THE SOCIAL MENACE OF DRUG

ADDICTION
  At the end of the Chapter, the
students are expected to:
1. Define Drug and Drug
addiction
2. Enumerate some common
Objectives illegal substances and their
adverse effects on the user
3. Express commitment to the
prevention and fight against
drug addiction
Overview
 In ancient Egypt, physicians
prescribed berries and figs;
and dates mixed with
Castor oil- use as laxatives.
 Chinese and Greeks used
opium for its pain- relieving
property.
 Hindus resorted to Cannabis
and henbane leaves as
anesthetic, used as
medicine but contains
poisonous chemicals.
 1. Clinical definition
Drugs is a therapeutic substance other
than food used in the prevention,
diagnosis, alleviation, treatment, or
cure of disease in humans or animals.
2. General definition
Drugs is a substance aside from food
intended to affect the structures or
function of a physiological system like
the human body.
3. Popular definition
1. Definition of Drug refers mainly to chemical or
plant-derived substance that affect

Terms the body’s psychological, behavioral,

or physical functions and leads to
varying degrees or dependence or
addiction.
Source: PDEA pdea.gov.ph
 DRUG ADDICTION –pertains to dependency on drugs.
 A chronic, relapsing brain disease characterized
by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite
harmful consequences, that manifests in a
withdrawal syndrome from abrupt cessation
(stop, end).
 n) Drug Dependence. – As based on the World Health
Organization definition, it is a cluster of physiological,
behavioral and cognitive phenomena of variable
intensity, in which the use of psychoactive drug takes
on a high priority thereby involving, among others, a

1. Definition of
strong desire or a sense of compulsion to take the
substance and the difficulties in controlling substance-
taking behavior in terms of its onset, termination, or
levels of use. (REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165)

Terms 


DRUG ABUSE
Is a generic term for the use of illegal substances
or legal substances used in a disapproved
manner, such as alcohol intoxication or non-
medical use of prescription drugs.
 “When drugs are used in a manner or amount
inconsistent with the medical or social patterns
of a culture, it is called drug abuse.”
 Source: Abadinsky, 2014, p.4
 1. Prohibited Drugs- which include all
the drugs that produce
psychological effects of narcotics
or those that relieve pain or
induce sleep such as cocaine,

2.Classification LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide),

marijuana, opium and its
derivatives, etc.
of Dangerous 2. Regulated Drugs- which include
self- inducing sedatives
Drugs like barbiturates, amphetamines, or
other hypnotic drugs
or compounds producing the same
psychological effects.
 1. HALLUCINOGENS- are drugs
which affect sensation,
thinking, self-awareness, and
emotion.

3. Common  Changes in time and space

perception, delusions (false

Drugs
beliefs) and hallucinations ma
be mild or overwhelming,
depending on dose and
quantity of drugs.
 Ex. LSD - Lysergic acid
diethylamide
 LSD - Lysergic acid Adverse Effects
HALLUCINOGENS 

diethylamide  Vivid hallucinations,

confusion, and blurring of
 A synthetic alkaloid sound, taste, touch and
substance extracted smell sensations.
from a fungus which  Decreasing ability to
grows on rye, wheat, perceive danger and to
make sensible judgements.
and other grains.
 Acute anxiety and
 Street name: white depression
sugar, wedding bells,  Impaired memory
brain eater, Cubes
 Dilated pupils; flushed face;
increases blood pressure,
nausea, profuse sweating,
rapid heartbeats
 Adverse Effects
NARCOTICS- HEROINE- is an alkaloid
 

derived from morphine.  Tracks ( hypodermic

are drugs It is a white, off white, needle marks)
or brown crystalline Smallness of pupil’s eyes
that relieve

powder.  Slurring of speech
pain and  Street name: sugar,  Bluish discolorations of skin,
non-oxidation of blood
often induce kabayo, kengko,
pulbos, sapsap,  Dry skin, pale and brittle
sleep. Blanco, brown
nails
 Dry mouth; lowered blood
pressure
 Infrequent utination
 Constipation
 MORPHINE-the
NARCOTICS- 
principal active
 Adverse Effects
Initial reaction is
are drugs component of opium. 
The word comes from unpleasant to most
that relieve the name of the Greek people, but calming
God of dreams supersedes and,
pain and “Morpeus”. It comes in depending on dose,
white crystalline
often induce powder, light porous
may progress to coma
and death from
sleep. cubes, or small white
tablets.
respiratory failure.

 Street name: M,
dreamer, emma,
emsel, pulbos
 ALCOHOL- beer, whisky, gin, BARBIRTURATES- made from
SEDATIVES-
 
brandy, wine barbiturates acid called
barbs. Prescribed to induce
.are drugs  Sedative hypnotics such as
tranquilizers, sleeping pills, sleep or in small doses, to
provide a calming effect.
which may and sedatives that can slow
down body functions Legally restricted to
prescription only.
reduce  Street name: Lily, bala ,
Adverse Effects
anxiety and  Impair mental and physical
downers, yellow jackets,
blue heavens
excitement. 
functions
Sedation
 Adverse Effects
 Lead to sluggishness,
 Increases risk for heart attack gloominess, quarrelsome
and stroke
 Sedation, coma, and death
 May lead to cancer of the from respiratory failure
esophagus, intestines,
pancreas, thyroid  Death from overdose
 CAFFIENE- slightly bitter COCAINE- an extraction from coca
STIMULANTS-
 
bush leaves, The Andes natives
alkaloid or methylxanthine chew the leaves for relief from
in coffee, cola, tea, cocoa,
are drugs
fatigue and a refreshment from
soft drinks, & over the work at high altitudes. Cocaine is
white, made of shiny colorless
counter medications.
which Adverse Effects
crystals that look like crystalline
snow, in powder its odorless and
bitter.
increase  Mental alertness  Adverse Effects

alertness and  General sense of well

being



Hyperactive, talkative, forgetfull
No feelings of inhibitions

physical  Acid production in the

stomach
 Tends to commit criminal and
bizarre sexual acts, desire for sex

disposition.  Elevated heart rate;

 Hearing becomes extra sensitive

palpitations  Paranoia; Hallucinations

Extreme depressions; feelings of
 Psychological & physical 
lifelines
dependence
 Sensation of impending death
  Methamphetamine Hydrochloride  Adverse Effects
STIMULANTS- (Shabu)
 Chest pain, irregularity of
heartbeat, elevated or
are drugs
Street name: poor man’s cocaine
shabu, ubas, siopao, sha, ice lowered blood pressure,
evidence of weight loss,
 A white odorless crystal, numbing convulsion and death from
which taste
Adverse Effects

cardiac arrest.
Psychiatric consequences
increase  Anxiety, tension, irritability, irrational
behavior, talkativeness, and loss of
self- control
 Full blown psychosis

alertness and  Loss of appetite and inability to

sleep
 Paranoia and violent
behavior

physical 


Euphoria, elation
Acute psychotic reactions, violent
 Difficulty in concentrating
and remembering
and destructive behavior, and Severe irritation of nasal
disposition.

recklessness that may result to passages
accidents,
 Methylenedioxymethamphet
STIMULANTS- Adverse Effects
 
amine (MDMA)
 Fatigue and depression
are drugs  Also known as ECSTACY, X-
TC, Adam and Eden tablet after the drug is stopped
which  Group of designer drug  Restlessness, anxiety
First developed as an and pronounced visual
increase

appetite suppressant in 1914 and auditory
by the German company.
alertness and  In the 70’s, US therapists led
hallucinations
Nausea and vomiting
physical by Alexander Shulgin, used
the drug to explore their


feelings.  Rise of BP and heart rate

disposition.  Neurotoxicity, brain and
liver damage
 Dries the mouth
 Marijuana- All that comes from the  Adverse Effects
CANNABIS- cannabis plant (Cannabis Sativa) ; dried
and prepared for smoking or taken orally
as “brownies”
 Impairment of memory and short-
term cognitive functioning

marijuana &  Can also be consumed and mixed into

food or tea


Impairment of motor skills
Premature babies, low birth weight,

hashish  Gateway to other more serious

substances 
abortion or still birth
Panic or state of anxiety, sometimes
with paranoia
 Marijuana or Indian hemp (PDEA)
embraces every genus of the  Motivational syndrome- dulls the
Cannabis Sativa including, Cannabis mind,
Americana, hashish, bhang, guaza,
churrus and ganiab  Burnout- dull, slow- moving,
inattentive,
 Delta -9- tetrahydrocannabinol- mind
altering component of marijuana  Susceptibility to infections
 Smoked Cannabis- produces a  Decreased sperm production
dreamy state of consciousness in
which ideas seem to be disconnected;  Decreased testosterone level
panic reactions to new users
 Symptoms of mental illness
INHALANTS-Liquid, solid, or mixed substance having the
property of releasing toxic vapors or fumes or any chemical substance

➢ When sniffed, smelled, inhaled, or  Adverse Effects

introduced into the physiological
system of the body produce or induce  Delayed effects of inhalants- loss of
a condition of intoxication, inebriation, memory, inability to think, muscle cramps
excitement, dulling of the brain or and weakness, numbness of limbs,
nervous system, depression, paralysis abdominal pains, damage to the CNS,
or irrational behavior or in any manner kidney, liver and possibly the bone
change, distort, or disturb the auditory, marrow
visual, or mental processes.  Caused permanent damage to the brain
➢ Immediate effects of inhalants- or may result in “sudden sniffing death”
confusion, distorted perception of time
and distance, aggressive behaviors,  Death from suffocation
hallucinations, illusions, nausea and
vomiting, drowsiness
TYPES OF INHALANTS
➢ LIQUID- that evaporates at room  GASES- including medical anesthetics
temperature. (ether, chloroform, and nitrous oxide,
➢ Example: paint thinners, degreasers, commonly called laughing gas, butane
dry-cleaning fluids, gasoline, glues, lighters, propane tanks, whipped cream
correction fluids, electronic contact dispensers, and refrigerants
cleaners, felt-tip marker flued, and
glue.  NITRATES- used primarily as sexual
➢ SPRAYS- that contain propellants and enhancers such as cyclohexyl, butyl,and
solvents: spray plants a solvents, spra amyt nitrate (commonly known as
paints, deodorant & hair sprays, fabric poppers). When marketed for illicit use,
protector sprays, aerosol computer these nitrates are often sold in small brown
cleaning products, and vegetable oil bottles labeled a video head cleaner,
sprays for cooking. “room odorizer,” leather cleaner, or liquid
aromas.
  Adolescence is time of experimentation.
Taking drugs is common as teenagers
struggle to establish independence in a
society where alcohol & substances are
associated wit being a mature adult. Some
reasons behind addiction:
 CURIOSITY

4. Reasons
 SOCIAL INFLUENCE (peer pressure)
 NEW SENSATION (ex. Effects of ecstasy which
include increased energy & confidence)

Behind Drug  REBELLION AND WILLINGNESS TO TAKE RISK

especially when teenagers take illegal
substance that their parents strongly
disapprove

Abuse  ESCAPISM- alcohol & other drugs are used as

a means of avoiding problems associated
with family life, school or work frustrations,
friendship & relationship difficulties, low self-
esteem and depression.
 These problems should be addressed as early
as possible to prevent any related drug use
from escalating.
 Manifestations of frug use:
appearance, habits or actions, health
issues, behavioral issues and school

5.SIGNS OF
issues.
 Mood swing or explosive outburst

DRUG  Staying out late or not coming

home at night

DEPENDENCY
 Frequent absences from work or
school, or declining work
performance
 Unexplained need for money or
sudden loss of money or valuables
  Less extra curricular activities,
social withdrawal, minimal
interaction with family
 Sudden or noticeable change in
friends

5.SIGNS OF  Tiredness or changes in sleeping

patterns

DRUG 


Changes in eating patterns
Impaired memory and poor

DEPENDENCY 
concentration
Blood shot or glassy eyes
 Lethargy and loss of motivation and
grooming
 Deterioration of physical
appearance
  Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs
Act of 2002 (Republic Act No. 9165).
 An Act instituting the Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002,
Repealing Republic Act No. 6425,
otherwise known as the Dangerous
Drugs Act of 1972, as Amended,
providing Funds therefor, and for other

Law and 
purposes.
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency

Enforcement 
(PDEA) pdea.gov.ph
Dangerous Drug Board
https://www.ddb.gov.ph
 US Drug Enforcement agency
https://www.dea.gov/
 PNP
  Ideas and suggestions that are
helpful in preventing the drug
menace:
1. Provide seminars and workshops
that develop individual strengths
and skills
 Give pep talks on life skills such as
goal-setting, career planning,
6. Unity in the problem solving, decision making
and financial management.

Community  Connect with parents. Talk on

effective parenting, family
counseling and child training.
 Start a peer support group and/ or
mentoring program where adult
mentors can spend time with the
youth and act as role models.
  Ideas and suggestions that are
helpful in preventing the drug
menace:
2. Conduct activities that focus on a
healthy lifestyle.
 Hold lectures on the importance of
proper nutrition or NEW START
which means Nutrition, Exercise, Water,
Sleep, Temperance, Air, Rest, and Trust in

Unity in the
divine power or in God.
 Organize Zumba and other
fitness/wellness activities

Community  Advocate in your social media

accounts the importance of good
health and any topics that
encourages healthy lifestyles
 Remove negative graffiti. Instead,
make mural with messages about
making healthy choices.
  Ideas and suggestions that are
helpful in preventing the drug
menace:
3. Hold programs that develop self-
esteem and self-worth.
 Provide opportunities to learn skills
and hobbies into the arts, sports, or
music.

Unity in the  Conduct livelihood training

programs and job fairs.

Community  Plan a career fair with exciting a

career choices.
 Encourage residents to do
volunteer service.
 Offer personality development
workshops.
  Ideas and suggestions that are helpful in
preventing the drug menace:
4. Promote activities that provide positive
alternatives.
 Hold creational programs, sport fests, fun
runs, fashion and charity shows.
 Visit rehab centers for first-hand info on the
consequences of drug addiction.
 Start a community No-To Drugs Day
coupled with exciting activities as fairs,

Unity in the 
carnivals, rides, street performances, etc.
Distribute leaflets, brochures, and other
forms of literature that carry information

Community 
about the ill effects of drug abuse.
Organize parade; make a video about
positive drug-free activities. Share their
importance and their roles in helping
people refrain from using drugs.
  Ideas and suggestions that are helpful in
preventing the drug menace:
5.Organize local chapters or groups that offer
leadership opportunities.
 Several governments and non-
government organizations provide:
 Barkada Kontra Droga (BKD, Peer Groups
Against Drugs)
 National Youth Congress on Drug Abuse

Unity in the 
Prevention and Control
Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE)
Program

Community 


Kids Against Drugs Program
National Drug Education Program (NDEP)
 Drug Abuse Prevention Program for the
Transport Groups
 Nationwide Caravan of Youth Against Drugs
 Source: https://www.ddb.gov.ph/preventive-
education/campaign-and-advocacies
 Drug dependency is extremely
hazardous to a person’s
health, the people who care
for him/her and to his /her
future as well.

Conclusion A drug dependent can still be

saved for his/her present
situation as long as there are
people who are willing to
listen, understand and help
him or her until full recovery is
achieved.
References

 Dangerous Drug Board https://www.ddb.gov.ph/preventive-

education/campaign-and-advocacies
 Martinez, R.J. (2017). Unity in Community. In War in Drugs, p.25.
 Abadinsky, H. (2014). Drug use and abuse: a comprehensive
introduction. Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
 pedea.gov.ph
Thank you.
Learning Objectives
At the end of this chapter, the learners are expected to:
 Describe transformational leadership
 Identify the characteristics of a leader
 Express commitment to teamwork

Overview
This chapter discusses leadership training in which the
leader inspires the followers to perform well and develop
their own leadership potential
LEADER
 A leader is someone who can see how things
can be improved and who rallies people to
move toward that better vision.
 Leaders can work toward making their vision
a reality while putting people first. Just being
able to motivate people isn’t enough —
leaders need to be empathetic and connect
with people to be successful.
 Leaders don’t have to come from the same
background or follow the same path.
-(Jacob Morgan, 2020)

Source:
https://www.chieflearningofficer.com/2020/01/06/what-is-
leadership-and-who-is-a-leader/
Leadership
 Some CEOs defined leadership as having business
acumen, like setting a vision or achieving goals for
a company.
 Other people focused on human qualities like
empathy, humility or diversity.
 Every answer was different, but they were each
correct.
 Every leader has their own personal definition of
leadership, which influences how they lead and
the culture and direction of their company.
 The definition of leadership can also change as
the leaders themselves change.
 With new leaders come new approaches to
leadership, which impacts overall culture and
employees.
GOOD Leadership
 The ability to influence
people toward the
attainment of goals
 Good leadership can be
attributed to qualities that
make people follow a
leader.
 Characteristics of a
Good Leader

1.) VISION-good leaders know their goals and

they can motivate people to believe in their
vision for their country, community, and family.

2.) WIT – good leaders can make sound

judgments and decisions even during crucial
moments.
 Characteristics of a
Good Leader
3. PASSION – good leaders are very
passionate/obsessed in whatever they
do, be it in sports, hobby, etc.

4. COMPASSION – good leaders show

consideration for their supporters and
followers
 Characteristics of a
Good Leader
5. CHARISMA
captivating, charming individuals who can draw people
toward them (the way they talk or carry themselves
they excel in building relationships and eliciting performance
from their groups

6. COMMUNICATION SKILLS
good leaders are great orators and persuaders
they can express their ideas clearly and convincingly
 Characteristics of a
Good Leader

7. PERSISTENCE - good leaders are determined to attain their goals in

spite of the obstacles and problems
they believe that the benefits of attaining their goals outweigh the risks
and hardships

8. INTEGRITY good leaders mean what they say they walk the talk
practice what they preach; keep their promise they are reliable
 Characteristics of a
Good Leader
9. DARING- willing to take risks determined to chase their dreams
amid the reality of fear and uncertainty
COURAGE IS THE VIRTUE ON WHICH ALL OTHER VIRTUES REST (Winston
Churchill)

10. DISCIPLINE- good leaders observe self-control and order

manage to stay focused and steady regardless of the situation
TRAITS of a Good Leader
1. CHARACTER
Quality of a person’s behavior as revealed by:
HABITS
THOUGHTS AND EXPRESSIONS
ATTITUDES AND INTERESTS
ACTIONS
PERSONAL PHILOSOPHIES IN LIFE
PERSONAL ASSESSMENT:
Take assessments
Look for character flaws
Identify the patterns
Repair your character
Rebuild your character
TRAITS of a Good Leader

2. CHARISMA
Special spiritual gift on an individual or group for the general good
Extraordinary power in a person, group, or cause, which can win popular support
How can you have charisma?
Be more concerned about making others feel good about themselves than you
are making them feel good about you.

When it comes to charisma, the bottom line is other’s

mindedness.
Leaders who think about others and their concerns before
thinking of themselves exhibit charisma. -
(John Maxwell)
TRAITS of a Good Leader

3. COMMITMENT -Engages one to do something as a continuing obligation

It is a state of intellectual and emotional adherence to some political, social, and
religious theory of action.

4. COMMUNICATION -Is a two-way process of reaching mutual understanding.

Participants do not only encode-decode or exchange information but also create and share
meaning

• Simplify your message

• It’s not what you say, but how you say it.
• Show the truth
• Believe in what you say. Live what you say.
• Seek a response
• The goal of all communication is action.
TRAITS of a Good Leader

5.COMPETENCE
Indicates sufficiency of knowledge and skills.
It is the capacity of a person to understand a situation and to respond to it
accordingly and responsibly
Core competence is fundamental knowledge, ability, or expertise in a specific
area.

Competence goes beyond words.

It is the leaders’ ability to say it, plan it, and do it in such a way
that others know that you know how – and know that they
want to follow you” (John Maxwell)
TRAITS of a Good Leader

6. COURAGE
It is the quality of the mind that enables a person to face
difficulty and danger without fear.
It inspires commitment from followers.
Transformational
Leadership

“The ability to get

people to want to
change and to
lead change.”
▪ Starts from the
recognition of
what the
members need
and the steps
toward achieving
these needs, and
relating rewards to
effort.
The leader acts as a role model.

Lives out values, approachable and

accessible, and accepts pressure to
perform.

Empowers members, gives them freedom

and is concerned with developing
members collectively and individually.
Behaviors of a
Transformational Leader

1. Articulate in creating compelling vision

of the future.

2. Uses stories and symbols to

communicate his/her vision and message.

3. Specifies the importance of having a

strong sense of purpose and a collective
mission.
4. Talks optimistically and enthusiastically and
expresses confidence that goals will be achieved.

5. Engenders the trust and respect of his /her

followers by doing the right thing

6. Instills pride in employees

7. Talks most about important values and beliefs

8. Considers the moral and ethical
consequences of decision.

9. Seeks different perspectives when

solving problems.

10. Encourages employees to challenge

old assumptions and to think about
problems in new ways.
11. Spends time teaching and coaching.

12. Considers each individual employee’s

different needs, abilities, and aspirations.

13. Is compassionate, appreciative, and

responsive to each employee and
recognizes and celebrates each
employee’s achievements.
4 Components of
Transformational Leadership

1. Charisma

2. Inspirational Motivation

3. Intellectual Stimulation

4. Individualized consideration
 The qualities of a transformational
leader can be found at different
levels:
 Community
 National
 Global communities
 Various sectors of society
Transformational leaders are able to
translate their vision and
commitment into institutional
practice.
Transformation of Values

From power of dominion to power of

liberation

From war and conflict to peace

From efficiency consideration to equality

and equity (balance between genders

From growth to sustainability

From ‘winner-take-it-all’ norm to sharing

and caring
Transformational leadership
and task functions

Defining the tasks – involves others

Making the plan – involves others

Allocating the tasks – involves others

Controlling the tasks – uses peer pressure and

self-control rather than being disciplinary
 CHECKING THE ADJUSTING THE PLAN – WITH
PERFORMANCE – WITH OTHERS GROUP REVIEW
Transformational leadership
and team functions

SETTING THE ENFORCING PROMOTING TEAM ENCOURAGING

STANDARDS – DISCIPLINE SPIRIT AND MOTIVATING
INVOLVES GROUP

DEVELOPING SUB- COMMUNICATING TRAINING

LEADERS WITH THE GROUP
Transformational leadership
and individual functions

Attending to personal Praising individuals,

problems enhancing confidence

Using abilities of the

people within the
Giving status pride
organization- training as
a continuing process

Involving individuals in
decision-making process
Leadership development:
Develop a pool of leaders

FIND PEOPLE WITH WIDEN THE ASSURE A

BASIC LEADERSHIP “CATCHMENT AREA” DEMOCRATIC
QUALITIES PROCESS
Leadership development:
Provide knowledge & skills

BUILD LEADERS’ RECOGNIZE THIS AS A

PERSONAL CAPACITIES LONG PROCESS
7 habits of highly effective
people

1. Be proactive – take responsibility for your life

2. Begin with the end in mind – know where you want to go and
make it happen

3. Put first things first –practice management. Know your

priorities.

4. Think win-win – look at life as a cooperative arena, and not a

competitive one. Agreements/solutions should be mutually
beneficial to both parties.
5. Seek to understand, than to be understood. -
The best to understand is to listen

6. Synergize – it is a habit of creative

cooperation. Better results can be produced as
a group than individually.

7. Sharpen the saw – you need to update

(knowledge) through various resources. Use
sense of humor to relieve tension and boredom
Teamwork

 The process of
working
collaboratively with a
group of people in
order to achieve a
goal.
 Teamwork means
using skills and
providing constructive
feedback, despite
any personal conflict
between individuals.
Time
Management

 The art of arranging,

organizing, scheduling, and
budgeting one’s time for
the purpose of generating
more effective work &
productivity.
 Important aspect of time
management is PLANNING
AHEAD.
 Keeping a calendar or daily
planner, or checklist of
what to do is helpful but
self-discipline is also
required.
Decision making

 a process that involves

selecting the most logical
choice from among one
or two options.
 Consider the following in
decision-making:
1. Identification of
alternative solutions
2. Evaluation of possible
options to determine
which one meets the
decision objectives
3. Selection of the best
option after an in-depth
evaluation
Conclusion
 Transformational leadership is an organizational system
framework that influences people to come together around a
common vision.
 Failures/chaos, disorder, etc. are the results of having a weak
leaders. Therefore, they should be chosen well.
 One of the marks of a good leader is the ability to listen, learn,
and lead his/her followers toward the attainment of goals.
He/she is adept in teamwork, time management, and decision
making.
 aving a good transformational leader is important in
nation/community development. They provide opportunities,
and direction to the progress of an individual, organization, too
the general public for the betterment of humanity.
 UNLEASH THE LEADERSHIP TRAITS IN YOU AND BE A SOLUTION
TO IMPROVE THE COMMUNITY WE LIVE.
Thank you.
Values
Development
for Citizenship
Training
Learning Objectives
 At the end of this chapter, the learners are expected to:
1. define and expound on the nature and philosophical values of a
being a Filipino;
2. Cite popular Filipino values of good citizenship; and
3. Relate the concepts discussed to real-life situations
Overview
This deals with values development of good citizenship, including the
preamble of the 1987 Constitution, the roots of and philosophy behind
Filipino values, nationalism and patriotism, and personal development
plan.
Preamble is an introductory and
preliminary statement in a
document that explains the
document’s purpose and
underlying philosophy.
It may cite historical facts
pertinent to the subject of the
stature.

The preamble of the Philippine

dictates that the Philippines
and the Filipino people are the
sovereign masters of the
Philippine Island.

“WE THE PEOPLE…

OURS IDEALS AND
ASPIRATIONS
“
What is a value?
 A value is something desirable, worth having, worth possessing, worth
keeping, and worth doing. Inasmuch as a value is desirable, it is something
GOOD for value is always desirable.
 The value of health, for example, is good precisely because health is
desirable. It is something we desire, want to have and enjoy.
 The desirability of a thing, goal, place, person, plan, code of behavior, or
conduct makes it valuable, it renders a thing good.
 What is desirable is not always suitable and proper for human nature.
Desirability does not connote propriety and suitability, for what is desirable is
not always suitable and proper.
 “Hindi laging karapat dapat ang kanais-nais”
Philosophy of Values
Understanding the philosophy of human values is necessary in understanding Filipino
values such as:
 Family closeness and solidarity(pagkamalapit at pagkakaisa ng pamilya)
 Politeness (pagkamagalang through the use of “po” and “opo” or “ho”)
 Hospitality and gratitude (utang na loob)
 Personal dignity- pagkatao is personal dignity, related with good name, personal honor, moral integrity, good
character, credibility, and trustworthiness.
 Prudence- Levelheadedness. Pagkamahinahun. Paghuhunusdili.
 Diligence and patience- Filipinos are not just “masipag, mapagsumikap, matigaya” but also “ matitiisin,
pasensiyoso”
 Diplomacy- pakikitungo, makibagay, makisama, makipag-ayos, makipagsundo. Filipinos are conciliatory,
accommodating and diplomatic.

 The following books are good reads to know more Filipino values:

Positive Filipino Values by Tomas D. Andres, 1989

Ang mahalaga sa buhay : (a handbook of Filipino values by Romulo I. Chua, 1992
Dictionary of Filipino culture and values by Tomas D. Andres, 1994
Filipino values today by Florentino Timbreza, 2003
Are values subjective or objective?
 Values are both subjective and objective.
 They involve a subject or a person who values (ex. Parents) and an object
or value to be realized (ex. mapag-alaga).
 Justice is objective because it is a value that should be realized by all.
 There is a difference between value and disvalue (undesirables) like
pleasure and pain, life and death, poverty and affluence, heroism and
cowardice, truth and falsehood, right and wrong, holiness and sinfulness.
 The difference is not only in the mind or simply a matter of personal taste or
preference.
 IT IS REAL AND EVIDENT.
What are Filipino values?
What is distinctly Filipino in our value system? The Filipino value system arises
from our culture or way of life, our distinctive way of becoming human in this
particular place and time.
Speaking of Filipino values, there are in a fourfold sense:
1. There are values that are distinctively Filipino.
Ex. The Greek ideal of moderation is “meden agan” which means 'Nothing in
excess'. Doing something "in moderation" means not doing it excessively.
The Roman in “medeo stat virtus” meaning virtue stands in the middle or in the
middle stands the truth
The Confucian and the Buddhist of the middle way or path
In Filipino, this is equivalent to “walang labis”, “walang kulang”, or
“katamtaman lamang”
What are Filipino values?
Continued…Speaking of Filipino values, there are in a fourfold sense:
4. Values in the sense of historical consciousness had evolved among the
Filipino people. From a historical perspective, the question to ask about Filipino
values is:
Ganito kami noon: paano kayo ngayon? Quo vadis? What goal or direction
Filipino values ought to move?
How do we transform Filipino values to build a mores just and humane society
as stated in the Preamble of our 1987 Constitution?
For national reconstruction, both external and internal cultural change are
needed.
Inculcating Good Citizenship Values is one way of transforming a strong nation.
Good Citizenship Values are the following:
1. Love for God or Pagkamaka-Diyos
Majority in the Philippines are Catholic, Christian. Religiousness is a prime Filipino value.
“ipinapasa-diyos” an expression of faith and unconditional love for God.
2. Love for Fellowmen or Pagkamaka-Tao
Love strengthens the foundation of the family and other social groupings. A strongest force
within the community and provides deeper meaning to the purpose of humanity.
3. Love for Country or Pagkamaka-Bayan
The trust and confidence of the people in their government is a vital factor of a progressive
countries. This allows the government to achieve their thrust, vision, goals for the betterment of
their citizens. Love for country is manifested in patriotism and nationalism of an individual.
4. Love for the Environment or Pagkamaka-Kalikasan
Filipinos are working together to protect our natural resources and ecosystem. In our own little
way, we can take care of the environment by participating in the sustainable management of
our natural resources. Ex. Mangrove or tree planting, waste segregation,
 Roots of the Filipino Character
The strengths and weaknesses of the Filipino have their roots in these factors:
1. Family and Home Environment- Child-bearing, family 6. Religion – Root of the Filipinos’ optimism and capacity to
relations and attitudes and orientation are the main accept life’s hardships.
component of the home env ironment.
2. Social Environment- Components of social env ironment 7. Economic Environment-Many local traits are rooted from
are social structures and social systems such as interpersonal, pov erty and hard life.
religious, and community interactions.
3. Culture and Language- Philippine has a rich blended 8. Political Environment- Characterized by a centralization of
cultures with more than a hundred dialects all ov er the power
country. Culture is rooted by the socializing forces like family,
school and peer group.
4. History- Our lack of nationalism and colonial mentality is 9. Mass Media- Prov ides knowledge/ information, entertains,
rooted in our colonial history. Our public school system was influences and guides in decision making of Filipino
set up by the Americans where we learned English and the households. Also reinforces colonial mentality through
American way of life. adv ertising of foreign materials.
5. Educational System- Use of foreign language in our 10. Leadership and Role Model- Filipinos look up their leaders
educational system leads us to other problem such as the use as role models. There is a negative impact on the Filipinos
of materials irrelev ant to the Philippine setting. From this, when political leaders cannot be trusted and lack of
learnings from school are not related in real life. accountability.
Nationalism and Patriotism in the Philippines
 Nationalism and patriotism show relationship of an individual toward his/her
nation. These 2 concepts are believed to have the same meaning however,
these two concepts are different from each other.

 Nationalism is:
 a feeling of national superiority a commitment, principle, sentiment, or ideology
that nations should be self-governing.
 Attachment to a nation characterized by a desire to enhance one’s personal
welfare thus it is selfless. According to Claro M. Recto that” Nationalism I
nourished by a sense of history. It is of its essence to know profoundly the past, so
that we may be in complete openness with the men who made that history and
in intimate communion with their thoughts, their deeds, and their noble lives”.

 (Rondina, et al, 2022)

Nationalism and Patriotism in the Philippines
 Patriotism is defined as “love of one’s country” or one’s country of birth” because it is
the land of one’s forefathers.
 It derives from the Greek word “patriot” which means fellow countryman.
 A patriot is someone who supports and acts in defense of his/her country and
generally this refers to a concept of national loyalty.
 Patriotism essentials are civic virtue and deeds for the fatherland.
 The citizens should have the proper disposition and mindful when it comes to using
his/her abilities for the state. It contributes to apathy and selfishness.
 Thus, patriotism can be considered as activity. The citizen’s love of country could only
unfold if they could bring their influence to achieve fruition and if the government
allows the to actively engaged in the affairs of the state.
 Patriotism provides the glue that binds together the individual, group, and the territory
in which the group resides.
(Rondina, et al, 2022)
How can you become a good citizen?
Do you know where are you going to?

Where do you see yourself 1 year, 5 years,

and perhaps 10 years down the road?
Chart Your Personal Development Plan

 A personal development plan will help you figure that

out and help you get there.
 Your purpose will set the context and get you thinking
about your life and what is important to you.
 Prepare your own personal development plan.
 Be guided by these components as suggested by Wells
in his book Seven Simple Steps- Transformation Guide.
Your Guide in Creating a Personal
Development Plan
Begin with some
Understand success & Set your goals and how
introspection to help Lay out your “success
achievement, & what it to achieve them. This is
you define your values, blueprint” This is about
means to you & to really about knowing
your patterns, & your how you’ll get there.
others. where you’re going.
beliefs. DESIGN SUCCESS
MAKE IT PERSONAL KNOW YOUR OUTCOME
FIND YOUR TRUE SELF

Determine to make
Look forward to the
your plans a reality. In Establish a mindset to
future,and move on
order to succeed, you succeed in bringing
beyond the
need more than a your desired outcomes
completion of your
plan; that plan needs to fruition.
plan.
to be executed. ACCEPT SUCCESS
LIFE IS CIRCULAR
HARNESS THE POWER
Conclusion

A value is literally means the worth or importance of a particular thing.

Some things have greater value than others. Things with greater value
are more preferred and sought out by individuals. They serve as a basis
for decision-making since people normally choose those will bring
them happiness and contentment both intrinsically and extrinsically.
Happiness is the end point of every human action. This desire for
happiness helps create the picture of what we really need or want to
have or experience. In the process, we are able to identify the things
which we value most.