in the VSWR meter through frequency control
    knob of modulation.
    10. If required then change the range of dB switch of VSWR
    meter. Any level can be set through variable attenuator and
    gain control knob of VSWR meter.
    11. Tune the probe for maximum deflection in VSWR meter.
    12. Tune frequency meter knob to get a ‘dip’ on the VSWR scale
    and note down the frequency directly from frequency meter.

    6. Observation:

    Department of Electronics Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering
    Medi-Caps University
    3
    EC-7001: Microwave Engineering Laboratory Experiment no- 4

    Experiment Title: Measurement of wavelength, Guided Page 4 of 5


    wave length and Frequency using Waveguide test bench
    (WR-90). Calculation of broad wall dimension of
    waveguide & ω-β plot

    1. Move the probe along the slotted line. The deflection in VSWR
    meter will vary. Move the probe minimum deflection position to
    get accurate reading. If necessary increase the VSWR meter
    range dB switch to higher position. Note and record the probe
    position.
    2. Move the probe to next minimum position and record the probe
    position again.
    3. Calculate the guide wavelength as twice the distance between two
    successive minima positions obtained above.
    4. Measure the waveguide inner board dimension, ‘a’ which will be
    around 22.86 mm for X-band.
    5. Calculate the λc by using the following equation

    f/c = 1/λ0 = √ (1/ λg2 + 1/ λc2).

    6. Rotate the micrometer of Gunn oscillator two revolutions


    clockwise and follow the above procedure for atleast 10 different
    frequencies.
    7. Plot ω-β plot.

    7. Experimental Data:

    SL. First Second D1-D2=λg/2 Measured Calculated a=λc/2 Error


    NO Minima Minima Frequency
    (D1) (D2) (f0)
    1
    2
    3

    8. Precautionary Measure to be taken:

    Department of Electronics Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering
    Medi-Caps University
    4
    EC-7001: Microwave Engineering Laboratory Experiment no- 4

    Experiment Title: Measurement of wavelength, Guided Page 5 of 5


    wave length and Frequency using Waveguide test bench
    (WR-90). Calculation of broad wall dimension of
    waveguide & ω-β plot

    1. Before switch ON the Gunn power supply Keep the control knobs
    of Gunn power supply as below:
    i. Meter switch ‘OFF’
    ii. Gunn bias knob ‘FULLY ANTICLOCKWISE’.
    iii. PIN bias knob ‘FULLY ANTICLOCKWISE’.
    iv. PIN mode frequency ‘ANY POSITION’.

    2. Don’t keep frequency meter in tuned condition for more than 30


    second detuned immediately.

    8. Some Sample questions:

    i. Why is the guide wavelength different from the free space


    wavelength?
    ii. Why are electromagnetic fields rather than voltage/current
    considered in waveguide?
    iii. How does the probe couple the fields within a waveguide and
    what are various types of coupling?
    iv. Why TEM Wave cannot propagate in Waveguide?
    v. What is the Dominant mode in a rectangular waveguide?
    vi. If a<b then what is the dominant mode for TE wave?

    Department of Electronics Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering
    Medi-Caps University
    5

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