Lecture 9 - MDPE - Design of Gasket & Bolts
Lecture 9 - MDPE - Design of Gasket & Bolts
Lecture 9 - MDPE - Design of Gasket & Bolts
(2170502)
Jilesh M. Pandya
Assistant Professor,
Chemical Engineering Department,
V. V. P. Engineering College, Rajkot.
:: Content ::
1 Introduction : 04
Concept of internal & external design pressure, design stress & design temperature,
Different types of equipments, Static & rotary equipments, Different types of static
equipments, Various mechanical properties of material, Different methods of
fabrication, Different types of welding joints, Joint efficiency, Radiography.
7 Supports : 06
Different types of supports, Mechanical design of bracket support, skirt, support & saddle support.
Chapter: 2 Designing of Pressure Vessel
Gasket is placed between two flange facing and
is held tightly by a series of bolts.
Leak proof metal to metal surface without gasket is
difficult to fabricate.
Irregularities in surface in order of even few millionth
of inch can permit the escape of fluid under
pressure.
Gasket is a plastic or semi-plastic material.
It is tightened by BOLTS.
Gasket deforms and tries to expand, occupies the
total space between two flange facing and thereby
it seals the minute irregularities of surface to prevent
the leakage of fluid.
The minimum amount of force that must be supplied
to gasket to flow and seal the surface irregularities is
known as SEAL or YIELD force.
Stresses created by this force in Gasket is called as
YIELD STRESS or SEATING STRESS of gasket.
Upon the application of INTERNAL PRESSURE two more forces are acting on gasket.
a) Hydrostatic End Forces: Separates the flanges & decrease the unit stress on
gasket; acting in opposite direction of gasket seating force.
b) Force created by Internal Pressure: Tries to blow out the gasket between facings;
which can also break the gasket in unusual condition.
These forces are acting on gasket in operating conditions.
Bolt load creates the stress in the gasket in operating condition is reduced by
Hydrostatic end force.
The ratio of gasket stress at operating conditions to internal pressure is called GASKET
FACTOR.
Gasket factor is a property of gasket material; over a wide range of pressure and it
remains constant.
The width of gasket can be decided by the definite relationship.
Residual gasket force should not be less than that required to prevent the leakage of
fluid under operating conditions.
Residual Gasket Gasket Seating Hydrostatic
Force = Force + Pressure Force
2
4
d 2
O d i2 * P * m = d 2
O d i2 * Y + 4
d O * P
4
Where, P = Internal Design Pressure
Y = Design Seating Stress
m = Gasket Factor
dO, di = Outside & Inside diameter of Gasket
m * d O2 d i2 * P d O2 d i2 * Y d O2 * P
d O2 d i2 * Y ( P * m) d O2 * P
d O2 Y d O2 Pm d i2Y d O2 Pm d O2 * P
d O2 P Y P.m d i2 P.m Y
d O Y P.m
2 This equation is
d O2 Y P.m dO Y P.m used to decide
d i2 P Y P.m d i2 Y P.m 1 di Y P.m 1 dimension of
GASKET.
Selection of Gasket
Types of Gaskets to be used in given fluid service is depends on the parameters
such as:
Temperature – Gasket material must withstand entire design temperature
range of the fluid it handles.
Pressure – Gasket material must withstand entire design pressure range of
the fluid it handles.
Corrosion resistance – Gasket material should not corrode when it comes
in contact with the fluid it handles or by the environmental exposure.
Types of fluid – Gasket material should be capable of dealing with
different type of fluids if installed in line that handles more than one types
of fluids.
Robustness – The gasket must be capable of withstanding all movement
that may occur due to change in temperature and pressure.
Availability – Gasket should be easily available.
Cost – Cheap and unreliable gasket should not be used; at the same
time it should not be costly.
Selection of Gasket
Proper selection of gasket depends upon following factors…
To maintain easy operation of tightening & removal of bolts certain minimum radial
distance should be kept in between bolts and hub of flange.
Minimum bolt circle diameter is given by the following equation.
Where, B = I. D. of shell (pipe), g1 = Thickness of hub or
Db B 2 g1 R shell (ring flange), R = minimum radial clearance
required in between centre of bolt & hub.
N * BS
Also, Db Where, N = No. of bolts
The equation for bolt load required for tightening the gasket before operation is given
by:
Wm 2 H * y * b * G * Y Where, G = diameter at location of gasket
load reaction; Y = gasket seating stress
Upon operating condition, bolt load Wm1 is given by the following equation.
Wm1 Wm 2
Maximum allowable bolt
stress @ atmospheric
Am1 Am 2 Maximum allowable bolt
stress @ operating
temperature
fa fb temperature