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    Module 9

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    Celema Lazo
    The document discusses life in the Philippines during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule. It describes the oppressive political, economic, and social institutions imposed by the Spanish including slavery, an abusive encomienda system of land tenure, and a feudal social structure defined by racial discrimination. The conditions led to the development of nationalism and opposition to the colonial system by figures like Jose Rizal, who sought to reform the system and improve life for Filipinos.

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    Module 9

    Uploaded by

    Celema Lazo
    38 views5 pages
    The document discusses life in the Philippines during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule. It describes the oppressive political, economic, and social institutions imposed by the Spanish including slavery, an abusive encomienda system of land tenure, and a feudal social structure defined by racial discrimination. The conditions led to the development of nationalism and opposition to the colonial system by figures like Jose Rizal, who sought to reform the system and improve life for Filipinos.

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    The document discusses life in the Philippines during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule. It describes the oppressive political, economic, and social institutions imposed by the Spanish including slavery, an abusive encomienda system of land tenure, and a feudal social structure defined by racial discrimination. The conditions led to the development of nationalism and opposition to the colonial system by figures like Jose Rizal, who sought to reform the system and improve life for Filipinos.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    38 views5 pages

    Module 9

    Uploaded by

    Celema Lazo
    The document discusses life in the Philippines during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule. It describes the oppressive political, economic, and social institutions imposed by the Spanish including slavery, an abusive encomienda system of land tenure, and a feudal social structure defined by racial discrimination. The conditions led to the development of nationalism and opposition to the colonial system by figures like Jose Rizal, who sought to reform the system and improve life for Filipinos.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    MISAMIS ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

    Sta. Cruz, Cogon, Balingasag, Misamis Oriental


    Tel. No. 333-5054, Cell No. 09652357351

    COURSE CODE: Soc Sci 221 MODULE NO: 5

    COURSE TITLE: Life and Works of Dr. Jose DATE:


    Rizal

    TOPIC: The Philippines in Rizal’s Time

    INTRODUCTION:

    Rizal lived more than a hundred years ago. He lived n this part of the planet,
    the Philippine archipelago, and in a certain period of time. He is now an important
    part of the Philippine history for his great contribution to the making of the Filipino
    nationhood. The study of Rizal therefore requires the study of the background of
    his life. Now the question is: What was the condition of the Philippines in Rizal’s
    time? This module tries to answer this question by considering the following
    points: a) overview of the Spanish slavery, b) the Spanish colonial system in the
    Philippines, and c) the evils of the Spanish colonial system.The contents of this
    module may also give some of the historical facts that lead Rizal to react against
    the Spanish colonial system with great determination. Rizal saw the grave evils that
    were taking place in the archipelago during his time.

    INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME:

    A. Describe what was the political, economic and social life of the Philippines
    during the 19th century.

    B. Discuss the institutions being imposed by Spain in the Philippines during the
    19th century.

    C. Elaborate on the life of the Filipinos during that time.

    D. Give the importance and relevance of how nationalism was moulded in the
    heart and mind of our national hero.
    DISCUSSION:

    Overview of Spanish Slavery

    The 16th century Spain made it a custom to hold a non christian slave. People
    considered such practiced legitimate. The Spanish city was considered the second
    largest slave market place at the time Legaspi settled in Sugbu. The masters employed
    their slaves to different kinds of work. Slaves were made to work as bakers,
    blacksmith, jewelers, stonemasons, tailors, and weavers. A master could also rent his
    slave to another, or sent his slave for his(master’s) personal debts, or made his slave
    serve a jail in his (master’s) place. Also, two masters might own one slave. Christian
    clergy and religious orders were allowed to hold slaves and even to sell them. This was
    of course an inhuman practice. But people in slave trade considered it morally
    acceptable. This Spanish legal practice on slave trade was also carried over to the
    colonies, such as Filipinas. In fact some Spaniards also had indios as their slaves here
    in this land. And the Spanish Christians - seeing the indio slaves as doing unchristian
    practices, meaning, continuing in their primitive faith- prohibited them to take
    communion.

    The Spanish Colonial System in the Philippines

    a. ) The Political System. The political set up of the Philippines during those times
    was headed by the Governor- General (Capitan Heneral, in Spanish term.) He was
    appointed by the King of Spain for an “ indefinite period of time as loyalty was one of
    the major qualifications of government officials. It was during the time of Adelantado
    Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, then appointed by King Philip II of Spain that portions of
    land (encomienda) were awarded. The governor-general performs dual functions -

    head of the colony - managing the internal affairs of the state as well as the executor

    of the laws of the land. He was also the chief of Royal Audiencia or the Spanish
    Supreme Court in the Philippines where cases were elevated after the failure of cases
    in local courts. He was also the commanding officer of the armed forces particularly
    the navy and the army. His ecclesiastical power then was to settle Church matters
    because there was Union of church and State. In the 19th century Philippines then
    the office of the Governor-general was the most powerful position in the land next to
    the king of Spain and the Ministry of the Indies. In order to check the powers of the
    Governor-General then there were officials being sent by the King- the residencia and
    visitadores. The Residencia are permanent officials who will scrutinize the
    performance of the out-going Governor-General. The incoming Governor-General
    would be probably coming from residencia. Visitador on the other hand will check the
    performance of the Governor-General and they were temporary and different from
    residencia.

    In the local set- up local government was divided into provinces, cities and barangays.
    The provinces were led by the alcalde-mayor who was the executive of the provinces.
    Cities we called, Ayuntamiento that were headed by a petty governor known as the
    “gobernadorcillo”. The little towns we re called pueblos. During the 19th century the
    barangays were headed by a chief known as the cabeza de barangay and they
    served as tax collectors of their constituents.

    b. ) Economic Institutions. The encomienda system or leasehold system became


    one of the main economic programs of Spain in the Philippines. This system however
    was abused by the Spaniards. The 70-30 percentage crop sharing became the most

    abused practise to uneducated farmers because it was usurious. Another form of


    abuse was monopoly system or known as bandala system where the Spaniards
    monopolized the buying and selling of raw materials and middlemen sold them at a
    higher cost. The Galleon Trade was another economic activity at that time where
    “boletas” or tickets were used to purchase goods from the ships though there were ,
    instances when ships never returned due to typhoons or man-mad accidents at sea.

    c. ) Social Institution. Feudalism was the crucial structure in the Philippines during
    the Spanish colonial period. This resulted from the way owned the lands in the
    colony. The structure of Philippine society was pyramidal. It consisted of three layers:

    1) on the top most layer: the Spanish officials, the peninsulares,

    2) On the middle layer: the few favored Filipinos, the mestizos and creollos (those
    Spaniards born in America) and,

    3) On the lowest layer: the indios, considering as the lowest kind of human beings.

    This social structure showed racial discrimination. The peninsulares held the highest
    positions in the government. The mestizos were second class citizens. The indios
    belonged to the lowest class. Religions impositions were very strong at that time where
    Filipinos are subjects under Spanish friars. Marcelo H. del Pilar, known to be one of
    the main propagandist coined the term, “Frailocracy” which prevailed in the
    Philippines

    EXERCISE NO: 5

    Name: _____________________ Subject: ________________


    Year and Section: ___________ Instructor: ______________

    Instructions: Give brief and concise answers to the following questions. No Erasure

    1. In your own words, compare and contrast the government of Spain during those
    times and in our present political system?( 10 points)

    2. Do you think the” triangular system” is better than the “beaurocratic system”?
    prove your answer. ( 5 points)
    3. Are you in favor of the powers of the Governor-General which covers the
    Church and the State? Discuss. ( 5 points)

    ASSESSMENT NO: 09

    Name:______________________________ Subject: ___________


    Year and Section: ____________________ Instructor: ______________

    Instructions: Discuss intensively what is asked for below 10 sentences only.


    (NO Erasure)

    1) The military used the services of the natives for their purposes by employing the
    divide-and rule strategy. The Spaniards recruited the natives in one region to
    support them. But the military merely used them. But the military merely used
    them to put down the revolts in another region. In effect, the Spaniards only made
    the natives or Filipinos fight and kill each other. The lack of national
    consciousness among the natives facilitated the Spaniards’ divide-and rule
    technique.
    If you were one of those being used to fight and kill your brother Filipino, how
    would you feel and respond to such situation? ( 5 points )

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