Advanced Engineering

Advanced Engineering,
Materials & Technologies Group
Integrating advanced engineering,

materials and technologies to create
unparalleled innovation
This is the primary logo for
Eckersley O’Callaghan
communications. Whenever
possible the logo should be
positioned left aligned.
Glass Wippe GlassTec 2018

Messe Dusseldorf
Sedak
Glass seesaw constructedThe logotype is the most visible
entirely from transparent
element of our identity – a universal
signature across all Eckersley

O’Callaghan communications that
acts as a guarantee of quality.
components, including its

bearing mechanism, utilising
transparent structural silicone
in a way never attempted before
About us
01
We have developed
an international Contents
01 Pushing Boundaries
02 World Leaders
reputation for boldness 03 New Challenges

04 Developing Details
and bravery, pushing

05 Digital Design
Founded in 2004, Eckersley 06 Developing the
O’Callaghan collaborates with Extraordinary
boundaries across
visionary clients across the world 07 Sustainable Choices
on state-of-the-art projects, pushing 08 Thinking Differently
the boundaries of what is possible.
Our iconic work with innovative and

complex materials has received every material, form,
scale, and use
some of the highest accolades in the
industry, and we are synonymous with
pioneering new advances in design
and engineering.
eocengineers.com
1
As we have grown and evolved
as a practice, so too has our culture

and design process. This, in turn,
has inspired and emboldened us Advanced Engineering,
The logotype is the most visible

to take on ever more ambitious

technical challenges.
Of course, every ground-breaking

project we complete is both exciting
and rewarding. However, we believe
that our people, tools and design
processes tell a far more interesting
story, with the intrinsic properties of
different complex materials perfectly
intertwined with how we think and
develop our engineering designs.
Contents
02 World Leaders
03 New Challenges
05 Digital Design
2 1 Transparency is key
Informal discussions allow
3
06 Developing the
our engineers to share and Extraordinary
build on new ideas
07 Sustainable Choices
2 Apple Piazza Liberty
Milan, Italy
08 Thinking Differently
Foster + Partners
A curtain of water, created
by a series of jets running over
8m tall glass panels, provides
both a focal point for the
amphitheatre and a striking
entrance to the store beneath
3 Professor James O’Callaghan

lecturing at TU Delft
Integrating research and
development into our core
culture with university
partnerships is vital
eocengineers.com
Working intensively with any material This is particularly true when it 1 Apple Marunouchi 4
Tokyo, Japan
produces a close working relationship comes to more innovative structural Foster + Partners
8m tall glass facade that
with a designer, engineer or fabricator – design, where greater justification resists high seismic loads
one that allows them to really get to know of its technical viability and and movements up to 85mm Advanced Engineering,

its intricacies and associated challenges. environmental performance 2 Finite Element Analysis
(FEA) stress analysis
is required by local authorities. Understanding and measuring
seismic loads and tolerances
Glass, for example, is often viewed through in-depth analysis
as a simple material. However, its 3 Seele Autoclave
transparency belies its complexity and Pushing glass fabrication
technology to discover 5
without the relevant technical expertise new possibilities
on hand, it is extremely challenging 4 Apple Causeway Bay
to truly understand, question and Hong Kong
Bohlin Cywinski Jackson |
communicate this unique material’s Woods Bagot
This project features glass
capabilities to clients and collaborators. panels that were 15m tall, the
largest ever fabricated and
required additional justification
to the Hong Kong Building
Authorities
5 Dilworth Park
Philadelphia, US
Kieran Timberlake Contents
These entrances to the city’s
transport network are among
the largest constructions 02 World Leaders
of laminated structural glass
ever erected 03 New Challenges
05 Digital Design
06 Developing the
3 Extraordinary
1 08 Thinking Differently
eocengineers.com
1

Investment in research and Contents

development combined with 01 Pushing Boundaries
continuous learning from past 02 World Leaders
projects is at the core of our culture 03 New Challenges
at Eckersley O’Callaghan. 04 Developing Details
05 Digital Design
Thanks to our leadership position 06 Developing the
within the industry, we are working Extraordinary
with key decision makers to create 07 Sustainable Choices
a growing awareness of, and active 08 Thinking Differently
contribution towards, ever more
sustainable design and technology.
In short, we are using the latest

advances to push the sustainability
agenda to create a real and lasting
impact that supports the future of
our planetary health.
1 Topology optimisation
In-depth design analysis
allows for more sustainable
designs that maximise
performance and minimise
material volume/weight
eocengineers.com
1 Bharat Vandana Park 4 Adjacent angles colour 2 3 positioned left aligned. 4
Delhi, India gradient
Arcop Associates | Assessing kink angles
rat[LAB]Studio
Analysis of a one-of-a-kind 5 Tropicalia
footbridge connected to nine Côte d’Opale, France The logotype is the most visible
diagrid steel pylons Coldefy & Associés Architectes Materials & Technologies Group
Urbanistes
2 Panel clustering Applying technical expertise
Finding common shapes to design the world’s largest
within limited tolerances of new biodome
large-scale complex structure
3 Beam length colour gradient

Assessing geometry and
regularity patterns
Contents
02 World Leaders
03 New Challenges
05 Digital Design
On glass-centric projects, our 5
06 Developing the
role is to provide the specialist Extraordinary
technical expertise for performance, 07 Sustainable Choices
clear navigation of the possible 08 Thinking Differently
options, and ability to challenge the
industry to develop new solutions
and products.
Our inquisitive culture and use

of the latest digital design tools
have infiltrated their way into
every project we do, extending
across the business and deployed
on our non-glass projects too,
so that we can shape the future
of many more ground-breaking
and pioneering projects.
eocengineers.com
Our Glass History For almost 20 years, Eckersley 2004 Apple Soho 2012 Apple Jungfernsteig, 2015 Apple Sky Plaza 2018 Apple Sands Cotai
New York, US Hamburg, Germany Guangzhou, China Macau, China

O’Callaghan has been at the cutting Bohlin Cywinski Jackson
Laminated glass fittings
Bohlin Cywinski Jackson
In partnership with
Foster + Partners
The first-ever finless

Foster + Parters
First stone interlayer
edge of glass design and looking to stair treads – a unique Sedak, this first-of-its monolithic glass facade, laminated within glass.
and eye-catching design kind project laminated reaching 12.5m in height.
back across our history, it is clear Advanced Engineering,
feature developed with the titanium fittings into 2018

Glass Wippe GlassTec
why we have the skill and confidence glass fabricators, Sedak,
and patented by Apple.
the middle of the glass
stringer (balustrade) as
2017 Apple Park
California, US
Messe Dusseldorf
Sedak
to make innovative leaps into the opposed to a traditional Foster + Partners Glass seesaw constructed
2005 Apple 5th Avenue Mark I hole in the glass. This curved glass facade entirely from transparent
future of complex design projects. New York, US is the largest format ever components, including its
Bohlin Cywinski Jackson 2012 Venus to use cold bent glass, bearing mechanism, utilising
This bold, iconic glass Philippe Starck with 800 panels (14m transparent structural
Our own story runs in parallel entrance structure
featured 10m tall splice
Replacing small glass
windows with 10m long
long and 3m high). silicone in a way never
attempted before.
with some of the most significant laminated glass columns curved glass – the first 2017
Steve Jobs Theater
that had never been time ever used on a California, US 2019
Thin and flexible glass
advances in glass technology many used before on a project yacht. Foster + Parters An R&D study concept
through our long term collaboration of this scale.
2014 Apple Zorlu
The largest carbon
fibre roof in the world
utilising cold-bent high-
strength glass to create
with Apple, which has shaped, 2009 Apple Pudong Istanbul, Turkey supported solely by glass. a pavilion.
Shanghai, China Foster + Partners
developed, and refined our approach Bohlin Cywinski Jackson Another first, with glass 2021 A
pple Marina Bay Sands
Singapore
and culture. We worked with
fabricator, North Glass,
used to structurally
support a CFRP (carbon Foster + Partners
who built the first fibre reinforced polymer) The largest structure
machine of its kind to roof, sitting on only four in the world to use glass as
Here are just a few of the seminal be able to make these panes of glass. the primary bracing element.
13 large, curved glass
moments that we are proud to have panels – never before
Contents
played a pivotal role in. developed at this scale.

02 World Leaders
03 New Challenges
05 Digital Design
06 Developing the
Extraordinary
2004 2005 2012 2014 2017 2018 2019

2009 2012 2015 2017 2018 2021
eocengineers.com

D printed glass
3
lattice structures
Future of glass Contents
Research project 01 Pushing Boundaries
with the Centre for Additive
Manufacturing at the University 02 World Leaders
of Nottingham, using finite
element analysis (FEA) to
03 New Challenges
optimise the potentially 04 Developing Details
revolutionary Powder Bed
Fusion process used to 05 Digital Design
manufacture this new part
With cast glass introducing 06 Developing the
new possibilities to increase the Extraordinary
sustainability credentials of this widely 07 Sustainable Choices
used material, the future of glass could 08 Thinking Differently
not be more exciting.
Through our own research and

development, we are also investigating
the possibility of using thin, flexible glass
technologies (more commonly used on
mobile phones) for use in buildings, as
well as ways to make 3D printing of glass
more viable.
We are also capitalising on the advances

being made in curved glass industrial
processes to make it more efficient,
working with manufacturers to integrate
media into the fabric of glass, and
looking into new transparent materials
for new and different applications. eocengineers.com
Complex and Material Engineering Group | World Leaders

Case Study Awards

Steve Jobs Theater, California — IStructE Structural Artistry Award 2018

A landmark venue for Apple — SentryGlas Innovation Award for
Engineering 2018 Advanced Engineering,

Steve Jobs Theater

California, US
02
Foster + Partners
The pure simplicity of the structure
belies its complex engineering
Our in-depth
understanding Contents
of complex
02 World Leaders
03 New Challenges
materials and
05 Digital Design
06 Developing the
technologies
Extraordinary
makes us
world leaders
in our field
eocengineers.com
Case Study Awards



How do you apply Over the last 15 years, Eckersley

O’Callaghan’s close relationship with
In addition, the structural criteria were
also particularly challenging given the
innovative design and Apple has been accompanied by a rapid properties of glass with its inherent
evolution in structural glass technology, brittleness requiring detailed analysis
engineering technology for

and the Steve Jobs Theater represents to fully justify safe design – not to
a culmination of these advances. mention the fact that Cupertino is
in a highly seismic zone.
a true technology pioneer? As a true technology pioneer, it is fitting
that Apple’s new landmark venue for Consequently, we employed several
product launches was designed using strategies to protect against
innovative technology, some of which earthquakes and transfer seismic
has never been seen before on energy, including curved glass panels
The largest structure in the world to Location Cupertino, California fixed at their base with structural Contents
a structure of this scale. 01 Pushing Boundaries
be solely supported by glass, the Steve silicone into a steel channel. Steel plates
Jobs Theater includes several features Client Apple 02 World Leaders
For example, it is the largest structure were also engineered to deform before
that have never been seen before on Architect Foster + Partners 03 New Challenges
in the world solely supported by glass, the glass breaks, safeguarding the
a structure of this scale. 04 Developing Details
with an 80 tonnes roof supported by a integrity and robustness of the overall
Date 2017 05 Digital Design
7m tall glass cylinder, made up of glass structure. 06 Developing the
panels, each consisting of four layers Extraordinary
of 12mm thick plies, which hold up the Working closely with Foster + Partners, 07 Sustainable Choices
roof without any additional support. we also engineered the design of the 08 Thinking Differently
world’s tallest free-standing glass
We also designed the structural elevator, which stands 12.8m tall
system so that the conduits, sprinkler and corkscrews on helical guides
pipes, data, audio and security systems to facilitate an exit point 171 degrees
in the roof could be accommodated rotation from entry.
in the 30mm joints between the
12.8m 47m glass panels.
the tallest free-standing glass diameter of carbon fibre roof

elevator in the world
80 tonnes 44
roof supported by a radial panels assembled on site
7m tall glass cylinder
eocengineers.com
Case Study Awards



1 47m diameter 1 Carbon Fibre Typical CFRP 5

carbon fibre roof Reinforced Polymer Section
C
onstruction (CFRP) Ring The inherent complexity of
sequence of
roof panels working with glass has given
2
Design for me a rigour in my design
simplicity
Fit out of
approach which I now apply
internal space to all of my projects.”
Ian Langham
Director of Advanced Engineering
Contents
02 World Leaders
3 Construction
engineering
03 New Challenges
Lifting of roof onto 04 Developing Details
glass cylinder
05 Digital Design
4 Roof blade
CFRP panel
06 Developing the
fabrication Extraordinary
5 Creating unique 07 Sustainable Choices
The world’s tallest
free-standing glass
elevator to rotate
on helical guides
supported by glass
2 3 4
eocengineers.com
Case Study Accreditation

Two Taikoo Place — LEED Platinum

Reshaping the office landscape — BEAM Plus (HK) The logotype is the most visible
Dolorporest litaspe rcipid ut

ipitaqui reptatus estemolup
tat volor aut eateniet
Two Taikoo Place
The full-height glazing of
the lobby creates a dramatic
entrance to this stunning
building
Contents
02 World Leaders
03 New Challenges
05 Digital Design
06 Developing the
Extraordinary
eocengineers.com


How do you contribute to a Eckersley O’Callaghan provided facade

and specialist glass engineering services
The facade was designed as a
unitised system with 3m wide units
bold sustainability strategy

for Swire Properties’ iconic new addition offering uninterrupted views to Hong
to their Taikoo Place development Kong Harbour. In addition, geometric
which sets new standards in energy optimisation studies of the conically
that will set new standards performance. curved corner panels were performed
to reduce the number of unique panels
in Hong Kong? Across the 190m tall facade, we used
the latest developments in glazing
by 60% and maximise the number of
glass fabricator suppliers. This resulted
production to ensure high levels of in a cost reduction without affecting the
light transmission, designed external architectural intent.
shading fins to reduce solar gain and
Standing 195m tall, Two Taikoo Place Location Hong Kong chose insulated glass units with high The building’s base also features a Contents
has a 15m tall podium at its base, which performance coatings. Together, 15m tall podium facade, realised in a 01 Pushing Boundaries
features the world’s tallest prestressed Client Swire Properties 02 World Leaders
these measures formed part of an frameless structural glazed system using
rod full-height glass facade and the first Architect Wong
& Ouyang | energy efficiency strategy that enabled integrated pre-tensioned stainless steel 03 New Challenges
of its kind in Hong Kong. 04 Developing Details
NBBJ the project to achieve BEAM Plus (HK) rods – a first of its kind in Asia.
05 Digital Design
and LEED Platinum certifications.
Date 2021 06 Developing the
Extraordinary
Geometric optimisation studies 08 Thinking Differently
This process transformed the cone geometry panels briefed by the architect (Step 1) into as close to
cylindrical panels as possible which, in turn, saved cost. We analysed different cylinders (Step 2) –
measuring their radius, orientation, and position – to find the best fitting. We then looked at how much
this deviated from the original cone (Step 3) where corners are usually the toughest measurement to
match. Finally, we placed the optimised cylinders back into the building model (Step 4) to find a very
small deviation which would not be noticeable to the eye.
15m 235mm
tall glazing fabricated from four 12mm deflection accommodated in the
glass plies glass under typhoon load
14 tonnes 20m
load supported by 52mm x 48mm high long steel beams supporting Step 1:
Original conical
Step 2:
Optimising cylindrical
Step 3:
Measuring deviation
Step 4:
Rationalised glass
strength stainless steel rods pre-tensioned rods panel panel to find best facade geometry
cylinder (radius,
orientation, and
position)
eocengineers.com


Deflection analysis of the 15m tall Curtain wall detailing

pre-tensioned rod facade under
typhoon load
Unitised curtain wall

crown glazed facade
with extruded
Pre-tensioned Inspired by aluminium shading fins
facade area footbridge design,
supported by steel this unique facade
beams spanning features a slide
up to 20m between bearing joint to
reinforced allow for thermal
concrete columns deformation of Unitised curtain wall
steel beam 3m wide units – which
are unusually large –
including 1.5m wide
operable windows Contents
and vertical aluminium
shading fins 01 Pushing Boundaries
02 World Leaders
03 New Challenges
Corner units curved 04 Developing Details
panels 05 Digital Design
06 Developing the
Extraordinary
Podium facade-
world’s tallest
prestressed rod
and full height facade
Ground floor facade
Rod connection
details hidden in the
supporting beam.
With tall facade
panels, high wind
loads and complex
geometry, this was
the first time the
design was used on Two Taikoo Place
a project of this scale Installation of the
as the Hong Kong glazed curtain wall
building department
had never approved a
system like this before
eocengineers.com
Case Study
Apple Marina Bay Sands

A floating glass engineering marvel The logotype is the most visible

Singapore
Foster + Partners
Combining sophistication,
refinement and simplicity,
the dome’s slender steel frame
appears to float on the iridescent
Marina Bay with the glass used
to brace the structure
Contents
02 World Leaders
03 New Challenges
05 Digital Design
06 Developing the
Extraordinary
03
We are part of a strong network

of industry experts, working
to better understand new
challenges and how best to
overcome them eocengineers.com
Case Study

How do you get a 30m wide Eckersley O’Callaghan carried out

the structural and facade engineering
bent into shape. Again, this was the first
time that this type of bending had ever
glass domed retail store to

for the first-ever Apple Store to sit been used at this scale before.
directly on water. We also undertook
a site supervisory role for this amazing, A central circular domed panel of
appear to float on water? unique building which appears as
a sphere that floats on Singapore’s
glass, the Oculus, crowns the top
of the dome. In the event of a fire,
iridescent Marina Bay. the adjacent glass panels rise up
to release smoke inside the building.
The sphere itself is a first-of-its-kind, In addition, circumferential baffles
glazed dome structure that is fully self- around the dome act as glare protection
supported and comprises 114 panels and acoustic attenuation panels.
Apple Marina Bay Sands is the tech Location Singapore of glass with only 10 narrow vertical We provided the full superstructure Contents
giant’s most ambitious and iconic store mullions for structural support. design from concept through to 01 Pushing Boundaries
to date. It uses sleek steel framing and Client Apple 02 World Leaders
supervision on site and completion.
individual glass panels to brace the Architect Foster + Partners This stunning, complex and yet 03 New Challenges
structure – a world-first on this scale. 04 Developing Details
deceivingly simple-looking dome Careful consideration of the
Date 2020 05 Digital Design
structure creates a wide open and combination of multiple coatings and
06 Developing the
column free space inside, and in a feat constantly changing frit patterns was Extraordinary
not done before on this scale anywhere key to achieving the strict environmental 07 Sustainable Choices
in the world, we designed the individual performance criteria. 08 Thinking Differently
glass panels to brace and stiffen the
structure rather than use additional The dome’s super slender steel structure
diagonal steel bracing or large moment was designed to retain its lightweight
connections at the joints. appearance. The ability to contain the
various services (including lighting and
We also maximised the size of the sprinkler system) within the cladding and
17m 10 insulated glass panels to limit the
number of joints, hiding them only where
still meet the overall architectural vision
was vital to creating Apple’s trademark
tall structure giving extensive slender vertical mullions for structural there is structure, and increasing the minimalist look inside.
views across the bay framing overall transparency of the building
(the largest of these panels measures
10m wide x 3m tall). To give the dome
114 30m its geometry and to meet the required
environmental performance, the panels
glass panels to create a first-of-its-kind, wide structure creates a stunning open were designed to be conical in shape with
self-supporting structure and column free space inside each individual panel‘warm’ or lamination
eocengineers.com
Case Study

1 2
System to resist loads
Mullion
Glass self-weight Moment

Glass bracing force continuity
Vertical load paths
Horizontal load paths
Main
Transom
Pinned Contents
connection
02 World Leaders
03 New Challenges
05 Digital Design
Vertical mullion supporting
structure in detail
Toggles
support glass out of plane
1 Inside the dome
Looking out onto views
3 06 Developing the
of downtown Singapore Extraordinary
2 Inside the dome 07 Sustainable Choices
Stainles steel tab During construction with
clad and unclad baffles
supports glass vertically
via bearing blocks 3 Detail design development
Initial sketched section
through the cladding
showing the transom glass
support detail
Glazing clamps
support glass out of plane
Stainless steel plate

silicone bonded to glass
to transfer lateral loads
eocengineers.com
Case Study
ICONSIAM Wisdom Hall

Creating views to inspire The logotype is the most visible
04
By developing details for
bespoke design, integrating
different materials and systems,
Contents
02 World Leaders
we always exceed expectations 03 New Challenges

05 Digital Design
06 Developing the
Extraordinary
The unique triangular cable net 1 Looking up

facade forms the centrepiece for The 20m cable net facade
the new ICONSIAM development of the world-class ICONSIAM
development provides
spectacular views across
the Bangkok skyline
eocengineers.com
Case Study

How do you push the Facing towards the Chao Phraya River,
ICONSIAM is a new national landmark
The triangular frame was welded
together, and the cable net tensioned
boundaries to create the

for Thailand and an unprecedented on top of a crash deck. The two lower
breakthrough in all-glass design. corners of the frame were attached
to the main structure using pins that
most awe-inspiring view? ICONSIAM extends over three storeys
and, at its highest point, is home to the
allowed the whole assembly to rotate into
position while being pulled from the apex.
Wisdom Hall – a museum celebrating
Thai history and culture – whose The sidewall glazing is made up of
unique triangular front facade and 72 pieces of on-site bent glass.
glazed sidewalls were engineered Providing contrast to the cable net,
by Eckersley O’Callaghan. the truss structure is positioned
New landmark museum of Thai history Location Bangkok externally and is clad with an aluminium Contents
and culture, with a unique triangular We were challenged to design an skin to provide shading to the interior. 01 Pushing Boundaries
cable net facade designed to optimise Client: SiamPiwat 02 World Leaders
triangular frame with sides that span
transparency, user comfort and give Architect Carpenter | Lowings over 20m and can support cable loads, Standing 20m tall and weighing 80 03 New Challenges
breathtaking views across the Chao 04 Developing Details
Architecture & Design while also considering constructibility tonnes, the cable net is formed with
Phraya River. 05 Digital Design
and allowing for the anchorages to clamps that support up to six glass
Date 2019 06 Developing the
be hidden within the cross section. panels each to provide an optimum Extraordinary
Our solution avoided any internal view of the river and the city. 07 Sustainable Choices
structural elements, using the external 08 Thinking Differently
shading fins as the support structure. Overall, the facade consists of 64
triangular panes of glass held in place
The complex assembly of the 20m by 14 tensioned steel cables connected
tall system undertaken by Seele, was at 21 nodes and works in a similar way
largely done on site to account for the to the strings of a tennis racket. As all
significant sizes. structural elements and connections are
20m 80 tonnes visible, we worked very closely with the
architect to realise the design intent of
tall unique triangular cable net facade weight of the facade transparency.
64 14
Exploded diagram of four glass
frames with central cable clamp
triangular panes of glass tensioned steel cables connected

at 21 nodes
eocengineers.com
Case Study

1 Whole facade assembly 1

Rotated into position while
being pulled from the apex
Supernode connecting and 2 Local analysis model

supporting six glass panels each Showing cable clamp
stresses (cables not shown)
3 Local analysis model

Showing glass frame stresses
(cables not shown)
Locking plate
4 Constructing the facade
Torquing of the cable
end anchors
Contents
Triangular glass frames 02 World Leaders
supporting three glass
panels each
03 New Challenges
05 Digital Design
06 Developing the
Extraordinary
2 3 4
Central node supports

six glass frames and
connects them to the
cable net
Friction clamps
Cables form cable net eocengineers.com

Case Study
Iona SkyDome
Opening up the night sky The logotype is the most visible
1 2
Contents
02 World Leaders
1 Iona SkyDome
Martin Francis
03 New Challenges
The completed dome on Iona 04 Developing Details
2 SkyDome 05 Digital Design
Interior pool area and night-time
entertainment venue
06 Developing the
Extraordinary
3 Construction engineering
05
Dome lifted into place in one
prefabricated assembly
Our digital design skills mean

we work faster and leaner, 3
giving more time to explore

and refine complex design
eocengineers.com
Case Study
Iona SkyDome
How do you optimise a Designed to be the focal point of Iona,

P&O Cruises’ most innovative ocean liner,
As the ship will travel the world many
times, the SkyDome also needed to be
glass dome to be light

the stunning, elliptical glass SkyDome is tested to withstand all kinds of climatic
131 tonnes, 41m long, 30m wide, 4.3m high loads such as wind, snow, rain and hail
and spread over two decks. – for which we conducted tests which
enough to create a cruise No structure of this complexity had
involved firing 45mm diameter balls
of hard packed ice, with mass 45gr
ship world-first? ever been built on a ship before, with the

space underneath featuring a poolside
at 30m/s terminal velocity.
environment by day that transforms Thermal performance requirements

into an entertainment venue at night. had to balance temperatures ranging
between +35/-10˚C. To meet this,
The unique Iona SkyDome is Location The sea As such, the SkyDome’s design had we used an insulated glass unit (IGU) Contents
engineered to withstand large to overcome a number of substantial with a high-performance coating, 01 Pushing Boundaries
forces at sea, while giving passengers Client Carnival Group challenges, with weight minimisation helping us to reduce the thermal losses 02 World Leaders
spectacular uninterrupted views of a key consideration. To achieve this, (U-value = 1.6 W/m2K), limit the solar gain 03 New Challenges
Designer Martin Francis
the sky and the ocean. No structure the shape of the dome was optimised (g-value=0.34) and keep the transparency 04 Developing Details
of its complexity had ever been built Date 2021 using gravity loading as a form-finding of the glass at a high level (Light 05 Digital Design
on a cruise ship before. method for the roof geometry, as were Transmission =70%). 06 Developing the
the individual member sizes to use the Extraordinary
minimum material possible. In doing this Given the SkyDome’s unique structure 07 Sustainable Choices
we also had to balance the weight with and situation, Eckersley O’Callaghan 08 Thinking Differently
the dome stiffness so that the frequency also had to overcome strict design codes
of the structure was within the allowable set by the marine regulatory bodies.
range. Moreover, to reduce wasted glass This meant we had to take a sensitive
material, the shape of each panel was approach to design, with each innovative
defined based on the maximum width aspect having to prove its structural
the glass panes could be cut. capabilities from first principles and
1st 970m2 The deformation of the support structure
by rigorous testing before approval.
dome ever to be built on a cruise ship glass dome due to the ship movement under hogging,
sagging and torque were applied in the
FEA model. Apart from the movements
at ultimate limit state, the impact of these
350 131 tonnes movements on the behaviour of the dome
against fatigue was also investigated.
panels of 3x3m triangular insulated structure and glazing
glass units
eocengineers.com
Case Study
Iona Skydome
While automated beam sizing The structure of the SkyDome

isn’t innovative in itself, is an elliptical structural steel
our novel implementation Global buckling of grid-shell roof made up of
accounted for the global the gridshell roof equilateral triangles. The
buckling behaviour – often shape has been optimized
critical in the design of using gravity loading as a
3x3m equilateral
gridshell structures form-finding method for the triangle glass
roof geometry panels
Contents
The ring beam is 01 Pushing Boundaries
fixed in all degrees
of freedom to a Tension ring 02 World Leaders
around the
curved steel wall
perimeter 03 New Challenges
of the dome 04 Developing Details
05 Digital Design
06 Developing the
Facade mullions,
fixed on bottom,
A continuous
elastomeric Extraordinary
to provide vertical sliding support
is placed on a
supports along
Analysis model
automatically the sides of the steel pedestal 08 Thinking Differently
dome along the back
generating side of the dome
beam sizes
1 Construction 1
Quality inspection of joints
Finite Element
Analysis (FEA)
model of a typical
3x3m glass panel
under uniformly
distributed load and
point load – tested to
withstand all kinds of
climatic loads
eocengineers.com
Case Study
K11 Art & Cultural Centre

Sculpting a new typology of facade The logotype is the most visible
1 K11 Art and Cultural Centre,

Hong Kong
06
KPF | SO-IL Architects
Completed facade
2 James O’Callaghan
Performing quality
Through research and

inspections on tube edges
Contents
development conducted with

02 World Leaders
03 New Challenges
our industry network and

05 Digital Design
06 Developing the
university partners, we are

Extraordinary
developing the extraordinary 2
eocengineers.com
Case Study

How do you sculpt an Located at the top of the multi-storey

K11 development, the cutting-edge
Having investigated different
fabrication techniques to produce the
innovative new facade

Art & Cultural Centre in Hong Kong’s tubes, the project used gravity bending
cultural district is wrapped around to slump the heated flat sheets of glass
a rooftop sculpture terrace with over a mould and join the two halves.
while accounting for severe magnificent views out across the city. Considering the curvature of the glass,
we were able to minimise the thickness
environmental conditions? Eckersley O’Callaghan worked
with SO-IL architects and specialist
of the build-up which in turn increased
its transparency.
contractor Seele to engineer a tubular
glass facade that would envelop the All tubes are base supported, with the
curved spaces and create a distinctive panels over the entrance and openings
The K11 Art & Cultural Centre is a new art Location Hong Kong visual statement. supported on the adjacent full-height Contents
museum in Hong Kong, with a unique glass cylinders via a mechanical 01 Pushing Boundaries
facade that pushes the boundaries of Client New World 02 World Leaders
Unique and ground-breaking, this connection bolted through the glass.
glass fabrication technology. Development 03 New Challenges
sculptural glass facade pushes new Movements from the supporting
Architects PF | SO-IL
K boundaries in fabrication, installation, structure are accommodated through
05 Digital Design
Architects and the advancement of the closed vertically released connection details
06 Developing the
cavity facade system (CCF) used. at the top restraint. Extraordinary
Date 2020 It consists of 300 glass half and full 07 Sustainable Choices
tubes (9m tall and 900mm diameter), The tubes have been designed to 08 Thinking Differently
wrapping 170m around the sixth and withstand typhoon loading, with
seventh floors. climatic loading and condensation
being another consideration. The
Translating SO-IL’s vision into reality required volume of air to be circulated
required a process of research and in the facade far exceeded that in
working collaboratively with the a traditional double layer facade,
450mm 307 client, architect, fabricators and
M&E consultants to overcome the
requiring a novel solution. Together
with Seele, we were able to implement
radius for the tightly bent glass cylinders cylinders wrap around the building never-been-done-before aspects a new, state-of-the-art CCF system
perimeter of the design. within the tubes to stop the risk of
condensation building up.
The facade underwent year-long
9m 300m testing and development before it was
installed on site. Producing glass tubes
tall glass tubes facade linear length of such tight radius on this scale had not
been done before, either.
eocengineers.com
Case Study

1 Laminating clean room

Bonding together separate plies
of glass
1 2 4
Contents
02 World Leaders
5
03 New Challenges
05 Digital Design
3
06 Developing the
Extraordinary
2 Inside the tubes 4 Simulation of solar radiation

Sleek connection Sun exposure at different times
detailing creates of the day to check temperature
increased transparency and consequent stress
through the facade differentials across the tubes
3 Pivotal connection 5 Simulation analysis of

detail between the sun exposure
two half tubes Ground-breaking analysis of the
Creating the seal to keep shading around a building
the tubes airtight and
form the waterproofing
for the building
eocengineers.com
Case Study
Glass recycling research

Mapping the production processes of the glass industry The logotype is the most visible
Glass cullett
Broken glass and waste
Contents
glass to be recycled 01 Pushing Boundaries
02 World Leaders
07
03 New Challenges
05 Digital Design
We develop our own

06 Developing the
Extraordinary
embodied carbon 08 Thinking Differently
assessment tools to
influence, inform and
create sustainable
choices for our clients
eocengineers.com
Case Study

How do we change the way Currently, less than 1% of glass is

recovered from buildings in the UK.
This is the result of a successful
legislation within the packaging
our industry thinks about

That represents more than 180,000 industry. All of us in the supply chain
tonnes of embodied carbon being have responsibility to provide solutions
downgraded each year. In the context within individual spheres of influence,
recycled glass? of the Climate Emergency, those
figures are unacceptable. Over the last
providing a framework for simple and
effective impact. Ultimately legislation
two years, we have tasked one of our and regulation will follow and will be
research groups with finding out why forced on those in the industry that
so little flat glass is being recycled, aren’t already participating.
and what our industry can do to turn
things around. There are already individual companies
Glass has a big part to play in our As a key player in the glass industry, leading by example and providing Contents
future, but it is facing headwinds. we believe that it is our responsibility While previous studies have analysed opportunities for flat glass collection 01 Pushing Boundaries
to help resolve this conflict, to fully glass production in the construction while profiting from the services they 02 World Leaders
We recognise that its use is being participate in the dialogue ahead industry, our team considered the provide. But as it stands, this is just a 03 New Challenges
challenged by the need for better and, as a practice, to focus on the 04 Developing Details
glass industry as a whole, investigating drop in the ocean, so together we must
energy efficiency and needs to technology and innovations associated 05 Digital Design
production and delivery processes bring about the change that’s needed.
evolve, but it is also vital not to lose with energy control, as well as its future 06 Developing the
for glass packaging and glass fibre Extraordinary
sight of what we compromise by as a structural material. in addition to flat glass, and then
rationing light into our buildings. 07 Sustainable Choices
evaluating the ways these different 08 Thinking Differently
uses are subsequently reused and
recycled (see diagram on next page).
Our team has conducted hundreds

of hours of interviews with experts
from every link in the supply chain, from
< 1% 180,000 raw mineral extraction, manufacture
and supply, transport, installation, right
glass recovered from buildings tonnes of carbon downgraded each year through to demolition, disposal and
recycling. We have been able to identify
the areas where the different production
processes overlap and where our
1.2 tonnes 300 kWh industry falls short in terms of reusing
the material. For example, in glass
raw material saved for every tonne saved for every tonne of recycled glass packaging, there is a steady recycling
of recycled glass used in cullet used in cullet rate of approximately 75% and a well-
established supply chain for recycling.
eocengineers.com
Case Study

Glass production cycle Return circular flows

The links we have identified for Flat glass production process
each strand of the glass supply Fibre glass production process
chain, from production through Container glass production process
to disposal and recycling, while
identifying the potential for the
application of circular economy
principles.
Material
fabrication
Product fabrication Consumption Recovery Sorting and grading End of life
Contents
02 World Leaders
03 New Challenges
05 Digital Design
Fabricator
plant Commercial Demolition Waste broker AGGREGATE 06 Developing the
contractor contractor Extraordinary
GLASS 08 Thinking Differently
REPROCESSOR
Flat glass production Van collection
Domestic contractor
Automotive
plant
Treatment
facility
Fibre glass production LANDFILL

Consumer Bottle
RAW MATERIAL banks
EXTRACTION Container glass
production
Filling plant Kerb side Mixed recycling

facility
eocengineers.com
Case Study
Sky Pool
A technical and aesthetic tour de force The logotype is the most visible
First of its kind

Constructed from transparent
08
acrylic panels and connecting
two apartment buildings, Sky Pool
is a truly remarkable feat of 21st
century engineering
Curiosity and
thinking differently Contents
enables us to 02 World Leaders

03 New Challenges
investigate new 05 Digital Design

06 Developing the
materials and
Extraordinary
systems and to
solve the most
technically
challenging
problems
eocengineers.com
Case Study
Sky Pool
How do you create a The world’s first fully transparent

swimming pool, Sky Pool is a lightweight
In addition, the two buildings are
subject to normal movements,
completely transparent
structure that bridges the 10th floors which are inherent to buildings of
of two residential buildings which form this scale including wind sway and
part of developer EcoWorld Ballymore’s foundation settlement. The pool
swimming pool 10 floors up? Embassy Gardens development in
south London.
structure deals with these movements
by avoiding rigid connection at both
ends; it slides on bridge bearings
Constructed in clear acrylic, the side while maintaining watertightness.
walls of the pool are 180mm thick,
3.2m deep and its base is 360mm thick. An additional 5m length of pool sits over
The whole pool weighs 50 tonnes and the buildings at each end – constructed
The first of its kind and a truly Location London contains a total of 150 tonnes of water in stainless steel – to make a total Contents
remarkable feat of engineering, (100 tonnes of which is carried by the length of 25m. They are tied together 01 Pushing Boundaries
Sky Pool is a transparent swimming Client EcoWorld Ballymore 02 World Leaders
acrylic ‘bridge’). across the acrylic by two high strength,
pool spanning 15m between two Architects HAL Architects spring-tensioned, stainless steel rods 03 New Challenges
apartment buildings ten storeys 04 Developing Details
Because of its size, Sky Pool was 38mm in diameter which sit beneath
in the air. Date 2021 05 Digital Design
constructed by Reynolds Polymer the pool.
06 Developing the
in separate sections with transparent Extraordinary
bonded joints cleverly designed to A bonded acrylic structure also 07 Sustainable Choices
maximise the bond area and avoid offers less intrusive joints and 08 Thinking Differently
areas of high stress. connections and greater transparency.
The refractive index of acrylic, close
While Sky Pool forms the spectacular to the value for water, will also result
centrepiece of the new Estate, allowing in much less distortion than glass
swimmers a dizzyingly clear view of the when viewing through the water
park 35m below, Eckersley O’Callaghan or from outside.
15m 148,000 addressed some significant engineering
challenges when developing the Fabricated in the US, it was shipped
bridge span between buildings litres of water contained in the pool structural solution for this project. to London and lifted into position in
one piece.
The side walls, for example, form deep
beams capable of spanning the 15m
35m 7 distance between the buildings, whilst
carrying the weight of the water, and
suspended high in the air separate acrylic elements bonded resisting the hydrostatic water pressure
together to form the pool on the sides and the wind loads.
eocengineers.com
Case Study
Sky Pool
1 1 What’s the frequency? 3

Analysis of natural
frequencies of the pool
structure and water
sloshing frequencies.
These were compared
to each other to assess
whether interaction of the
vibration modes was likely
2 Unique attention to detail

Analysis of differential
building movement on
structure and bearings
3 Transparent and
effortless
The lack of visible
structure gives the Sky
Pool a magical quality
Contents
02 World Leaders
03 New Challenges
05 Digital Design
06 Developing the
Extraordinary
2
Building movement Differential lateral movement Differential longitudinal
Sky Pool Both ends rotate around the movement inward
Pivot point pivot point No movement on Block A
pivot point
Rotation around
pivot point
A A B
B
Differential longitudinal Combined lateral and

movement outward longitudinal movements
No movement on Block A Block A rotates around pivot as per
pivot point lateral movement. Block B is the
summation of lateral and longitudinal
eocengineers.com
A B A
B
Contact The logotype is the most visible

Ian Langham

Director of Advanced Engineering

[email protected]
Contents
02 World Leaders
03 New Challenges
05 Digital Design
06 Developing the
Extraordinary
eocengineers.com

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Advanced Engineering,

Materials & Technologies Group

Integrating advanced engineering,

Glass Wippe GlassTec 2018

Materials & Technologies Group

components, including its

reputation for boldness 03 New Challenges

and bravery, pushing

Our iconic work with innovative and

as a practice, so too has our culture

Materials & Technologies Group

to take on ever more ambitious

Of course, every ground-breaking

3 Professor James O’Callaghan

Materials & Technologies Group

The logotype is the most visible

Investment in research and Contents

In short, we are using the latest

3 Beam length colour gradient

Our inquisitive culture and use

New York, US Hamburg, Germany Guangzhou, China Macau, China

feature developed with the titanium fittings into 2018 

2004 2005 2012 2014 2017 2018 2019

The logotype is the most visible

Through our own research and

We are also capitalising on the advances

Complex and Material Engineering Group | World Leaders

Case Study Awards

Steve Jobs Theater, California — IStructE Structural Artistry Award 2018

Materials & Technologies Group

Steve Jobs Theater

Case Study Awards

Steve Jobs Theater, California — IStructE Structural Artistry Award 2018

Materials & Technologies Group

How do you apply Over the last 15 years, Eckersley

engineering technology for

the tallest free-standing glass diameter of carbon fibre roof

Case Study Awards

Steve Jobs Theater, California — IStructE Structural Artistry Award 2018

Materials & Technologies Group

1 47m diameter 1 Carbon Fibre Typical CFRP 5

Case Study Accreditation

Two Taikoo Place — LEED Platinum

Dolorporest litaspe rcipid ut

Case Study Accreditation

Two Taikoo Place — LEED Platinum

How do you contribute to a Eckersley O’Callaghan provided facade

bold sustainability strategy

Case Study Accreditation

Two Taikoo Place — LEED Platinum

Deflection analysis of the 15m tall Curtain wall detailing

Unitised curtain wall

Ground floor facade

Apple Marina Bay Sands

Apple Marina Bay Sands

We are part of a strong network

Apple Marina Bay Sands

How do you get a 30m wide Eckersley O’Callaghan carried out

reputation for boldness 03 New Challenges

3 Professor James O’Callaghan

3 Beam length colour gradient

feature developed with the titanium fittings into 2018

we always exceed expectations 03 New Challenges

The unique triangular cable net 1 Looking up

1 Whole facade assembly 1

Supernode connecting and 2 Local analysis model

3 Local analysis model

1 K11 Art and Cultural Centre,

1 Laminating clean room

2 Inside the tubes 4 Simulation of solar radiation

3 Pivotal connection 5 Simulation analysis of

1 1 What’s the frequency? 3

2 Unique attention to detail