PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City

College of Teacher Education

Impact of Family Problem on the Academic Achievement of CTE student in the

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter contains an introduction and background of the study. It is followed by

the study’s theoretical framework, research paradigm, statement of the problem,

hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and delimitation of the study, and definition

of terms.

Introduction

Family is the basic components of the society, the parents are the most

important source of youth’s behavior, which can affect their behavior and academic

performance. There is no such thing as the perfect family. Every family is unique

with their own combination of strengths and weaknesses. Every family undergoes a

certain problem, and these problems can affect their children. The children who are

affected by these problems has a negative effect on their studies. Family problem is

the most hindrance in the student academic performance. Due to these problems,

they might absent in their class and probably this might cause student to stop

studying.
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education

Background of the Study

The researcher aims to study family problem, because the researcher herself

experienced family problems and she noticed that families are not perfect and

having a problems about family may affect you as a student and also as a child

because when the researcher was a child she experienced broken family and it

really affect her academic performance .The researcher also notice that lot of

families are facing some kind problems, such as financial problems, parents issues

which may directly affect the children especially students who go to schools. When

students come in class with any kind of family problem that will become burden to

their mind and due to the problem, they have no energy or they will not take interest

in their studies.

Theoretical Framework

The following are the concept use in this study: Family Problem, Academic Performance.

The family may be seen as the primary relationship context that the individual

characteristics traits and ensuing the patterns of behavior are learned and reinforce.

Behavior of one person in the family may be connected with the behavior of other people

within the family. This theory is all about conception of casualty that connects the problem

behavior of one person with the surrounding behavior of the other family problems, this

my occurs when the both parents of a child is experiencing a misunderstanding that may

lead to physical abuse, verbal abuse and separation and the child is witnessing this kind
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education

of abuse and he will adapt this kind of behavior throughout their growth. There are two (2)

presuppositions of family system theory (FST), (1) one cannot communicate and (2)

people are constantly attempting to define the nature of their relationship. Ray, W. (2017)

as mentioned by the authors, the students in Indonesia who have a good

academic performance usually have higher income, better employment benefits, and

more advancement opportunities and also, they have more higher self-esteem and self-

confidence and this may help them to pursue more to have a good academic

performance, the authors also stated that students who had a good performance in school

has a low level of anxiety and depression. However, the authors mentioned that a

correlation study in Arba Minch University in South Ethiopia has reported that the trend of

graduating student is not proportional to the trend of enrolled students and more students

commit readmission due to the poor academic performance, this poor performance of

students in Ethiopia is product of unemployment, Poverty, homelessness, drug elicit,

social isolation, insufficient health insurance. Beyond the quality of schools, various

personal and family factors, class attendance, and High school grades have been

proposed to influence poor academic performance, and also there are other factors such

as teaching skills, study hours, the family size and parental involvement may have an

association with the academic performance of a student that may lead to them to have a

low performance or poor performance. Tadese,M.,et al.,(2022),

 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education

Figure 1

VARIABLE 1

Family Problem

Figure 2

VARIABLE 2

Academic Performance
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education

Research Paradigm

This research paradigm has considered the researcher's viewpoint as to how the

data in their study should be presented, which strengthens the theoretical framework and

the research's aims. This will emphasize as to how family issues impair pupils' academic

performance. In order to achieve an outcome for this study, this paradigm will be also

based on the independent and dependent variables method.

Figure 3

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

1. Respondent’s Profile
A. Age
B. Gender
C. Year/Level
D. Major
E. General Weighted Average of 2nd Year
for the1st semester A.Y 2021-2022
F. General Weighted Average of 2nd Year
for the 2nd semester A.Y 2021-2022
G. General Weighted Average of 2nd Year
for the Summer Class A.Y 2021-2022
H. General Weighted Average of 3rd Year
for the 1st Semester A.Y 2020-2021
I. General Weighted Average of 3rd Year Family Problem
for the 2nd Semester A.Y 2020-2021
J. General Weighted Average of 3rd Year
for Summer Class for A.Y 2020-2021
K. General Weighted Average for 3rd Year
1st Semester A.Y 2021-2022
L. General Weighted Average of 3rd Year
for 2nd Semester A.Y 2021-2022
M. General Weighted Average of 3rd Year
for Summer Class A.Y 2021-2022
2. Academic Performance of the respondents
based on their general weighted average in the
school year 2020-2022
A. Family Problem
B. Academic Performance
3. Is there significant relationship between the
family problem and the academic performance of
the students?

THE OUTPUT
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education

The Research Paradigm of the Study

Figure 3 shows the conceptual Framework of the independent variable and dependent

variable and the output.

Under INDEPENDENT VARIABLE, is the demographic profile of the respondents in

terms of: age, gender, year level, Major, and their general weighted average during the 1 st

and 2nd semester of year 2020-2021 and 2021-2022

Under DEPENDENT VARIABLE, family problem

The OUTPUT are the result and the proposed output of the study which is

an_______

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to understand the relationship between academic performance & family

problem on how the family problem can affect the studies of student in Putatan

Muntinlupa City. Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions;

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents?

1.1. Age

1.2. Gender

1.3. Year Level

1.4. Major

1.5. General Weighted Average of 2nd year for the 1st semester A.Y 2021-2022

1.6. General Weighted Average of 2nd year for the 2nd semester A.Y 2021-2022

1.7. General Weighted Average of 2nd year for the Summer Class A.Y 2021-

2022

1.8. General Weighted Average of 3rd year for the 1st semester A.Y 2020-2021
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education

1.9. General Weighted Average of 3rd year for the 2nd semester A.Y 2020-2021

1.10. General Weighted Average of 3rd year for the 1st semester A.Y 2021-2022

1.11. General Weighted Average of 3rd year for the 2nd semester A.Y 2021-2022

1.12. General Weighted Average of 3 rd year for the Summer Class A.Y 2021-

2022

2. What is the Level of Agreement of the Respondents in Terms of Family

Problem

3. What is the Level of Agreement of the Respondents in Terms of Academic

Performance

4. Is there a significant relationship between Family Problem and Academic

Performance of College Students.

5. Based on the result of the present study, what intervention program may

be proposed.

Hypotheses

H01: There is no significant relationship between family problem and academic

performance of the selected respondents.

Significance of the Study

This study hopes to establish an understanding on the impact of family problems on the

academic performance of CTE students of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa.

 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education

furthermore, the study could be of importance to the following aims to contribute

significantly to the following;

Parents- This study will be benefits the parents because they will find out what impact the

family problem has on their child's academic performance

Students- this study will serve as a resource on how the students can figure out how to

handle the family problem that they experience that may not affect their academic

performance.

Teacher – this study could be importance to the teacher to have an idea of teacher

handles his student experiencing a family problem.

Future Researcher – The ideas that presented may be used as a reference data in

conducting new researchers or in testing the validity of other related findings. This study

will also serve as their cross-reference that will give them a background or an overview of

the impact of family problem to the student of College of Teachers Education

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study covers and focused on (20) respondents in College of Teacher

Education course in Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa. This study was mainly focus

on the negative impact of family problem in academic performance of student of College

of Teacher Education.
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education

Definition of Terms

Family Problem- a family problem is a type of problem that every family can experience

or experience.

Academic Performance- Academic performance is a basis to determine whether a child

has reached the level of learning or did not meet the goal of the school.

Mental Health- mental health is a type of disorder in which it refers to a person's

behavior.
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter contains a review of related literature and studies that deal with Family

Problem and Academic Performance.

Review of Related Literature

The primary relationship environment in which an individual's features,

behaviors, and resultant patterns of behavior are learnt and reinforced may be viewed as

the family. The behavior among one member of the family may have an influence on how

other members of the household behave. This concept is all about the notion of casualty,

which interconnects the inappropriate behavior of one person to the surrounding

problematic behavior of other family issues. This may eventuate when a student's parents

disapprove, which may lead to physical, verbal, or perhaps even mental abuse.

Children who suffer from family problem are usually mentally unstable, they

have no focus on things that they do on the everyday basis. Moreover, these children who

witnessed the problem are tended to be more mature when it comes to decision making.

Being in an unrepentant home is difficult for students returning home from school because

their parents might always be in a state of arguing and apparently children are the one

who is affected by their problems and this might be tough for students to cope up with that

kind of environment.
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education

Family systems theory places primary focus on exchanges of behavior that

take place in a given moment of interaction between members of the family. The theory

maintains that patterns of interaction between family members call forth, maintain, and

perpetuate both problem and nonproblematic behavior. Nonpathology-oriented, family

system theory seeks to identify and bring forth reconstitutive behavioral exchanges

between family members. Emphasis is placed on identifying and interrupting repeating

sequences of behavioral exchanges of which the problem behavior is a part. When these

problem-perpetuating patterns are successfully interrupted, the problem behavior

dissipates and treatment is complete. (Ray, W. 2017)

As mentioned by the authors, students in Indonesia who have a good academic

performance/achievements usually have higher income, better employment benefits, and

more advancement opportunities and also they have more higher self-esteem and self-

confidence and this may help them to pursue more to have a good academic

performance, the authors also stated that students who had a good performance in school

has a low levels of anxiety and depression. However, the authors mentioned that a

correlation study in Arba Minch University in South Ethiopia has reported that the trend of

graduating student is not proportional to the trend of enrolled students and more students

commit readmission due to the poor academic performance, this poor performance of

students in Ethiopia is product of unemployment, Poverty, homelessness, drug elicit,

social isolation, insufficient health insurance

 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education

Students who have high academic records performance typically have high

possibility to have a high income, good opportunities, and more possibilities for career

advancement. I notice that student who have high self-esteem and confidence sometimes

this will help the students to have a courage to able to seek more opportunities to gain.

Moreover, it includes in the study that undergrads students with such a low academic

achievement is usually a product of family problem, unemployment

Review of Related Studies

The results demonstrated that teens' educational attainment can be significantly predicts

by the family environment and the characteristics of their peer interactions. In accordance with

the KHB test, peer level of interaction has a 27.5% facilitating ratio in the process in which a

positive family environment affects academic achievement. The family environment's influence

upon academic performance as well as the quality of peer interactions is influenced by the

educational expectation gap. Hence, it is important to recognize that the home environment,

peer interaction quality, and educational expectation gap play a significant role in order to

accurately comprehend the academic achievement of junior high school kids in the process of

socialization.

The findings showed the family environment and peer interaction quality can

positively predict adolescents’ academic achievement. Using the KHB test, peer
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education

interaction quality plays a partial mediating role in the process of family environment

positively affecting academic achievement, and the mediating ratio is 27.5%. The

educational expectation gap moderates the effect of the family environment on academic

achievement and also on peer interaction quality. Therefore, from the perspective of

environment and important others, to correctly grasp the academic achievement of junior

high school students in the process of socialization, it is necessary to recognize that the

family environment, peer interaction quality, and educational expectation gap play an

important role.

Based on the author's findings, it states that a student's academic performance is

based on what family environment they have and what kind of peers are around them. It

also states that family, friends and educational expectations play an important role in a

student's life. Having a healthy family environment is a big factor in having a high

academic performance because for students, They are more likely to feel more and less

likely to be in trouble if their family environment is well-and non-toxic compared to

students who experience family problems, often with more thoughts and more weight so

that students often have low academic performance. Since their family structure is healthy

and non-toxic as opposed to the students who are experiencing family problems, they

have more thoughts, are essentially more anxious, and are more likely to fail classes than

the students who have a positive environment. As an outcome, they are more likely to feel

more relaxed and less likely to be in distress.

 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education

The findings showed the family environment and peer interaction quality can

positively predict adolescents’ academic achievement. Using the KHB test, peer

interaction quality plays a partial mediating role in the process of family environment

positively affecting academic achievement, and the mediating ratio is 27.5%. The

educational expectation gap moderates the effect of the family environment on academic

achievement and also on peer interaction quality. Therefore, from the perspective of

environment and important others, to correctly grasp the academic achievement of junior

high school students in the process of socialization, it is necessary to recognize that the

family environment, peer interaction quality, and educational expectation gap play an

important role. (Zhao, L. & Zhao,W.)

Synthesis of Related Literature and Study

The researcher found out that most of the result of the studies found out that family

problem has an impact to the academic performance of the students this may occur when

students can’t handle the situation they have with in their home, it also discussed in the

study that students who experienced family problem tend to have a poor performance in

their school and this may cause to students to have a low esteem. The researcher will

assume that there is a significant relationship between the family problem and the

academic performance.

Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education

This chapter discusses the methods and procedures used in the study. Included

are the research design, respondents of the study, research instrument, the phases of the

study and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

The researcher itself used descriptive; correlational as the research design

for the two variables: Family problem and Academic Performance of the students. This

design is descriptive because it seeks to define and broaden the study's variable. The

study is correlational because it aims to describe the relationship between family problem

and academic performance of the students. This present study is quantitative as the

researcher used statistical treatment to explain if a relationship exists between the two

aforementioned variables. The reference for this descriptive correlational research is the

study of Lazaro (2020)

Respondents of the Study

The study was focused on the students of College of Teacher Education of the

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa. Thirty students from juniors and sophomores

were randomly selected. Fifteen are from sophomores and 15 from juinors. All of these

respondents were selected through random sampling. This sampling method is conducted

where each student has a capability to become part of the sample.

In this study, the researcher used sophomores and juniors who are currently

enrolled of the school year 2022-2023 as their respondents.

 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education

Sampling Technique

As part of a purposive sampling method, all of the sophomore and junior

college of CTE were requested to answer to the survey questionnaire that will be

used to gather the study data. The respondents were chosen because they have

the unique characteristics of being a college student.

Research Instrument

The researcher used survey questionnaire the use of printed copy to seek the

impact of family problems in the academic performance of the college students of the

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa. The survey consisted of three parts. First, the

demographic profile of the respondents which gathers the respondent’s profile such as

their age, gender, year level, major and their general weighted average during the 1 st and

2nd semester, summer class A.Y 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. Second, a set of ten (10)

statements about the level of problem in the family. Third, is another ten (ten) statements

about their academic performance.

Data Gathering Procedure

As the researcher received the approval of the Dean to conduct this study, the

researcher printed a copy of survey questionnaire and give it to the 2 nd year and 3rd year

students of CTE. For each respondent, they answer the questionnaire and the researcher

wait until they are done to answer. The survey questionnaire consists of numerous grids,

and each indication just requires one response from the respondents. After all the
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education

respondents completed the survey questionnaire, the researcher tallies the response of

the respondents.

Validation of Instrument

The survey questionnaire was handed to professionals for their opinions and ideas

after being submitted to the guide for initial comments, and their suggestions were

incorporated.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Since the present study is a descriptive, correlational study that involved two

nominal variables, the following statistical tools were used:

1. Frequency - the number of responses pertaining to each statement,

question or profile.

2. Ranking - the numerical data was arranged from highest to lowest.

3. Percentage - was used to determine the percentage distribution of the

respondents considering the frequency of each response.

Formula for Percentage:

f
P= ·100
n

Where:

p= Percentage

f= number of responses

n = Total number of responses

 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education

4. Weighted Mean - was used to determine the progression of the responses

Formula for Weighted Mean:

X=
∑ f (x)
N

Where:

X = Weighted Mean (WM)

x = Weighted mean of each respondent

N = Total number of responses

f = frequency of each statement

5. Pearson Product Moment Correlation - was used to measure the strength

and direction of the association that exists between two variables on an

interval scale

Formula for Pearson Product Moment of Correlation:

N ∑ xy−(∑ x)(∑ y )
r=
√¿¿

Where:

r = correlation coefficient

x = summation of x - variables

y = summation of y – variables

x2 = squared of x - variables

y2 = squared of y - variables

xy = product of x and y
PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
College of Teacher Education