Balance - Testing
Balance - Testing
Balance - Testing
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Guidance Document for Calibration of Document No. GD07 /09
Mass(Weighing Scale & Balance) Revision no. 0
Effective Date. 2021- 05- 17
CONTENTS
1. Classification of Groups and sub-groups ................................................................. 2
2. Reference ..................................................................................................................... 4
9 Sample Scope............................................................................................................ 18
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Calibration of Mass(Weighing Scale & Balance) Effective Date. 2021- 05-17
Table-1
*Note 1: Permanent facility for their internal use only and not meant for external customer.
Note 2: This technical requirement is based on the above-mentioned guideline. Lab may
follow any relevant standard; however, care shall be taken to follow the
requirements in totality.
Table-2
Semi-micro
3. d = 0.01 mg=0.00001g 5 I
balance
d = 50 mg to 1 mg = 0.05g
5. Precision balance 2 to 3 II
to 0.001g
Table-3
Accuracy Class Verification of Number of Verification Minimum
Scale Interval, e Scale Intervals, n = Max/e Capacity,
Minimu Maximum Min (Lower
m limit)
*It is not normally feasible to test and verify an instrument e< 1mg, due to uncertainty of
the test loads.
2. Reference
Table - 4
Resolution
Capacity 0.01mg or
100g 10g 1g 100mg 10mg 1mg 0.1mg
less
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Up to
M1 M1 F2 F1 E2
200g
200g to
M1 M1 F2 F1/E2 E2 E2
1kg
1kg to
M2 M2 M1 F2 E2 E2 E2
30kg
30kg to
M2 M1 F2 F1 E2
100kg
Above
M2 M1/F2 F1 E2
100kg
Table - 5
Capacity Calibration Readability Required Error Error Selectable
of the weight accuracy of as per as per class as per
balance required weight E2 F1 class
(Readability/3) Class class requirement
1000g 1kg 0.01g=10mg 10/3=3mg 1.6mg 5mg 1.6mg
From the above table it is clear that we need to select 1kg of E2 class for calibration of the
above balance.
Note 1: Based on the historical data validity of reference weights may be extended upto 5
years for E1.
Note 2: Lab cannot calibrate balances using lower class of accuracy weights than
required.Accuracy
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Table-
Nomina Maximum Permissible Error for weights (± m in mg)
l Value E1 E2 F1 F2 M1 M1-2 M2 M2-3 M3
5000 kg 2500 8000 25000 50000 80000 160000 250000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2000 kg 1000 3000 10000 20000 30000 600000 100000
0 0 0 0 0 0
1000 kg 1600 5000 1600 50000 10000 16000 300000 500000
0 0 0
500 kg 800 2500 8000 25000 50000 80000 160000 250000
200 kg 300 1000 3000 10000 20000 30000 60000 100000
100 kg 160 500 1600 5000 10000 16000 30000 50000
50 kg 25 80 250 800 2500 5000 8000 16000 25000
20 kg 10 30 100 300 1000 3000 10000
10 kg 5.0 16 50 160 500 1600 5000
5 kg 2.5 8.0 25 80 250 800 2500
2 kg 1.0 3.0 10 30 100 300 1000
1 kg 0.5 1.6 5.0 16 50 160 500
500 g 0.25 0.8 2.5 8.0 25 80 250
200 g 0.10 0.3 1.0 3.0 10 30 100
100 g 0.05 0.16 0.5 1.6 5.0 16 50
50 g 0.03 0.10 0.3 1.0 3.0 10 30
20 g 0.02 0.08 0.25 0.8 2.5 8.0 25
5
10 g 0.02 0.06 0.20 0.6 2.0 6.0 20
0
5g 0.01 0.05 0.16 0.5 1.6 5.0 16
6
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Table - 7
Permanent Onsite Mobile
Sr. No. Class
Facility Calibration Facility
1. E1 Yes* Yes Yes
2. E2 Yes* Yes Yes
3. F1 Yes* Yes Yes
4. F2 Yes* Yes Yes
5. M1 Yes* Yes Yes
6. M2 Yes* Yes Yes
An instrument for which particular limits of working temperature are stated in the
descriptive markings shall comply with the metrological requirements within those limits.
The limits may be chosen according to the application of the instrument.
3.3 Vibration: The Calibration area shall be free from vibrations generated by central
air-conditioning plants, vehicular traffic and other sources to ensure consistent and uniform
operational conditions.
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3.5 Acoustic Noise: Noise level shall be maintained less than 60 dBA, it affects
adversely the required accuracy of measurement.
a) The weighing values are different when the weighing height changes.
b) The further a weight is from the centre of earth, the smaller the gravitational
force acting on it. It decreases with the square of the distance. Example: The
weight display changes when the weighing is performed at 10 m higher
(moving from the first floor to fourth floor of a building). To determine the
weight of a body, the balance measures the weight force i.e., the force of
attraction (Gravitation force) between the earth & the weighing sample. The
force depends essentially on the latitude of the location & its height above sea
level (distance from the centre of earth).
c) The nearer a location is to the equator, the greater the centrifugal acceleration
due to the rotation of the earth. The centrifugal acceleration counteracts the
force of attraction (Gravitation Force).
d) The poles are the greatest distance from the equator & closest to the earth
centre. The force acting on a mass is therefore greatest at the poles.
Example: In the case of 200 g weight that shows exactly 200.00000 g on the first floor, the
following weight result on the fourth floor (10m height).
200g × r2 / (r + Δ)2
e) The formula to determine the mass needed to obtain the required force is as
follows:
Where:
m = mass of the weight (true mass)
g = gravity at fixed location, m/s2.
It is very important the gravity value for the location where the weight is to be
used to be established. Not using the correct gravity for the location will
result in significant errors.
α = air density - Mass per unit volume of air (kg/m 3)
ρ = material density - A quantitative expression of the amount of mass contained
per unit volume. The standard unit is the kilogram per meter cubed (kg/m 3 )
f = required force
Calculation Example
Note: This example calculation was performed using a standard value for air
density and material density. To minimize uncertainty, the actual value for the air
density at the place of use and the density of the material should be used.
3.7. Mains Power supply: An instrument operated form a mains power supply shall
comply with the metrological requirements if the power supply varies:
5. Calibration Method
d) OIML-R-111-1 Weights of classes E1, E2, F1, F2, M1, M1-2, M2, M2-3 and
M3 metrological and Technical requirements.
e) OIML R 47- Standard weights for testing of high capacity weighing machine.
6. Calibration Procedure
d) the normal conditions of use (air currents, vibrations, stability of the weighing
site etc.) are suitable for the instrument to be calibrated,
6.2.1 Repeatability Test: This test is carried out at max load capacity and half load
capacity of the balance under calibration. At least 10 readings for balance up to 10 kg and
5 readings for balance above 10 kg shall be taken and the standard deviation gives the
repeatability values. Maximum of the two should be considered for uncertainty calculation.
6.2.2 Linearity Test or Departure of Indication from the Nominal Value: The
departure of indication from nominal value or the linearity of the scale is measured at
sufficiently equally spaced points over the ranges of the balance to ensure safe
interpolation, if needed between these points. Usually minimum 10 such readings are
taken including no load and the maximum capacity load.
6.2.3.1
Eccentric loading
a) The indication for different positions of a load shall meet the maximum
permissible errors.
c) On an instrument with a load receptor having 'n' points of support, with n>4,
the fraction 1/(n-1) of the sum of the maximum capacity and the maximum
additive tare effect shall be applied to each point of support.
(e.g. tank, hopper...) a test load corresponding to 1/10 of the sum of the
maximum capacity and the maximum additive tare effect shall be applied to
each point of support.
e) On an instrument used for weighing rolling loads (e.g. vehicle scale, rail
suspension instrument) a rolling test load corresponding to the usual rolling
load, the heaviest and the most concentrated on which may be weighed, but
not exceeding 0.8 times the sum of the maximum capacity and additive tare
effect shall be applied at different points on the load receptor.
A B C
5 2 5 2 5 2
1 1
1
4 3
4 3 4 3
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For the reference weights used in calibration of balance/ comparator at permanent lab or
at site facility.
8. Measurement Uncertainty
The components of measurement uncertainty to be considered but are not limited to the
following:
a) Repeatability.
c) Resolution
8.1.1 Uncertainty due to Repeatability: At least six repeated readings shall be taken
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with a weight near to the maximum capacity of the balance or the range to be calibrated.
Estimated standard deviation will be the repeatability contribution.
WhereD is the difference between maximum and minimum values from the eccentricity
test performed according to OIML R 76-2; d1 is the estimated distance between the
centres of theweights and d2 is the distance from the center of the load receptor to one of
the corners.
Note: When 10 readings are taken for estimation of repeatability error, the contribution of
eccentricity need not be added to the uncertainty.
For a digital balance with the scale interval, d, the uncertainty due to resolution
is:
ud = (d/2/√3)
us = (Us/k)
F = k * SD (max) + U (Cmax)
Where,
the balance.
The calibration certificates issued to the customer shall be in accordance with clause
7.8.1.2 ofISO/IEC/17025:2017. Apart from that it shall also include the following:
e) Declaration that, the calibration certificate issued for weighing balance used
for scientific or industrial purposes only.
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8.4.1 CMC value is not the same as expanded uncertainty reported in the calibration
Certificate/Report. CMC values exclude the uncertainties which are attributed to the UUT
(Unit under test/calibration).
8.4.2 For the purpose of CMC evaluation, the following components should be
considered:
a) Type A uncertainty
c) Uncertainty due to drift in reference standard weight (due to wear and tear,
transportation or temperature variation)
Calibration of weighing balance done by any accredited laboratories is meant for scientific
and industrial purpose only. However, if used for commercial trading, additional
recognition/ approval shall be complied as required by Dept. of Legal Metrology,
Regulatory Bodies, etc.
9 Sample Scope
As per
OIML R-
76-1
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