Literasi Bahasa Inggris Alphastude#5
Literasi Bahasa Inggris Alphastude#5
Literasi Bahasa Inggris Alphastude#5
A manufacturer creates GMOs by introducing genetic material, or DNA, from a different organism
through a process called genetic engineering. Most currently available GMO foods are plants, such
as fruit and vegetables. All foods from genetically engineered plants on sale in the United States are
regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They must meet the same safety
requirements as traditional foods.
There is some controversy over the benefits and risks of GMO (Genetically Modified Organism)
foods. There are some discussions of the pros and cons of GMO crops by taking into account their
potential effects on human health and the environment. Manufacturers use genetic modification to
give foods desirable traits. For example, they have designed two new varieties of apple that turn less
brown when cut or bruised.
The reasoning usually involves making crops more resistant to diseases as they grow. Manufacturers,
also engineers, produce foods to be more nutritious or tolerant of herbicides. Crop protection is the
main rationale behind this type of genetic modification. Plants that are more resistant to diseases
spread by insects or viruses result in higher yields for farmers and a more attractive product.
Genetically modification can also increase the nutritional value or enhance flavor. All of these factors
contribute to lower costs for the consumer. They can also ensure that more people have access to
quality food.
Source: medicalnewstoday.com
A. Happy
B. Informative
C. Questioned
D. Persuasive
E. Contradictive
Market prices may move up and down (or remain the same) in response to a host of factors causing
shifts in supply (the whole supply curve) or demand (the whole demand curve) or both together.
Bad weather makes prices go up - not just the prices of agricultural products, but of a great many
other goods ranging from steel to nightgowns because of interruptions of production, breakdown in
transportation, power failures, etc.
Changes in technology cause shifts in supply curves; a more efficient way of making transistors
brings down the prices of calculators, computers, radios, television sets, record players, and
recorders. Increases in the scale of production, as we have seen, often bring down certain product
prices.
resulting from shrinking scales of production, as when the market for handmade pocketbooks,
horsedrawn carriages, grandfather clocks, custom tailoring, and handmade furniture contracts, push
up the price of such products not only absolutely, but relatively far above what they were in the old
days, when skilled labor was cheaper and more abundant.
A. Piece
B. Disturbance
C. Illness
D. Part
E. Failure
7. In line 4, why the author use the phrase "from steel to nightgowns" when dicussing adverse
effects on production?
TO ALPHASTUDE#5
LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS By:librapeople22
A. To support the argument that cities suffer more than aggricultural areas.
B. To indicate that a wide variety of goods are affected.
C. To describe the two products that suffer the most.
D. To state that these two commodities are important
E. To show how increased prices for agricultural products affect other prices..
Passage 1
People still collect books as valuable antiques or for a hobby, but you get virtually all the information
you need from the viewscreen of your home computer system. The computer is linked to a library -
not a library of books but an electronic library where information on every subject is stored in
computer memory banks.
Having this service at your fingertips is like having a huge brand-new encyclopedia in your home at
all times. The computer can tell you anything you want to know, and the information is always the
very latest available. There need be only one central library to which computers in homes, offices,
schools and colleges are connected. At the library experts are constantly busy, feeding in the very
latest information as they receive it. In theory, one huge electronic library could serve the whole
world!
Passage 2
E-books have not spelled the demise of the local library in New York. In fact, according to a new
report from the Center for an Urban Future, 40.5 million people visited the city's public libraries,
more than all of the city's professional sports teams and major cultural institutions combined.
The report "Branches of Opportunity," looks at the changing role of the city's libraries in the digital
age. It finds that while public libraries are serving more New Yorkers than ever, they are
"undervalued by policymakers and face growing threats." New York City's library system is a unique
hybrid. Three organizations - the New York Public Library, along with the Brooklyn and Queens
libraries operate 206 local branches throughout the five boroughs.
Sweetness is one of the most important taste sensations for humans and for many animal species as
well, Sweet compounds almost universally induce a positive and pleasant response in humans, and
this response, is often thought to be inborn. There is scarcely any area of food habits today that does
not in some ways involve the sweet taste. Sucrose, the chemical compound in sweeteners, is not
consumed only for its sweetness. It also has many functional properties in foods that make it useful
as a bulking agent, texture modifier, mouth-feel modifier, and preservative. Sucrose additionally
offers an important energy source for many food fermentations.
For nutritional and health reasons, there has been a growing desire in most Western countries to
utilize sweeteners other than sucrose. Consumers are urged to control their energy intake to avoid
obesity, and reducing fat consumption is usually recommended by reducing sugar intake, especially
carbohydrate- based sweeteners. This has led to growing pressure to develop artificial sweeteners.
The use of artificial sweeteners gives rise to a variety of problems in food technology due to some
basic differences between them and carbohydrate sweeteners. Nonnutritive sweeteners or artificial
sweeteners are usually not carbohydrate based and therefore have different chemical and physical
properties. Often nonnutritive sweeteners also have flavor characteristics that differ from those of
carbohydrate sweeteners and are intensely sweet compared to carbohydrate sweeteners. These
properties often influence the cost of food manufacturing because the resulting dietetic or special
dietary foods are expected to be as acceptable as those with carbohydrate sweeteners.
A. To inform
B. To criticize
C. To entertain
D. To persuade
E. To convince
A. Serious
B. Cynical
C. Objective
D. Humorous
E. Optimistic
Has winter no longer been just as cold as it used to be? Does it even matter to you? Think about this.
In Europe, the cold snap death toll rose to 71 from previously 53 in early 2012. Temperatures
dropped to minus 38 degrees Celcius in some affected cities, causing power outages and traffic
chaos. In Northern America, winters felt extremely cold. What sounds anomalous to layman is that
scientists indicate that global warming plays a role in this natural phenomenon.
Scientists from the University of Massachusettes and the University of Alaska Fairbanks discovered
that fatal heat waves in the Arctic (the North Pole) spanned from July to September 2011 and
extended until the fall. They helped melt the Arctic ice sheets that naturally reflected the Sunrays
upward. However, as they melted, there remained dark- colored sea waters that finally retained the
energy of the heat within them. It gradually led to warmth-build up atmosphere. across the Arctic
With ice sheets continual melting and atmospheric build-up combined, the Arctic contained more
humidities in the air and thus triggered heavier precipitations to the more southerly Eurasian
regions. (Europe and Asia). These precipitations, when falling in the cold air. transformed into
snowfalls.
Thicker snowfalls subsequently affected the Arctic Oscillation, an air pressure pattern of the
atmosphere in mid and higher altitudes, to remain in the negative phase. While in the negative
phase, the high-pressure air around the Arctic then pushed the atmospheric cold air to mild-altitude
regions with low-pressure air, such as Canada and the United States. That let temperatures drop
very drastically, leading to those extreme winters. Since lethal heat waves occurred during extreme
summers, they must then be found accountable for the emergence of extreme winters.
A. Tell the readers that the European cold snap killed 71 people in Europe.
B. Inform about the loss of the Arctic ice sheets.
C. Prove that the role of global warming int causing extreme winters was diminutive.
D. Inform about the transformation of rainfalls into snow falls.
E. Show that extreme winter was triggered by huge depletion of the Arctic ice sheets.
15. Implied in the text that extreme winters will never occur if ....
A. Winters in both Canada and the United States feel mildly cold.
B. Lethal heat waves solidify the Arctic ice sheets.
C. Heats accumulate in the Arctic atmosphere.
D. Precipitations transform into rainfalls.
E. Power outrages and traffic chaos do not happen in Europe.
17. The author of the text mainly deals with the topic that...
18. Which of the following best restates the topic of the fourth paragraph.....
In another new study, researchers found high levels of mercury in the feathers of salt marsh
sparrows in the wetlands of North Cinder in New York's Long Island. Whereas loon accumulates
mercury by eating large fish, songbirds are poisoned by eating spiders and other bugs.
"You might think what difference it makes if a little bird is suffering from mercury poisoning,"
conservationist Timothy Tear of the Nature Conservancy in New York says. But matter it does, since
the effect of mercury on birds provides information about how the heavy metal affects the brain.
Researchers from the College of William and Mary studied song performance in four species of birds
along the South River in Virginia, an area that was contaminated by industrial mercury from 1829
until 1950. They found that wrens affected by mercury sang shorter songs with fewer notes.
Affected sparrows produced mating calls that had a lower tonal frequency and were less complex.
"Mercury is far more prevalent in our environment than anybody thought. All these decades, people
were out looking for mercury and missing this key group, the little songbirds out in the yard." Ever
says. "These birds have messages for us: Mercury is everywhere on Earth now, at levels that Mother
Nature never intended."
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