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(Weeks 1 & 2)
Practical
Research 1
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Nature of Inquiry and
Research
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Nature and Inquiry and Research. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module consists one (1), namely:

• Lesson 1 – Nature of Inquiry and Research

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. share research experiences and knowledge;
2. explain the importance of research in daily life;
3. describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research;
4. differentiate quantitative from qualitative research; and
5. provide examples of research in areas of interest.

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. How does qualitative research differ from quantitative research?

A. Qualitative research is descriptive while quantitative research is pure

experimental.
B. Qualitative research is done by beginners while quantitative research is done by
the experts.
C. Qualitative research presents data in words while quantitative research presents
data in numbers.
D. Qualitative research ensures quality of related literature while quantitative
research counts on quantity of related literature.

2. The following statements are the importance of research EXCEPT _______________.

A. Research can lead to expansion of knowledge and new discoveries.

B. It helps us find ways to allocate scarce resources accordingly.
C. It may not help in studying the effects of observed phenomena.
D. It develops critical thinking and analysis.

3. A researcher studies one gifted student in order to better understand how this
student’s school day differs from that of more typical students. This is a qualitative
study because of the following reasons EXCEPT _____________.

A. It aims to analyse cases and situations using numerical data.

B. It aims to investigate existing situations or problems.
C. It aims to provide solutions to problems.
D. It aims to explore or analyze more certain issues.

4. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of research?

A. To construct or create new procedures or systems

B. To serve as a basis for decision-making
C. To deprive someone of the knowledge he/she needs to know
D. To prove or disprove a theory

5. Which of the following is the advantage of qualitative research?

A. It is instrumental for positive and societal changes.

B. It involves a lot of researcher’s subjectivity in data analysis.
C. It is hard to know the validity or reliability of the data.
D. It is open-ended questions yield “data overload” that requires long-time analysis.

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 Lesson
Nature of Inquiry and
1 Research
Lesson 1 introduces the key concepts of research: its definition, importance,
characteristics, processes and ethics in conducting a study. Moreover, this lesson
also distinguishes the differences between the two (2) approaches in research which
are qualitative and quantitative.

What’s In

Share your Experiences!

Instructions: Answer the following questions based on your experiences in the past.
Write your answers on the blank provided.

1. Have you ever experienced asking questions to search for answers? What
questions did you ask about?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. How did you ask those questions to your interviewees?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Based on your experience/s, how did you feel after getting the answers you have
been seeking for?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Notes to the Teacher

All activities need your expertise and supervision.
Please, take time to have consultations along the
research process.

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 What’s New

Research has played a very important role in every aspect of profession,

education, business, economy, culture and so. It has become a tool for the
improvement of a particular organization or institution.

“We learn more by looking

for the answer to a question
and not finding it than we do
from learning the answer itself.”
-Lloyd Alexander-
1. What does the author mean about the statement?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

What is It

Is Research Necessary?

Research is derived from the words “re” meaning again, a new or over again
and “search” meaning to examine closely and carefully, to test and try, or to probe.
Together they form a noun describing “a careful, systematic, patient study and
investigation in some field of knowledge, undertaken to establish facts or principles”.
In other words, Research is a “structured enquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific
methodology, to solve problems and create new knowledge that is generally
applicable”. Scientific methods consist of systematic observation, classification and
interpretation of data. It is important because a) it can expand knowledge and new
discoveries; b) it can help us look for ways to allocate scarce resources accordingly;
and c) it can develop critical thinking and analysis skills (Kothari, 2002). Thus, it is
necessary.

In conducting research, there are certain ethical principles that a researcher

should possess to ensure important moral and social values are. Žukauskas,
Vveinhardt and Andriukaitienė (2017) emphasize that the researcher must possess
honesty, objectivity, morality, integrity, carefulness, openness, respect to intellectual
property, confidentiality, responsible publication, legitimacy and anti-
discrimination.

If the researcher possesses honesty, s/he does not fabricate, falsify, or

misrepresent data; objectivity, if s/he avoids or minimizes bias or self-deception;
morality, if s/he possesses the code of conduct that would be accepted by anyone;

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integrity, if s/he keeps his/her promises and agreements; carefulness, if s/he avoids
careless errors and negligence; openness, if s/he is open to criticism and new ideas;
respect to intellectual property, if s/he learns to acknowledge ideas and give credits
to the rightful owner; confidentiality, if s/he discloses sensitive and personal
information to protect the identity of the person; responsible publication, if s/he
avoids wasteful and duplicative publication; legitimacy, if s/he gives accurate results
of the study; and anti-discrimination, if s/he does not discriminate someone else’s
culture, tradition, language, race, et.

There are two (2) approaches/processes to research namely quantitative and

qualitative researches. Quantitative research is based on collecting and analyzing
numerical data. It concentrates on measuring the scale, range, and frequency of
phenomena, among other factors. On the other hand, qualitative research is more
subjective in nature. It involves examining and reflecting on the less tangible aspects
of a research, such as values, attitudes, and perceptions.

What’s More

Activity 1.1. Let’s Compare and Contrast!

Instructions: Identify the similarities and differences of quantitative approach from
qualitative approach through a Venn diagram.

Quantitative Qualitative
Research Research

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Rubric for Activity 1.1.
Criteria Description/s Points
Content 5 Comprehensiveness of information and ideas
Organization 5 Presentation of ideas
Grammar 5 Free from ungrammatical structures and misspelled
words

What I Have Learned

Activity 1.2. Tell What You’ve Got!

A. Instructions: Answer the following questions based on what you have understood
in the above article.

1. What is research?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Is research important to our daily lives? If yes, how?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Based on your own understanding, how does research affect the lives of every
individual? How does it affect our society?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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 What I Can Do

Activity 1.3. Let’s Dig Deeper!

A. Provide the information needed. Fill your answers on the space provided.

What are the purposes

of Research?

1._________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2._________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3._________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4._________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

5._________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

B. Patrick conducted a research study in his Qualitative Research subject entitled

“The Traditions, Language and Literature of B’laan Tribe in South Cotabato: An
Ethnographic Study.” He took five (5) participants to be interviewed following the
inclusion criteria that he set. He made sure that the participants are not divulge to
protect their identity. On the other hand, he used voice recorder, field notes and an
interpreter to make sure that the data he gathered are correct and free from any
errors. He was also taking extra precautions to use words that are free from any
forms of biases and discriminatory words that may hurt the culture of B’laan tribe.
Moreover, in order to support the research findings, Patrick cited related literature
and studies and gave credits where the credit is due. What are the ethical principles
that Patrick observed in the study he conducted? Why did you say so? What ethical
principles did he not observe? Is it necessary for him to use those ethical principles?

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__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Assessment

Instructions. Identify the word/s being described. Write your answer/s on the space
provided.

_________________1.It is a structured enquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific

methodology, to solve problems and create new knowledge that is generally
applicable.

_________________2.These refer to the moral and social values that a researcher

should possess in conducting a research.

_________________3.It is an approach in research that is more subjective in nature. It

involves examining and reflecting on the less tangible aspects of a research, such as
values, attitudes, and perceptions.

_________________4. It is an approach in research that is based on collecting and

analyzing numerical data. It concentrates on measuring the scale, range, and
frequency of phenomena, among other factors.

_________________5. It consists of systematic observation, classification and

interpretation of data.

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 Additional Activities

Activity 1.4 Let’s Do Some Research!

Instructions: Look for a sample research (of any topic) that uses qualitative approach
as a method in conducting the study. Then, answer the following:

a. What is the title of the research paper?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b. Who is/are the author/s?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

c. What are the research questions used by the researcher/s?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

d. Who are the respondents/participants of the study?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

e. What are the findings and the conclusion/implication of the study?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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References
Introduction to research and research methods. (2014). Retrieved
from, http://www.brad.ac.uk/management/media/
management/els/Introduction-to-Research-and- Research-Methods.
Žukauskas, P., Vveinhardt, J. & Andriukaitienė, R. (2017). Research ethics.
Retrieved from, https://www.intechopen.com/
books/management-culture-and-corporate-social-responsibility/
research-ethics

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