In the Name of Allah, the most Merciful and the Most Beneficent

University of Swat
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES

SOCIAL WORK
According to syllabus of BS 1st Semester Final term

Session 2022-2026
Written and composed by Ayas uddin
BS Psychological Studies 1st Semester
Class number: 04
Submitted to Mam Maimona Adil
Dear Mam Maimona Adil,

I hope you are well. I am writing to humbly request your review of this little book that I
have composed. I know that you are a highly respected and experienced teacher,
and your feedback would mean a great deal to me.
I have put a lot of effort into this book, and I would greatly appreciate your thoughts
and suggestions on how I can improve it. I understand that you are a busy person
and have many other responsibilities, but I would be deeply grateful if you could find
the time to review my work.
Thank you in advance for your time and consideration.

Sincerely,
Ayas uddin
CONTENTS

Social welfare
• Introduction, meaning and definition of social welfare
• Scope, subject matter and importance of social welfare in Pakistan
• Social welfare, charity, and professional social Work
• Social welfare and social Work
• Function of social welfare department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Social case work

• Definition of social case work
• Elements of social case work
• Principle of social case work
• Phases of social case work process

Social group work

• Meaning of social group work
• Principles of social group work
• Purpose of social group work
• Role of the group worker
Introduction, meaning and definition of social welfare
Social welfare refers to the provision of services and support to individuals, families,
and communities in need. It encompasses a wide range of programs and services
designed to meet the basic needs of individuals, such as food, housing, healthcare,
and education, as well as more specialized services, such as mental health
counselling and job training.
The concept of social welfare can be traced back to the early 19th century, when
governments began to take a more active role in providing support to those in
need. The origins of social welfare can be found in different ideologies and political
movements, such as socialism, liberalism, and conservatism.
The introduction of social welfare programs can be seen as a way of addressing
social problems such as poverty, unemployment, and inequality. It is also a way of
promoting social justice and ensuring that all members of society have the
opportunity to live a decent life, regardless of their income or social background.
The meaning of social welfare can be defined as the provision of social services by
the government or other organizations, aimed at helping individuals, families and
communities in need to improve their well-being and standard of living. Social
welfare programs can include healthcare, education, housing, food assistance,
child care and services for the elderly, disabled, and veterans.
Social welfare is a broad and complex field, encompassing a wide range of
programs and services that are designed to meet the diverse needs of different
groups in society. It is a fundamental aspect of social protection and an important
way of ensuring that all members of society have the opportunity to live a decent
life, regardless of their income or social background.

Scope, subject matter and importance of social welfare in Pakistan

The scope of social welfare in Pakistan encompasses a wide range of programs and
services that are designed to meet the diverse needs of different groups in society.
These include:
1. Poverty alleviation: Social welfare programs in Pakistan aim to reduce poverty
and improve the standard of living of the poor by providing them with access to
basic necessities such as food, housing, and healthcare.

2. Education: Social welfare programs in Pakistan aim to provide education and

vocational training to individuals and families, particularly those who are
economically and socially disadvantaged.
3. Health: Social welfare programs in Pakistan aim to provide access to healthcare
services for the poor, particularly in rural and remote areas.

4. Child welfare: Social welfare programs in Pakistan aim to protect and promote
the rights of children, including child labor laws, child protection laws and child
protection services.
5. Women's welfare: Social welfare programs in Pakistan aim to empower women
and promote gender equality through legal, economic and social measures.
6. Elderly and disabled welfare: Social welfare programs in Pakistan aim to provide
financial and social assistance to elderly and disabled individuals, including
pension schemes and rehabilitation services.

7. Disaster management: Social welfare programs in Pakistan aim to provide relief

and assistance to individuals affected by natural disasters and man-made crises,
such as floods, earthquakes, and war.
The subject matter of social welfare in Pakistan covers different aspects of social
protection and social development. It deals with issues such as poverty,
unemployment, inequality, health, education, and disaster management.
The importance of social welfare in Pakistan is that it plays an important role in
reducing poverty and social inequalities. It also helps to promote social justice and
ensure that all members of society have the opportunity to live a decent life,
regardless of their income or social background. Social welfare programs in Pakistan
also help to improve the overall well-being and standard of living of individuals,
families, and communities, particularly those who are economically and socially
disadvantaged. Furthermore, it helps to build resilient communities, which can better
cope with natural disasters.

Social welfare, charity, and professional social Work

Social welfare, charity, and professional social work are all related concepts that are
concerned with helping individuals, families, and communities in need. However,
they differ in their scope, approach, and purpose.
Social welfare refers to the provision of services and support to individuals, families,
and communities in need by the government or other organizations. It encompasses
a wide range of programs and services designed to meet the basic needs of
individuals, such as food, housing, healthcare, and education. Social welfare
programs are usually funded by the government and are intended to address social
issues such as poverty, unemployment, and inequality.
Charity refers to the voluntary giving of money, goods, or services to those in need.
Charities are usually non-profit organizations that rely on donations from individuals,
businesses, and foundations. Charities provide services and support to individuals,
families, and communities in need, such as food banks, shelters, and medical clinics.
Professional social work is a field that involves the application of social work
principles and practices to help individuals, families, and communities in need.
Social workers are trained professionals who use a variety of interventions and
techniques to help clients address problems and achieve their goals. Professional
social workers work in a variety of settings, such as hospitals, schools, and
government agencies, and they may also work in private practice.
Overall, social welfare and charity are different in terms of funding and scope, but
they both aim to help individuals, families, and communities in need. Professional
social work is a field that uses a specific approach and set of skills to help clients
address problems and achieve their goals. Social welfare, charity, and professional
social work all share the goal of improving the well-being and standard of living of
individuals, families, and communities.

Social welfare and social Work

Social welfare and social work are related concepts that are concerned with
helping individuals, families, and communities in need.
Social welfare refers to the provision of services and support to individuals, families,
and communities in need by the government or other organizations. It encompasses
a wide range of programs and services designed to meet the basic needs of
individuals, such as food, housing, healthcare, and education. Social welfare
programs are usually funded by the government and are intended to address social
issues such as poverty, unemployment, and inequality.
Social work, on the other hand, is a professional field that uses a specific approach
and set of skills to help clients address problems and achieve their goals. Social
workers are trained professionals who work with individuals, families, and
communities to help them address a wide range of social and emotional problems.
Social workers use a variety of interventions and techniques, such as counseling,
case management, and community organizing, to help clients improve their well-
being and standard of living.
While social welfare programs provide services and support to individuals and
communities, social work is a professional field that uses a specific approach and set
of skills to help clients address problems and achieve their goals. Social welfare
programs and social work are closely related in that both aim to improve the well-
being and standard of living of individuals, families, and communities. Social welfare
programs provide services and support to individuals and communities, while social
work is a professional field that uses a specific approach and set of skills to help
clients address problems and achieve their goals. Social workers may also work as
case workers in social welfare organizations and use their skills to support clients in
accessing the services and benefits provided by the organization.

Function of social welfare department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

The Social Welfare Department (SWD) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) is a government
department that is responsible for providing social welfare services and support to
individuals, families, and communities in need. The specific functions of the SWD in
KP may vary depending on the specific policies and priorities of the government, but
generally, the department is responsible for:
1. Developing and implementing social welfare programs and services: The SWD in
KP is responsible for developing and implementing a wide range of social welfare
programs and services, such as poverty alleviation programs, education and
vocational training programs, and health care services.
2. Providing financial and material assistance: The SWD in KP provides financial and
material assistance to individuals, families, and communities in need, such as
food assistance, housing assistance, and assistance for the disabled and elderly.
3. Protecting the rights of vulnerable groups: The SWD in KP is responsible for
protecting the rights of vulnerable groups such as children, women, and disabled
people. It may provide legal aid and assistance to protect these groups from
abuse and exploitation.
4. Coordinating with other government departments and organizations: The SWD in
KP coordinates with other government departments and organizations, such as
the Health Department and the Education Department, to ensure that social
welfare services and support are delivered in an integrated and effective
manner.
5. Monitoring and evaluating social welfare programs and services: The SWD in KP
monitors and evaluates social welfare programs and services to ensure that they
are meeting their intended goals and are effectively addressing the needs of
individuals, families, and communities.
6. Advising the government on social welfare policies and issues: The SWD in KP
advises the government on social welfare policies and issues and makes
recommendations for improvements and changes to the policies and programs.
Overall, the SWD in KP is responsible for providing social welfare services and support
to individuals, families, and communities in need, protecting the rights of vulnerable
groups, coordinating with other government departments and organizations,
monitoring and evaluating social welfare programs, and advising the government
on social welfare policies and issues.

Definition of social case work

Social case work is a method of helping individuals, families, and communities in
need by providing them with professional support and services. It is a practice that is
used in the field of social work. Social case work is a process of helping people to
identify and solve problems that they are facing in their lives.
Social case work is defined as a professional practice that uses a strengths-based
and person-centered approach to help clients address social and emotional
problems. Social case workers use a variety of interventions and techniques, such as
counseling, case management, and community organizing, to help clients improve
their well-being and standard of living.
The process of social case work includes several key steps, such as assessment,
planning, implementation, and evaluation. Social case workers conduct an
assessment of the client's needs, strengths and problems. They use this information to
develop a plan of action to help the client address their problems and achieve their
goals. They then implement the plan and provide support and services to the client.
Finally, they evaluate the progress of the client and make adjustments to the plan as
necessary.
Social case work is an integral part of the social work profession. It is a way to help
individuals and families to overcome difficulties, to improve their well-being, and to
achieve their goals. Social case work can be used in a variety of settings such as
hospitals, schools, government agencies, and non-profit organizations.
In summary, social case work is a professional practice that uses a strengths-based
and person-centered approach to help clients address social and emotional
problems, it is a process that includes assessment, planning, implementation, and
evaluation, it is a key part of the social work profession that can be used in a variety
of settings, and it is a way to help individuals and families to overcome difficulties, to
improve their well-being, and to achieve their goals.
Elements of social case work
Social case work is a comprehensive method of helping individuals, families, and
communities in need by providing them with professional support and services. It
involves several key elements that are essential to the practice of social case work:
1. Assessment: The process of assessing the client's needs, strengths, and problems
is the first step in social case work. The social case worker conducts an
assessment by gathering information about the client's social, emotional, and
economic situation, their family, and their environment.
2. Planning: After the assessment, the social case worker develops a plan of action
to help the client address their problems and achieve their goals. The plan should
be realistic, specific, and measurable, and should take into account the client's
strengths and resources.
3. Implementation: The social case worker then implements the plan by providing
support and services to the client. This can include counseling, case
management, and community organizing. The social case worker also helps the
client to access resources and services in the community.
4. Evaluation: Social case work is an ongoing process, and the social case worker
regularly evaluates the client's progress and the effectiveness of the plan. The
social case worker adjusts the plan as necessary to help the client achieve their
goals.
5. Relationship: The social case worker establishes and maintains a professional
relationship with the client that is based on trust and mutual respect. This
relationship is essential to the success of the social case work process.
6. Empowerment: Social case work is based on the principle of client
empowerment. The goal of social case work is to help the client to identify their
own strengths and resources and to develop the skills and confidence to address
their problems and achieve their goals.
7. Cultural Competence: Social case worker should understand the client's cultural
background, norms, values and beliefs. They should also have the ability to work
with clients from diverse cultures and backgrounds.
8. Confidentiality: Social case workers maintain strict confidentiality to protect the
client's privacy and to build trust in the professional relationship.
In summary, social case work is a comprehensive method that includes several key
elements such as assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, relationship,
empowerment and cultural competence, and confidentiality. These elements work
together to help the client address their problems and achieve their goals.

Principle of social case work

Social case work is a professional practice that is based on several key principles,
which guide the practice and inform the decision-making process of the social case
worker. Some of the main principles of social case work include:
1. Person-centered approach: Social case work is based on a person-centered
approach, which means that the social case worker focuses on the unique
needs, strengths, and perspectives of the individual, family or community. This
approach is designed to empower clients and to help them take control of their
own lives.
2. Strengths-based approach: Social case work is also based on a strengths-based
approach, which means that the social case worker focuses on the strengths
 and resources of the client, rather than their deficits and problems. This approach
helps the client to identify and build on their own strengths, and to develop the
skills and confidence to address their problems and achieve their goals.
3. Confidentiality: Social case work is based on the principle of confidentiality,
which means that the social case worker maintains strict confidentiality to
protect the client's privacy and to build trust in the professional relationship.
4. Empowerment: Social case work is based on the principle of empowerment,
which means that the social case worker helps the client to identify their own
strengths and resources and to develop the skills and confidence to address their
problems and achieve their goals.
5. Cultural Competence: Social case work is based on the principle of cultural
competence, which means that the social case worker understands the client's
cultural background, norms, values, and beliefs and is able to work with clients
from diverse cultures and backgrounds.
6. Collaboration: Social case work is based on the principle of collaboration, which
means that the social case worker works in partnership with the client and other
professionals, agencies and organizations to provide the best possible services
and support.
7. Evidence-based practice: Social case work is based on the principle of
evidence-based practice, which means that the social case worker uses
research and evidence to inform their practice and to make decisions about the
best course of action for their clients.
8. Continuity: Social case work is based on the principle of continuity, which means
that the social case worker provides ongoing support and services to the client
over an extended period of time.
In summary, social case work is a professional practice that is based on several key
principles, including the person-centered approach, the strengths-based approach,
confidentiality, empowerment, cultural competence, collaboration, evidence-
based practice and continuity.

Phases of social case work process

The social case work process is a comprehensive method of helping individuals,
families, and communities in need by providing them with professional support and
services. The process is typically divided into several phases, which include:
1. Intake and assessment: This is the first phase of the social case work process and
involves the initial contact between the social case worker and the client. The
social case worker conducts an assessment of the client's needs, strengths, and
problems. This assessment includes gathering information about the client's social,
emotional, and economic situation, their family, and their environment.
2. Planning: In this phase, the social case worker develops a plan of action to help
the client address their problems and achieve their goals. The plan should be
realistic, specific, and measurable, and should take into account the client's
strengths and resources.
3. Implementation: The social case worker then implements the plan by providing
support and services to the client. This can include counseling, case
management, and community organizing. The social case worker also helps the
client to access resources and services in the community.
4. Evaluation: Social case work is an ongoing process, and the social case worker
regularly evaluates the client's progress and the effectiveness of the plan. The
social case worker adjusts the plan as necessary to help the client achieve their
goals.
5. Termination: This phase marks the end of the social case work relationship
between the social case worker and the client. The social case worker helps the
client to make a transition to other resources, services or support systems. The
social case worker also evaluates the overall progress and outcome of the case
work process.
It's worth noting that the social case work process is often dynamic and flexible and
may not always be linear. Social case worker may revisit earlier phases or steps as
the case work progresses, depending on the client's needs and progress.
In summary, the social case work process typically includes several phases: intake
and assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, and termination. Each
phase is designed to help the client address their problems and achieve their goals,
and the social case worker adjusts the plan as necessary to help the client achieve
their goals. The process is dynamic and flexible, and the social case worker may
revisit earlier phases as the case work progresses.

Meaning of social group work

Social group work is a method of helping individuals, families, and communities by
providing them with professional support and services through group activities. It is a
practice that is used in the field of social work and it is based on the idea that
people can help and support each other through group interactions.
Social group work is defined as a professional practice that uses a strengths-based
and person-centered approach to help clients address social and emotional
problems through group activities. Social group workers use a variety of interventions
and techniques, such as group counseling, group therapy, and community
organizing, to help clients improve their well-being and standard of living.
The process of social group work includes several key steps, such as assessment,
planning, implementation, and evaluation. Social group workers conduct an
assessment of the client's needs, strengths and problems. They use this information to
develop a plan of action to help the client address their problems and achieve their
goals. They then implement the plan by providing support and services through
group activities. Finally, they evaluate the progress of the client and make
adjustments to the plan as necessary.
Social group work is an integral part of the social work profession. It is a way to help
individuals and families to overcome difficulties, to improve their well-being, and to
achieve their goals through group activities. Social group work can be used in a
variety of settings such as schools, community centers, and mental health clinics.
In summary, social group work is a professional practice that uses a strengths-based
and person-centered approach to help clients address social and emotional
problems through group activities, it is a process that includes assessment, planning,
implementation, and evaluation, it is a key part of the social work profession that
can be used in a variety of settings, and it is a way to help individuals and families to
overcome difficulties, to improve their well-being, and to achieve their goals through
group activities.
Principles of social group work
Social group work is a professional practice that is based on several key principles,
which guide the practice and inform the decision-making process of the social
group worker. Some of the main principles of social group work include:
1. Person-centered approach: Social group work is based on a person-centered
approach, which means that the social group worker focuses on the unique
needs, strengths, and perspectives of each individual in the group. This approach
is designed to empower clients and to help them take control of their own lives
through group interactions.
2. Strengths-based approach: Social group work is also based on a strengths-based
approach, which means that the social group worker focuses on the strengths
and resources of each individual in the group, rather than their deficits and
problems. This approach helps the clients to identify and build on their own
strengths, and to develop the skills and confidence to address their problems
and achieve their goals through group interactions.
3. Collaboration: Social group work is based on the principle of collaboration,
which means that the social group worker works in partnership with the clients
and other professionals, agencies and organizations to provide the best possible
services and support.

4. Confidentiality: Social group work is based on the principle of confidentiality,

which means that the social group worker maintains strict confidentiality to
protect the clients' privacy and to build trust in the professional relationship.
5. Empowerment: Social group work is based on the principle of empowerment,
which means that the social group worker helps the clients to identify their own
strengths and resources and to develop the skills and confidence to address their
problems and achieve their goals through group interactions.

6. Cultural Competence: Social group work is based on the principle of cultural

competence, which means that the social group worker understands the clients'
cultural background, norms, values, and beliefs and is able to work with clients
from diverse cultures and backgrounds.
7. Evidence-based practice: Social group work is based on the principle of
evidence-based practice, which means that the social group worker uses
research and evidence to inform their practice and to make decisions about the
best course of action for their clients.

8. Continuity: Social group work is based on the principle of continuity, which

means that the social group worker provides ongoing support and services to the
clients over an extended period of time.
In summary, social group work is a professional practice that is based on several key
principles, including the person-centered approach, the strengths-based approach,
collaboration, confidentiality, empowerment, cultural competence, evidence-
based practice, and continuity. These principles guide the practice and inform the
decision-making process of the social group worker, and work together to help the
clients address their problems and achieve their goals through group interactions.
Purpose of social group work
The purpose of social group work is to help individuals, families, and communities in
need by providing them with professional support and services through group
activities. The main goals of social group work are to:
1. Promote personal and social development: Social group work aims to help clients
improve their well-being and standard of living by helping them to identify and
build on their strengths and to develop the skills and confidence to address their
problems and achieve their goals.

2. Facilitate problem-solving and decision-making: Social group work aims to help

clients to identify and solve problems they are facing in their lives, and to make
informed decisions that will improve their well-being.
3. Build social connections and support networks: Social group work aims to help
clients to build connections and support networks with other individuals, families,
and communities, which can be a powerful source of support and assistance.

4. Enhance communication and interpersonal skills: Social group work aims to help
clients to develop effective communication and interpersonal skills, which are
essential for building and maintaining healthy relationships.
5. Foster community development: Social group work aims to help clients to create
and maintain a sense of community, and to develop the skills and resources
necessary to address community issues and to promote community
development.

6. Address social issues: Social group work also aims to address social issues by
providing support and services to marginalized or disadvantaged groups such as
children, youth, women, elderly, people with disabilities, immigrants, and
refugees.
7. Encourage self-help and community action: Social group work aims to
encourage self-help and community action by working with clients to develop
the skills and resources they need to address their own problems and to
participate in community activities.
In summary, the purpose of social group work is to help individuals, families, and
communities in need by providing them with professional support and services
through group activities. Social group work aims to promote personal and social
development, facilitate problem-solving and decision-making, build social
connections and support networks, enhance communication and interpersonal skills,
foster community development, address social issues, and encourage self-help and
community action.

Role of the group worker

The role of the group worker is to facilitate the process of social group work and to
help clients achieve the goals of the group. The group worker is responsible for
planning, implementing, and evaluating group activities, as well as for providing
support and guidance to group members. Some specific responsibilities of the group
worker include:
1. Facilitating group meetings: The group worker is responsible for organizing and
leading group meetings, which may include group counseling, therapy, or other
types of group activities. The group worker sets the agenda, facilitates discussion,
and ensures that the group stays on task.

2. Assessing client needs: The group worker conducts an assessment of the client's
needs, strengths, and problems to identify the goals of the group and to develop
a plan of action.
3. Planning and implementing group activities: The group worker develops and
implements a plan of action for the group, which may include group counseling,
therapy, or other types of group activities. The group worker also helps clients to
access resources and services in the community.
4. Providing support and guidance: The group worker provides support and
guidance to group members, helping them to identify and build on their
strengths, and to develop the skills and confidence to address their problems
and achieve their goals.

5. Evaluating progress: The group worker regularly evaluates the progress of the
group and the clients, and makes adjustments to the plan of action as
necessary.
6. Maintaining confidentiality: The group worker maintains strict confidentiality to
protect the clients' privacy and to build trust in the professional relationship.

7. Building relationships: The group worker establishes and maintains a professional

relationship with the clients that is based on trust and mutual respect.
8. Acting as an advocate: The group worker may act as an advocate for the clients
by representing them in interactions with other organizations and agencies, and
by helping them to navigate complex systems.

9. Encouraging self-help and community action: The group worker encourages self-
help and community action by working with clients to develop the skills and
resources they need to address their own problems and to participate in
community activities.
In summary, the role of the group worker is to facilitate the process of social group
work, and to help clients achieve the goals of the group by organizing and leading
group meetings, assessing client needs, planning and implementing group activities,
providing support and guidance, evaluating progress, maintaining confidentiality,
building relationships, acting as an advocate, and encouraging self-help and
community action.