Electrical Design Principles

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ELECTRICAL DESIGN

PRINCIPLES
GROUP 2 - WEEK 3
ANALYZE AND EXPLAIN

ELECTRICAL CODES,
LICENSES, AND PERMITS
BY LJ IDANE ARANAS
THE ELECTRICAL CODE
Design of an electrical system involves applying the standards
written into the building code. An electrical code specifies the
minimum provisions necessary for protecting people and
property from the improper use of electricity and electrical
equipment. It applies to both the manufacture and installation
of electrical equipment.

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THE ELECTRICAL CODE
NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE

The National Electrical Code (NEC) is a set of


specifications and standards in the form of a model
code that can be adopted into local law by the local
governmental entity. Most municipalities and
counties in the United States require that residential
and commercial electrical wiring conform to the
NEC. In some jurisdictions, certain NEC requirements
are superseded by local requirements. The NEC was
established in 1897 through the combined efforts of
insurance, electrical, architectural, and other
interested groups. In 1911, the National Fire
Protection Association (NFPA) became the sponsor
of the NEC and continues to act in this capacity.
THE ELECTRICAL CODE
CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE

The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) is the


body that publishes and administers the Canadian
Electrical Code (CEC). The Canadian Electrical Code
Committee develops the Canadian Electrical Code.
This committee’s members represent regulatory
authorities, manufacturers, installers, consumer
groups, and he Canadian Electrical Association
(utility industry advocate). The CEC establishes
safety requirements for electrical work and the
installation of electrical equipment operating, or
intended to operate, at all voltages in electrical
installations for buildings, structures, and premises
across Canada.
PS
CEC is similar but not identical to the NEC; there are
differences. CEC Rule 14-100(d) permits the secondary
conductors supplied by a high voltage power transformer to be
protected by the transformer’s primary overcurrent protection
(with no restriction in conductor length through the building).
The rule requires that the wiring be mechanically protected
and terminates at a single circuit-breaker or set of fuses set to
protect the tap conductors against overloading.
The NEC wisely restricts this application by permitting high-
voltage primary overcurrent protection for secondary
conductors only for single-phase or delta-delta wound
transformers.

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PS
As the Code is revised and a new edition is enacted into local
law, previously acceptable regulations may become outdated;
that is, what was formerly an acceptable electrical installation
may no longer be acceptable. The newly enacted Code
generally applies to new installations only. Existing electrical
installations that do not meet the current, more stringent
regulations still remain permissible as long as they are not
regarded as a hazard

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PS
There is also Philippine Electrical Code. The requirements in
this Code address the fundamental principles of protection for
safety contained in Section 131 of International Electrotechnical
Commission Standard 60364-1, Electrical Installations of
Buildings. The Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) is a modified
version of the National Electrical Code.

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MANUFACTURING
STANDARDS

Today, all electrical equipment, appliances, and


devices should meet specific safety standards based
on regular product testing. An approved product
meets minimum safety standards as determined by
extensive testing by an independent testing company
or organization. Underwriters Laboratory, Inc. (UL),
is a not-for-profit product safety testing and
certification organization. It is the leading third-
party certification organization in the United States
and the largest in North America. It has been
evaluating products in the interest of public safety
since 1894. UL is a leading developer of safety
standards.
ITS IMPORTANCE
It ensure the safety, quality and reliability of products and
services; they facilitate trade and protect our health and the
health of the environment. For business, standards improve
systems and processes; they reduce waste, cut costs and ensure
consistency.

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LICENSE

Licensing Most municipalities have ordinances (local


laws) that require that any person who wishes to
engage in the business of installing electrical
systems must be licensed (usually by the state or
province). This means that the person must have a
minimum number of years of experience working with
a licensed electrician and must pass a written test
that deals with the electrical code being used and
with methods of installation.
PERMITS

Most municipalities require that a permit be issued


before any electrical installations may be made on a
project. A complete electrical construction drawing
may also be required for review and approval by a
plans examiner before installation begins. This is
typically the case on large projects. Other
municipalities may not require drawings at all. In
general, most municipalities that require electrical
permits also require licensed electricians.

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