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    The document discusses public IP addresses, private IP addresses, and network address translation (NAT). It explains that public IP addresses are assigned by internet service providers to identify devices on the internet, while private IP addresses are used within private networks. NAT allows private networks to use private addressing schemes by translating private IP addresses to public IP addresses when communicating externally. The document provides an example network configuration demonstrating NAT, where all internal devices have private addresses but the router connecting to the internet has a public address, hiding the internal network from the outside.

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    The document discusses public IP addresses, private IP addresses, and network address translation (NAT). It explains that public IP addresses are assigned by internet service providers to identify devices on the internet, while private IP addresses are used within private networks. NAT allows private networks to use private addressing schemes by translating private IP addresses to public IP addresses when communicating externally. The document provides an example network configuration demonstrating NAT, where all internal devices have private addresses but the router connecting to the internet has a public address, hiding the internal network from the outside.

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    The document discusses public IP addresses, private IP addresses, and network address translation (NAT). It explains that public IP addresses are assigned by internet service providers to identify devices on the internet, while private IP addresses are used within private networks. NAT allows private networks to use private addressing schemes by translating private IP addresses to public IP addresses when communicating externally. The document provides an example network configuration demonstrating NAT, where all internal devices have private addresses but the router connecting to the internet has a public address, hiding the internal network from the outside.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    31 views6 pages

    Exp 3

    Uploaded by

    neha yarrapothu
    The document discusses public IP addresses, private IP addresses, and network address translation (NAT). It explains that public IP addresses are assigned by internet service providers to identify devices on the internet, while private IP addresses are used within private networks. NAT allows private networks to use private addressing schemes by translating private IP addresses to public IP addresses when communicating externally. The document provides an example network configuration demonstrating NAT, where all internal devices have private addresses but the router connecting to the internet has a public address, hiding the internal network from the outside.

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    of 6

    Understanding Public IP Address & NAT (Network Address

    Translation)

    AIM: To the understand public IP address and NAT.

    APPARATUS:
    NetSim Software Version 12.0.18

    THEORY:

    Public Address:

    A public IP address is assigned to every computer that connects to the Internet where
    each IP is unique. Hence there cannot exist two computers with the same public IP
    address all over the Internet. This addressing scheme makes it possible for the
    computers to “find each other” online and exchange information. User has no control
    over the IP address (public) that is assigned to the computer. The public IP address is
    assigned to the computer by the Internet Service Provider as soon as the computer is
    connected to the Internet gateway.

    Private Address:

    An IP address is considered private if the IP number falls within one of the IP


    address ranges reserved for private networks such as a Local Area Network (LAN).
    The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three
    blocks of the IP address space for private networks (local networks):

    Private IP addresses are used for numbering the computers in a private network
    including home, school and business LANs in airports and hotels which makes it
    possible for the computers in the network to communicate with each other. For
    example, if a network A consists of 30 computers each of them can be given an IP
    starting from 192.168.0.1 to 192.168.0.30.

    Devices with private IP addresses cannot connect directly to the Internet.


    Likewise, computers outside the local network cannot connect directly to a device
    with a private IP. It is possible to interconnect two private networks with the help of
    a router or a similar device that supports Network Address Translation. If the private
    network is connected to the Internet (through an Internet connection via ISP) then
    each computer will have a private IP as well as a public IP. Private IP is used for
    communication within the network whereas the public IP is used for communication
    over the Internet.
    Network address translation (NAT):

    A NAT (Network Address Translation or Network Address Translator) is the


    virtualization of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. NAT helps to improve security and
    decrease the number of IP addresses an organization needs.

    A device that is configured with NAT will have at least one interface to the inside
    network and one to the outside network. In a typical environment, NAT is configured
    at the exit device between a stub domain (inside network) and the backbone. When a
    packet leaves the domain, NAT translates the locally significant source address into a
    globally unique address. When a packet enters the domain, NAT translates the
    globally unique destination address into a local address. If more than one exit point
    exists, each NAT must have the same translation table. NAT can be configured to
    advertise to the outside world only one address for the entire network. This ability
    provides additional security by effectively hiding the entire internal network behind
    that one address. If NAT cannot allocate an address because it has run out of
    addresses, it drops the packet and sends an Internet Control Message Protocol
    (ICMP) host unreachable packet to the destination.

    NAT is secure since it hides network from the Internet. All communications from
    internal private network are handled by the NAT device, which will ensure all the
    appropriate translations are performed and provide a flawless connection between
    internal devices and the Internet. In the above figure, a simple network of 4 hosts and
    one router that connects this network to the Internet. All hosts in the network have a
    private Class C IP Address, including the router's private interface (192.168.0.1),
    while the public interface that's connected to the Internet has a real IP address
    (203.31.220.134). This is the IP address the Internet sees as all internal IP addresses
    are hidden.
    Network Setup:
    Open NetSim and click Examples > Experiments > Understanding-Public-IP-
    Address-and-NAT

    > Sample-1 as shown below:

    NetSim UI displays the configuration file corresponding to this experiment as shown


    below:

    PROCEDURE:
    The following set of procedures were done to generate this sample:
    Step 1: A network scenario is designed in NetSim GUI comprising of 6 Wired
    Nodes, 2 L2 Switches, and 4 Routers in the “Internetworks” Network
    Library.

    Step 2: In the INTERFACE (ETHERNET) > NETWORK LAYER of the Wired


    Nodes, the IP Address and the Subnet Mask are set as per the table given
    below:
    Step 3: The IP Address and the Subnet Mask in Routers are set as per the table given
    below:

    Step 4: Right click on the Application Flow App1 CBR and select Properties or click
    on the Application icon present in the top ribbon/toolbar.

    A CBR Application is generated from Wired Node 7 i.e. Source to Wired Node 10
    i.e. Destination with Packet Size remaining 1460Bytes and Inter Arrival Time
    remaining 20000µs.

    Additionally, the “Start Time(s)” parameter is set to 50, while configuring the
    application. This time is usually set to be greater than the time taken for OSPF
    Convergence (i.e. Exchange of OSPF information between all the routers), and it
    increases as the size of the network increases.
    Step 5: Packet Trace is enabled, and hence we are able to track the route which the
    packets have chosen to reach the destination.
    Step 6: Run the Simulation for 100 Seconds.

    Output:
    After simulation open Packet Trace and filter Packet ID to 1.

    SOURCE_IP – source node IP (Node)


    DESTINATION_IP – gateway IP (Router/ Node)
    GATEWAY_IP – IP of the device which is transmitting a packet (Router/ Node)
    NEXT_HOP_IP – IP of the next hop (Router/ Node)
    Source node 7 (10.0.0.2) wouldn’t know how to route to the destination and hence its
    default gateway is Router 1 with interface IP (10.0.0.1). So, the first line in the above
    screenshot specifies packet flow from Source Node 7 to L2 Switch 6 with
    SOURCE_IP (10.0.0.2), DESTINATION_IP (10.0.0.1), GATEWAY_IP (10.0.0.2)
    and NEXT_HOP_IP (10.0.0.1). Since Switch is Layer2 device there is no change in
    the IPs in second line. Third line specifies the packet flow from Router 1 to Router 2
    with SOURCE_IP (10.0.0.2), DESTINATION_IP (13.1.1.1- IP of the router
    connected to destination. Since OSPF is running, the router is looks up the route to
    its destination from routing table), GATEWAY_IP (11.1.1.1) and NEXT_HOP_IP
    (11.1.1.2) and so on.

    RESULT:

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