CAMARINES NORTE COLLEGE, INC.

Maharlika Hi-way, Brgy. Anahaw, Labo, Camarines

History of Badminton
Badminton evolved from a similar game called battledore played in fifth-century B.C. China. The people in China then
played a game called ti jian zi. A direct translation from this word 'ti jian zi' is kicking the shuttle. As the name suggests, the
objective of the game is to keep the shuttle from hitting the ground without using hand. Whether this sport has anything to do
with the history of Badminton is up for debate. It was, however, the first game that used a Shuttle.
About five centuries later, a game named battledore and shuttlecock was
played in China, Japan, India and Greece. This is a game where you use the
battledore (a paddle) to hit the shuttlecock back and forth. By the 16th century, it
has children become a popular game among in England. In Europe this game was
known as jeu de volant to them. In the 1860s, a game named poona was played in
India. This game is much like the Battledore and Shuttlecock but with an added net.
The British army learned this game in India and took the equipment back to England
during the 1870s.
The game we all know as badminton began in the 19th century (1870) and
was named by the Duke of Beaufort after the Badminton House in Gloucestershire.
The International Badminton Federation now has its base in Gloucestershire.
In England, there had long been a children's game known as "battledore and shuttlecock". Players used a paddle,
called a battledore, to keep a cork stuffed with feathers, called a shuttlecock, in the air for as long as possible. This game had
been popular since medieval times. The modern version had migrated somehow to India and then back again.
England played the same badminton rules as India until 1887. The Bath Badminton Club standardized the rules and
regulations, making the game more inclined towards the English ideas of how the game should be played. The Badminton
Association of England published the first set of rules in line with the new regulations in 1893 and officially launched the game
of badminton. The All England Open Badminton Championships began in 1899 and were the world's first badminton
competition.
In 1934 the International Badminton Federation (IBF), which is now known as the Badminton World Federation, was
established. England, France, Canada, Denmark, Netherlands, New Zealand, Ireland, Scotland and Wales were the first
members. In 1936 India joined as an affiliate. Globally, the Badminton World Federation (BWF) governs and promotes the
sport.
The history of badminton in the United States began with the first badminton club, the Badminton Club of New York,
founded in 1878. The game flourished in the 1930s when places such as the YMCA and educational institutions began offering
badminton instruction. Badminton became a popular pastime for many Hollywood stars including James Cagney, Bette Davis,
Ginger Rogers and Douglas Fairbanks, which also helped to promote the sport in the 1930s.
The different badminton groups throughout the United States got together to standardize the rules and regulations of
the game in 1936. 1937 saw the first ABA championships and a year later it became a member of the International Badminton
Federation.
The United States singles player, David Freeman, won the All England World Championships in 1949, while the All
England World Championship doubles were won the same year by the American players Clinton and Patsy Stevens, although
the All- England Championships were considered the unofficial world championships until 1977.
 Between 1949 and 1967, the United States won 23 world championships and much acclaimed success in world
rankings.

Although the history of badminton originated in England this international sport has been largely dominated by Asian countries
and Denmark over the last few decades. Countries including South Korea, Malaysia, China and Indonesia have all produced
world class players. China is currently the strongest badminton country, winning many major championships consistently over
the last few years.

Badminton 101
Nature and Purpose of the Game
Badminton is a racket game played by two (singles) or four (doubles) players on a rectangular court. The object is to
serve with speed or the shuttle strategically and thereafter direct accuracy to an unprotected point on the opponent's court so
that the opponent is unable to return the shuttle across the net or into the proper boundaries of the court area. Likewise, the
opponent attempts to prevent the shuttle from falling to the court on his side of the net and to return it to an unprotected spot
in his opponent's court.
EQUIPMENT
1. Rackets and Shuttles
Any racket can be used for beginner or school groups. The more rackets you
have in a session the better one per person is ideal but not necessary. Make sure the
players take care of your equipment as badminton rackets can break easily. For small
children there are also available shorter stringed area L head -throat T shaft handle
handled rackets to assist with hitting the shuttle. Lighter rackets are easier to use for
all levels and tighter strings will help with the power.
There are two types of shuttles - plastic and feather. The plastic shuttle is
heavier, flies differently but lasts a lot longer than the feather, ideal for school groups, outside use and beginners. It can also
be used for training sessions if feather shuttles are hard to come by or conditions are better suited. The feather shuttle is used
for most official tournaments. It is much lighter and players are able to hit a wider range of shots but the feathers break easily
and the shuttle will not last as long as the plastic.
2. Court and Net
 Court Size: 20 feet wide by 44 feet long for doubles, 17 feet wide by 44 feet long for singles. Service court being 6
½ feet from net.
Net height: 5 feet high and 5 feet 1 inch at posts, the net line marks the middle of the court where the net is placed,
creating a 6.1 meters by 20 feet area on each side of the net.
Most of the time, nets and posts are not available. This isn't a problem, many basic lessons and techniques can be
done without nets. But you can compromise by using other materials e.g. a rope across the whole area tied to the wall.
BADMINTON TERMINOLOGIES:
1. Side out - loss of service.
2. Fault - a violation of the rules.
3. Birdie - shuttlecock.
4. Let - serve hitting the top of the net and landing in the proper court, a serve retake.
5. Match - winning 2 out of 3 games.
6. Rally - a sequence of one or more strokes starting with the service, until the shuttle ceases to be in play.
7. In side - team serving.
8. Outside - the team receiving.
9. Odd and Even Courts - In singles: At the beginning of the game and when the score is even, the server serves from the
right service court. When it is odd, the server serves from the left service court. If the server wins a rally, the server scores
a point and then serves again from alternate service court. If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver scores a point and
becomes the new server.
10. Game Scoring - Played to 21. The side winning a rally adds a point to its score. At 20 all, the side which gains a 2-point
lead first, wins that game. At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins the game. The side winning a game serves first
in the next game.

Badminton Techniques
A. Forehand Grip
To adopt the forehand grip, you should 'shake hands'
with your racket. When holding the racket out in front of you, the
racket should be parallel with the floor with the racket head
angled vertically. The 'V' produced between your finger and
thumb should be on top of the racket handle. The grip should be
relaxed, the fingers will tighten on the handle just before impact
with the shuttle - the greater the power needed the tighter the
grip.
B. Backhand Grip
To use the backhand grip, your thumb must sit on the flat
part of the racket handle (you must be able to see the strings). The
grip must be loose to enable the thumb to guide the racket through
the shot. The racket should be held in your fingers, not your palm.
Your fingers and thumb should be used to control the racket and
for power.

C. High Serve (Single Serve)

The aim of the high serve is to get the shuttle as high and as far back in the court as possible.
Here are the steps:
1. Forehand grip to be used.
2. Face the direction to serve, stand side on with non-racket
leg forward. (Right handed players have left leg forward)
3. Hold the shuttle with your other hand (right handed
players hold shuttle with left), above the level of your
waist in front of your body.
4. Hold the racket up ready to serve.
5. Swing the racket, dropping the shuttle onto the racket to
make contact.
6. Follow through in the intended direction of the shuttle
ending up with your racket over your opposite shoulder.
7. Ensure to transfer weight from racket leg to non-racket
leg during the serve.
8. It is important that the hand holding the shuttle be held high as this will help making the shuttle go higher.
9. If contact is difficult - restrict the swing e.g. smaller distance to the shuttle.
10. In a game of singles, to serve the player should stand approximately 1m from the front service line and serve on
the diagonal.
NOTE: It is a fault serve if you slide or lift your feet during a serve.

D. Doubles Serve (Back Hand)

The aim of this doubles serve is to serve as low to the net and as close to the short single line as possible. You can
use either a forehand or backhand grip, but the easiest to learn for beginners and new players and the most consistent
is the backhand serve. Here are the steps:

1. Use the backhand grip.

 2. Stand close to the short service line, in a comfortable position. There are players who like to stand with left
foot forward, some right foot, some face on to the net.
3. Have the racket against the body - below the waist line.
4. Hold the shuttle at the top by the feather in front of the racket head.
5. Using the fingers and thumb, push the shuttle flat over the net, keeping the strings aimed in a flat line so the
serve does not go too high.
6. On contact, point the strings in the direction they want the serve to go.
7. If you hold the racket too tight, the shuttle will go too high and far.

E. Return of Service
In singles - players should stand in the middle of the area to be served into. In doubles, he player can stand a little
closer towards the service line. The player must then be ready to move fast towards the shuttle as soon as the serve is hit.
The ideal position is to stand with your legs positioned with your non- racket leg in front (left leg for right handers). Have your
knees bent so you are ready to move with your racket up so you can react quicker to the serve.
F. Positioning for Serving
In men's or ladies' doubles, the server will stand close to the service line and their partner should stand in the middle of
the court behind the server so they are ready to cover the back of the court.
In mixed doubles it is normal for the lady to stand in front of her partner on the service line when he is serving. She is
then able to cover the front more effectively.
When the lady is serving, the man can stand the same as in doubles - behind the server in the middle of the court. Also
when the pair is receiving, the partner should stand behind the receiver in the middle of the court.
Receiving for the lady is the same positioning for doubles, but when the man is receiving the lady can stand just behind
or alongside him so that both players are not standing at the front of the court and they are ready to cover the entire court.
Players must always have their knees bent and ready to move.
G. Overhead Shot
There are three kinds of overhead shots:
1. Clear
 The clear is one of 4 overhead strokes played with the forehand grip - the others are the smash, drop and the snap. The
aim is to produce these shots in the same way so that the opponent cannot pick which shot is going to be played until the last
split second.
The action for the overhead can be broken down to 4 easy steps and is almost exactly the same as the throwing
action, for example, throwing a ball from the outfield in cricket.
This action is natural for some players. It is very useful with beginners to practice the throwing action using the
shuttle. These are the steps:
a. Stand side on to the net, with elbows and upper arm parallel to the ground, racket head above the head. Right-
handers will have their left shoulder pointing towards the net. This position is important to produce the power of the
shot.
b. Bring the elbow through high and close to the head, at the same time thrusting the hip forward.
c. Reach up high with the racket to make contact with the shuttle, making sure they make contact in front of the head.
Swing hard, making the shuttle go to the back of the court.
d. Follow through with the racket and step forward.

2. Drop Shot
The aim of the drop shot is to bring the opponent in close to the net so they have to lunge down low to retrieve the
shuttle. Use the same preparation steps as the clear but:
a. At the last split second, take the power out of the shot by slowing the arm action and by keeping the grip relaxed.
b. The contact point with the shuttle is slightly further forward than the clear, to make the angle of the shot in a
downwards position.
c. The player should aim to land the drop approximately on the short service line, close to the net, so in a match the
opponent would have to move a long way to the net to retrieve the shot.

3. Smash
The smash is the most powerful and dynamic shot. It is an attacking shot that is used a lot to put the opponent under
pressure and to win rallies.
a. Once again the preparation for the smash is the same for all overheads.
b. You should only attempt a smash when you can make contact with the shuttle in
front of you, so the shuttle will go in a downward angle and with power to the
ground and your body moving forward.
c. Side on preparation and bent knees are important to generate the power as is
the elbow and hip coming through towards the net.
d. As you make contact with the shuttle, you need to use your forearm and wrist to
snap down to get the power and angle.

H. Net Shots
The aim of a net shot is to play the shuttle as close as possible to the net so that it is difficult to return. It is not so important
to keep the shuttle flat in its trajectory over the net - it is more important for it to be close to the net (tight).
 1. Stand facing the net with your racket leg is forward, posture
slightly forward.
2. Racket is level with the top of the net (if possible) elbow
bent, relaxed grip.
3. Use the fingers and wrist to initiate the striking movement -
it is important not to use your arm.
4. Racket face is slightly facing forward to the net.
5. Slice under the shuttle (use your fingers not arm for this
action).
6. For the backhand net shot, the grip is changed but above
actions are the same using your thumb and fingers for the
action.
Here is the footwork for this shot.
7. It is important to have practised this shot many times with adding the footwork.
8. From the base - chasse forward then lunge with racket leg extended out towards the shuttle.
9. Practice one corner at a time, when the player has successfully completed one corner then move on to the next, then
combine the two corners.
10. Timing for the feeding is important.
I. Net Lift
The net lift is played with either the forehand or the backhand and aims to land the shuttle in the tramlines at the back
of the court
1. The idea is to hit the shuttle as early as possible on your of the net using as little swing as necessary to keep control
side of the shot.
2. The racket foot is forward and the weight transfers from the non-racket foot to the racket foot as the shot is played.
3. Using mainly your forearm with a small swing, hit the shuttle following through in the direction the shuttle is intended
to travel.
4. Don't get too close to the shuttle or the shot will be too cramped and lacking in power.

J. Defense Block
The basic technique for defense - this is used more in doubles and mixed doubles.

1. Backhand grip to be used with the racket head pointing at 11 o'clock position (or 1'oclock for left handers).
2. Your body position is important face the net with both your shoulders and feet square on to the net. The easiest and
often the most effective way of returning at smash is to play a block just over the net. The idea is to take the pace off
the smash and just block the shuttle so it lands inside the short service line and makes it very difficult for the opposition
to keep attacking.
3. It is important to have a very relaxed grip.
4. A small movement of the racket is required - no arm,
To Defend by Hitting the Shuttle to the Back of the Court.
1. Grips and stance as above.
2. Knees bent and on your toes - as you hit the shuttle you will straighten your legs to get power and direction.
3. For the shot you must lead with your elbow and flick your wrist through towards the shuttle.
4. This action is short and fast - make sure you hit high with your arm and follow through with your racket.
K. Drives
A drive shot is a hard flat shot from half court to half court. This is a good shot for beginners to start with to practice contact
with the shuttle.

1. For the shot to be hit flat to the net, the contact point for the racket and shuttle is about the same height as the top of
the net.
2. Have the players in half court (one player vs one player) stand with the body facing the net with the racket head up
and facing in the direction they want the shuttle to go.
3. Ensure that only the forearm is used for this shot not the arm.
4. Use a loose grip so the racket easily can play this shot back and forth.
 5. The aim is to make the shuttle go flat to the net so on contact with the shuttle the racket head needs to be flat and
pointing towards the other side of the net.
6. Progress then on to drive out the side of the body hitting on the forehand and backhand sides.
L. Footwork
a. Stance
An effective stance will enable players to move quickly from the base (the
central position of the court the player starts from and returns to between shots) in any
direction. Players should be ready to move quickly.
Important Points to Remember:
1. Player should stand facing forward to the net.
2. Feet should be at least a shoulders' width apart.
3. Racket foot slightly further forward.
4. Heels off the ground with knees bent.
5. Trunk leaning slightly forward.
6. Racket in front and parallel to the ground.
b. Movements
At the beginner level of badminton, it is not important to spend a lot of time to teach new players how to do proper
footwork. However, there are a few important points that a player should be aware of,
1. Singles - the player must come back to the middle of the court (base) ready for the next shot - with the correct
STANCE (see above).
2. The steps around the court are called chasse.

Front of Court
 a. To move to the front is simply - chasse from the base then a lunge.
b. The lunge to the shuttle is to be with the racket foot (right foot for right-handers, left foot for left-handers) - reach
forward with the racket.
c. It is important to keep your balance at all times..
d. For the backhand - you also lunge with your hitting foot.
e. To prevent injury, ensure when lunging that your knee is in line with your big toe and doesn't go forward over your
foot if not this can cause knee problems. Always point your foot towards the shuttle, this also helps to be able to
recover from the lunge. –
Back of Court

a. Footwork to the back is also done with chasse steps, turning side onto hit the shuttle.
b. Round the head footwork (in the backhand corner) is completed with rotation of the feet to make it easier for the
player to return to the middle of the court, landing on your non-hitting foot to push off back to the base.
c. Overhead in the forehand corner is usually with no rotation. Chase from the base then jump out to the forehand
cornes landing on your racket leg then push back to the base.
Side of Court

To move to the side of the court to reach a smash or half-court shot is the same movement/ footwork as to the front - fast
small chasse and lunge.
a. Lead with your racket to move towards the shuttle with a large wide lunge.
b. If lunging down for a smash, keep your body low and balanced.
c. Push your racket out towards the direction of the shuttle.
d. During the lunge, point your foot towards where the shuttle is hit.
Everybody is different and has different abilities - therefore, some footwork will be slightly different for players but the basics
are the same. With large groups, it is possible to have many players on each court to practice footwork.
General Rules/Regulations
1. Serving
a. The server must keep both feet in contact with the floor at the time of the serve.
b. The bird must be contacted below the waist.
c. The racket head must be below the server's wrist.
d. The server should not serve until the receiver is ready; the opponent is deemed ready if a return is attempted.
e. Partners of the server and receiver may stand any where on the court providing they do not obstruct the opponent's
view.
f. A bird that touches the net on the serve and goes into the proper service court is legal.
g. If the server misses the bird on the serve attempt, it still counts. In singles and doubles the serve would go to the
opponent. The serve is lost to the opponent.
2. Serving Order - Singles .
a. The first serve of the game and all following serves, when the server's score is an even number, are made from the
right service court.
b. All serves, when the server's score is an odd number, are made from the left service court.
c. When a rally is lost, the receiving player becomes the server and scores a point.
3. Serving Order - Doubles
 a. There is only one server in doubles.
b. At the beginning of the game and when the score is EVEN, the server serves from the RIGHT COURT. When the
score is ODD, the server serves from the LEFT COURT.
c. If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point and the same person serves again from the alternate
court. d. If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The receiving side becomes the new
serving side.
d. The players do not change their respective service courts until they win a point when their side is serving. You only
change sides of the court, from left to right, when your team has scored while serving.
4. The winners of the first game serve first in the next game.
5. Birds falling on the lines are considered good.
6. During a rally, a bird that touches the net and goes over is in play.
7. A fault (violation of rules) occurs if:
a. On the service, any part of the racket head is higher than the server's wrist and contact is made above the waist.
b. The service fails to cross the net or go into the proper service court.
c. The feet of the server and receiver are not in the proper courts at time of service.
d. The server hesitates or stops (feint/balk) the service motion or misses the bird.
e. f. The improper receiver returns the bird on the serve.
f. A bird hit into the net, under the net, against the wall or ceiling is out-of-bounds.
g. A player hits the bird before it crosses the net.
h. The bird touches a player or clothing.
i. The player touches the net while the bird is in play.
j. The bird is hit twice in succession by one/both partners.
k. The bird is held, caught, or carried on the racket when struck.
l. A player obstructs an opponent.
8. Let (a play allowed to be replayed)
a. The bird becomes caught in or on the net after passing over the net.
b. The bird hits the basketball supports or net.
B. The following situations occur before the next serve and if the offending side wins the rally:

c.1. The correct server serves from the wrong court.

c.2. The wrong server serves from either the correct/incorrect service court.
c.3. The correct receiver receives in the wrong court.

Scoring Games
Since January 2006, World Badminton Federation changed the scoring system so now points are scored after all rallies. Games are
played to 21 with advantage of 2 and breaks are only at 11 or 21. Below is a basic explanation for the new scoring system.
Simplified New Rally Points Scoring System Scoring System
1. A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points.
2. The side winning a rally adds a point to its score.
3. At 20 all, the side which gains a 2-point lead first, wins that game.
4. At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game.
5. The side winning a game serves first in the next game.
Intervals and Change of Ends
 1. When the leading score reaches 11 points, players have a 60-second interval.
2. A 2-minute interval between each game is allowed.
3. In the third game, players change ends when a side scores 11 points.
Singles
1. At the beginning of the game and when the score is even, the server serves from the right service court. When it is odd, the
server serves from the left service court.
2. If the server wins a rally, the server scores a point and then serves again from alternate service court. 3. If the receiver
wins a rally, the receiver scores a point and becomes the new server. Doubles 1. There is only one serve in doubles.
2. At the beginning of the game and when the score is even, the server serves from the right court. When it is odd, the
server serves from the left court.
3. If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point and the same server serves again from the alternate
service court.
4. If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The receiving side becomes the new serving side.
5. The player of the receiving side who served last stays in the same service court from where he served last. The reverse
pattern applies to the receiver's partner.
6. The players do not change their respective service courts until they win a point when their side is serving.
7. If players commit an error in the service court, the error is corrected when the mistake is discovered.
Safety/Etiquette
1. Keep a firm grip on the racket.
2. Be careful not to hit your partner with the racket.
3. Stay in your own court to avoid the possibility of collision with other players.
4. Stop play if other players enter your court.
5. Wait until there is a stop in the action to retrieve a bird from another court.
6. Be aware of the walls and the net posts.
7. Before play, agree on the boundaries and determine the first server.
8. Players call their own lines; replay the point if in doubt.
9. Shake hands after the game/match.
Badminton is an extremely demanding sport. At an elite level, players are often required to perform at their limits of speed,
agility, flexibility, endurance and strength. On top of all of this, players must maintain a high state of concentration in order to
meet the tactical / mental demands of dealing with their opponents. The varied potential stresses of competitive play are
considerable. It is therefore essential that everyone involved with the modern game ought to be familiar with the fitness
(physiological) requirements of the game and how 'badminton fitness' can be enhanced.

Physiological 'Description' of the Sport

Badminton is a highly complex sport and this presents great challenges for players and coaches of all levels. An
individual rally is a series of demanding movements performed using a movement pattern which is unique compared with any
other sport. Rally length is often short (average for elite players is around 6-8 seconds) and, consequently, performed at very
high intensity. However, players must also be prepared for long rallies. Rallies are interspersed with short rest periods (typical
duration around 15 seconds) which allow partial recovery from the previous rally. However, competitive matches may last at
least 45 minutes. So, badminton is a combination of speed (anaerobic fitness) in rallies and endurance (aerobic fitness) to
allow sustained efforts and to promote recovery between rallies. Great strength, power, agility and flexibility are also required.
All of these fitness components should form part of a player's fitness training. Additionally, the development of tactical and
technical elements is, of course, also vital. With all of these types of training, an understanding of the principles of fitness
training from a general point of view is essential.