AWT-11 ALKALINITY COMPOUND

APEX CHEMICALS (S) PTE LTD Chemwatch Hazard Alert Code: 4

Chemwatch: 5377-27 Issue Date: 14/01/2022
Version No: 3.1 Print Date: 03/08/2022
Safety Data Sheet S.GHS.SGP.EN

SECTION 1 Identification of the substance / mixture and of the company / undertaking

Product Identifier
Product name AWT-11 ALKALINITY COMPOUND

Synonyms Not Available

Proper shipping name CORROSIVE LIQUID, N.O.S. (contains sodium hydroxide)
Chemical formula Not Applicable
Other means of
Not Available
identification

Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against
PHADJUSTER.
Relevant identified uses SDS are intended for use in the workplace ONLY. For domestic-use products, refer to consumer labels.
Use according to manufacturer's directions.

Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet

Registered company name APEX CHEMICALS (S) PTE LTD
Address 132 TUAS SOUTH AVENUE 2 637171 Singapore
Telephone +65 6483 5350
Fax +65 6483 5359
Website www.apex-chemicals.com
Email [email protected]

Emergency telephone number

Association / Organisation APEX CHEMICALS (S) PTE LTD CHEMWATCH EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Emergency telephone
+65 6483 5350 (Mon-Fri 9am to 6pm) +6531381227
numbers
Other emergency
Not Available Not Available
telephone numbers

Once connected and if the message is not in your preferred language then please dial 01

SECTION 2 Hazards identification

Classification of the substance or mixture

Classification Corrosive to Metals Category 1, Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 1, Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation Category 1

Label elements

Hazard pictogram(s)

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AWT-11 ALKALINITY COMPOUND

Signal word Danger

Hazard statement(s)
H290 May be corrosive to metals.

H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.

Precautionary statement(s) General

P101 If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand.

P102 Keep out of reach of children.

P103 Read label before use.

Precautionary statement(s) Prevention

P260 Do not breathe mist/vapours/spray.
P264 Wash all exposed external body areas thoroughly after handling.
P280 Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.

P234 Keep only in original container.

Precautionary statement(s) Response

P301+P330+P331 IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P303+P361+P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.
P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor/physician/first aider.

P363 Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

P390 Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.

P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.

Precautionary statement(s) Storage

P405 Store locked up.

Precautionary statement(s) Disposal

P501 Dispose of contents/container to authorised hazardous or special waste collection point in accordance with any local regulation.

Not Applicable

SECTION 3 Composition / information on ingredients

Substances
See section below for composition of Mixtures

Mixtures
CAS No %[weight] Name
1310-73-2 25-40 sodium hydroxide

Not Available balance Ingredients determined not to be hazardous

Not Available includes

7732-18-5 >50 water

SECTION 4 First aid measures

Description of first aid measures

If this product comes in contact with the eyes:
Immediately hold eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously with running water.
Eye Contact Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally
lifting the upper and lower lids.
Continue flushing until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre or a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes.

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AWT-11 ALKALINITY COMPOUND

Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.

Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.
If skin or hair contact occurs:
Immediately flush body and clothes with large amounts of water, using safety shower if available.
Skin Contact Quickly remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear.
Wash skin and hair with running water. Continue flushing with water until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre.
Transport to hospital, or doctor.

If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area.

Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.
Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid
Inhalation procedures.
Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket
mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary.
Transport to hospital, or doctor, without delay.
For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor at once.
Urgent hospital treatment is likely to be needed.
If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.
If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and
Ingestion prevent aspiration.
Observe the patient carefully.
Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious.
Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can comfortably drink.
Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed

Treat symptomatically.
For acute or short-term repeated exposures to highly alkaline materials:
Respiratory stress is uncommon but present occasionally because of soft tissue edema.
Unless endotracheal intubation can be accomplished under direct vision, cricothyroidotomy or tracheotomy may be necessary.
Oxygen is given as indicated.
The presence of shock suggests perforation and mandates an intravenous line and fluid administration.
Damage due to alkaline corrosives occurs by liquefaction necrosis whereby the saponification of fats and solubilisation of proteins allow deep penetration into
the tissue.
Alkalis continue to cause damage after exposure.
INGESTION:
Milk and water are the preferred diluents
No more than 2 glasses of water should be given to an adult.
Neutralising agents should never be given since exothermic heat reaction may compound injury.
* Catharsis and emesis are absolutely contra-indicated.
* Activated charcoal does not absorb alkali.
* Gastric lavage should not be used.
Supportive care involves the following:
Withhold oral feedings initially.
If endoscopy confirms transmucosal injury start steroids only within the first 48 hours.
Carefully evaluate the amount of tissue necrosis before assessing the need for surgical intervention.
Patients should be instructed to seek medical attention whenever they develop difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia).
SKIN AND EYE:
Injury should be irrigated for 20-30 minutes.
Eye injuries require saline. [Ellenhorn & Barceloux: Medical Toxicology]

SECTION 5 Firefighting measures

Extinguishing media
Water spray or fog.
Foam.
Dry chemical powder.
BCF (where regulations permit).
Carbon dioxide.

Special hazards arising from the substrate or mixture

Fire Incompatibility None known.

Advice for firefighters

Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
Fire Fighting
Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus.

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AWT-11 ALKALINITY COMPOUND

Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
Use fire fighting procedures suitable for surrounding area.
Do not approach containers suspected to be hot.
Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.
If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.
Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.
Solid in contact with water or moisture reacts violently, and solutions are highly alkaline and may cause severe skin burns.
Non combustible.
Fire/Explosion Hazard
Not considered a significant fire risk, however containers may burn.
May emit corrosive fumes.

SECTION 6 Accidental release measures

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

See section 8

Environmental precautions
See section 12

Methods and material for containment and cleaning up

Clean up all spills immediately.
Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes.
Control personal contact with the substance, by using protective equipment.
Minor Spills
Contain and absorb spill with sand, earth, inert material or vermiculite.
Wipe up.
Place in a suitable, labelled container for waste disposal.
Clear area of personnel and move upwind.
Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus.
Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
Consider evacuation (or protect in place).
Stop leak if safe to do so.
Major Spills Contain spill with sand, earth or vermiculite.
Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling.
Neutralise/decontaminate residue (see Section 13 for specific agent).
Collect solid residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal.
Wash area and prevent runoff into drains.
After clean up operations, decontaminate and launder all protective clothing and equipment before storing and re-using.
If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services.

Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the SDS.

SECTION 7 Handling and storage

Precautions for safe handling

DO NOT allow clothing wet with material to stay in contact with skin
Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.
Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.
Use in a well-ventilated area.
Avoid contact with moisture.
Avoid contact with incompatible materials.
When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.
Safe handling Keep containers securely sealed when not in use.
Avoid physical damage to containers.
Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.
Work clothes should be laundered separately. Launder contaminated clothing before re-use.
Use good occupational work practice.
Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this SDS.
Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions are
maintained.

Store in original containers.

Keep containers securely sealed.
No smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.
Other information Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers.
Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks.

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AWT-11 ALKALINITY COMPOUND

Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this SDS.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

25 Ltrs, UN approved HDPE Pails.
Lined metal can, lined metal pail/ can.
Plastic pail.
Polyliner drum.
Packing as recommended by manufacturer.
Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks.
For low viscosity materials
Drums and jerricans must be of the non-removable head type.
Where a can is to be used as an inner package, the can must have a screwed enclosure.
Suitable container
For materials with a viscosity of at least 2680 cSt. (23 deg. C) and solids (between 15 C deg. and 40 deg C.):
Removable head packaging;
Cans with friction closures and
low pressure tubes and cartridges
may be used.
-
Where combination packages are used, and the inner packages are of glass, porcelain or stoneware, there must be sufficient
inert cushioning material in contact with inner and outer packages unless the outer packaging is a close fitting moulded plastic
box and the substances are not incompatible with the plastic.
Sodium hydroxide/ potassium hydroxide:
reacts with water evolving heat and corrosive fumes
reacts violently with acids, trans-acetylene dichloride, aminotetrazole, p-bis(1,3-dibromoethyl), benzene, bromoform,
halogenated compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, organic halogens, chlorine dioxide ((explodes), chloroform,
cresols, cyclopentadiene, 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, cis-dichloroethylene, 2,2-dichloro-3,3-dimethylbutane, ethylene
chlorohydrin, germanium, iodine pentafluoride, maleic anhydride, p-nitrotoluene,nitrogen trichloride, o-nitrophenol,
phosphonium iodide, potassium peroxodisulfate, propylene oxide, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (highly toxic substance is
forme), 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol, tetrahydrofuran, thorium dicarbide, trichloroethanol, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, vinyl acetate
reacts with fluorine, nitroalkanes, (forming explosive compounds)
incompatible with acetic acid, acetaldehyde, acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylonitrile, allyl chloride, organic anhydride,
acrylates, alcohols, aldehydes, alkylene oxides, substituted allyls, ammonium chloroplatinate, benzanthrone, bromine,
benzene-1,4-diol, carbon dioxide, cellulose nitrate, chlorine trifluoride, 4-chlorobutyronitrile, chlorohydrin, chloronitrotoluenes,
chlorosulfonic acid, cinnamaldehyde, caprolactam solution, chlorocresols, 1,2-dichloroethylene, epichlorohydrin, ethylene
cyanohydrin, formaldehyde (forms formic acid and flammable hydrogen gas), glycols, glyoxal, hexachloroplatinate, hydrogen
Storage incompatibility
sulfide, hydroquinone, iron-silicon, isocyanates, ketones, methyl azide, 4-methyl-2-nitrophenol, mineral acids (forming
corresponding salt),nitrobenzene, N-nitrosohydroxylamine, nitrates pentol, phenols, phosphorus, phosphorus pentaoxide,
beta-propiolactone, sodium, sulfur dioxide, tetrahydroborate, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane, 2,2,2-trichloroethanol,
trichloronitromethane, zirconium
ignites on contact with cinnamaldehyde or zinc and reacts explosively with a mixture of chloroform and methane
forms heat-, friction-, and/ or shock-sensitive- explosive salts with nitro-compounds, cyanogen azide, 3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1,2,5-
oxadiazole, 3-methyl-2-penten-4-yn-1-ol, N,N'-bis(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)urea, trichloroethylene (forms dichloroacetylene)
increase the explosive sensitivity of nitromethane
attacks some plastics, rubber, coatings and metals: aluminium, tin, zinc,etc, and their alloys, producing flammable hydrogen
gas

Avoid strong acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and chloroformates.

Avoid contact with copper, aluminium and their alloys.
Avoid reaction with oxidising agents

+ x + x + + +

X — Must not be stored together

0 — May be stored together with specific preventions
+ — May be stored together

Note: Depending on other risk factors, compatibility assessment based on the table above may not be relevant to storage situations, particularly where large volumes
of dangerous goods are stored and handled. Reference should be made to the Safety Data Sheets for each substance or article and risks assessed accordingly.

SECTION 8 Exposure controls / personal protection

Control parameters

Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL)

INGREDIENT DATA

Source Ingredient Material name TWA STEL Peak Notes

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AWT-11 ALKALINITY COMPOUND

Source Ingredient Material name TWA STEL Peak Notes

Singapore Permissible
Exposure Limits of Toxic sodium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide Not Available 2 mg/m3 Not Available Not Available
Substances

Emergency Limits

Ingredient TEEL-1 TEEL-2 TEEL-3

sodium hydroxide Not Available Not Available Not Available

Ingredient Original IDLH Revised IDLH

sodium hydroxide 10 mg/m3 Not Available

water Not Available Not Available

Exposure controls
Engineering controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Well-designed
engineering controls can be highly effective in protecting workers and will typically be independent of worker interactions to
provide this high level of protection.
The basic types of engineering controls are:
Process controls which involve changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk.
Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source which keeps a selected hazard "physically" away from the worker and ventilation
that strategically "adds" and "removes" air in the work environment. Ventilation can remove or dilute an air contaminant if
designed properly. The design of a ventilation system must match the particular process and chemical or contaminant in use.
Employers may need to use multiple types of controls to prevent employee overexposure.

Local exhaust ventilation usually required. If risk of overexposure exists, wear approved respirator. Correct fit is essential to
obtain adequate protection. Supplied-air type respirator may be required in special circumstances. Correct fit is essential to
ensure adequate protection.
An approved self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) may be required in some situations.
Provide adequate ventilation in warehouse or closed storage area. Air contaminants generated in the workplace possess varying
"escape" velocities which, in turn, determine the "capture velocities" of fresh circulating air required to effectively remove the
contaminant.

Type of Contaminant: Air Speed:

0.25-0.5 m/s
solvent, vapours, degreasing etc., evaporating from tank (in still air).
(50-100 f/min.)

Appropriate engineering aerosols, fumes from pouring operations, intermittent container filling, low speed conveyer transfers,
0.5-1 m/s
controls welding, spray drift, plating acid fumes, pickling (released at low velocity into zone of active
(100-200 f/min.)
generation)
direct spray, spray painting in shallow booths, drum filling, conveyer loading, crusher dusts, gas 1-2.5 m/s
discharge (active generation into zone of rapid air motion) (200-500 f/min.)

grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high speed wheel generated dusts (released at high initial 2.5-10 m/s
velocity into zone of very high rapid air motion). (500-2000 f/min.)

Within each range the appropriate value depends on:

Lower end of the range Upper end of the range

1: Room air currents minimal or favourable to capture 1: Disturbing room air currents

2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of nuisance value only. 2: Contaminants of high toxicity

3: Intermittent, low production. 3: High production, heavy use

4: Large hood or large air mass in motion 4: Small hood-local control only

Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity
generally decreases with the square of distance from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the air speed at the
extraction point should be adjusted, accordingly, after reference to distance from the contaminating source. The air velocity at the
extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 1-2 m/s (200-400 f/min) for extraction of solvents generated in a tank 2
meters distant from the extraction point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits within the extraction
apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are
installed or used.

Personal protection

Safety glasses with side shields.

Chemical goggles.
Eye and face protection Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A written policy
document, describing the wearing of lenses or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should

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AWT-11 ALKALINITY COMPOUND

include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of chemicals in use and an account of injury experience.
Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal and suitable equipment should be readily available. In the
event of chemical exposure, begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should
be removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean environment only after workers
have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59], [AS/NZS 1336 or national equivalent]
Skin protection See Hand protection below
Elbow length PVC gloves
When handling corrosive liquids, wear trousers or overalls outside of boots, to avoid spills entering boots.
The selection of suitable gloves does not only depend on the material, but also on further marks of quality which vary from
manufacturer to manufacturer. Where the chemical is a preparation of several substances, the resistance of the glove material
can not be calculated in advance and has therefore to be checked prior to the application.
The exact break through time for substances has to be obtained from the manufacturer of the protective gloves and has to be
observed when making a final choice.
Personal hygiene is a key element of effective hand care. Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands
should be washed and dried thoroughly. Application of a non-perfumed moisturiser is recommended.
Suitability and durability of glove type is dependent on usage. Important factors in the selection of gloves include:
· frequency and duration of contact,
· chemical resistance of glove material,
· glove thickness and
· dexterity
Select gloves tested to a relevant standard (e.g. Europe EN 374, US F739, AS/NZS 2161.1 or national equivalent).
· When prolonged or frequently repeated contact may occur, a glove with a protection class of 5 or higher (breakthrough time
greater than 240 minutes according to EN 374, AS/NZS 2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended.
· When only brief contact is expected, a glove with a protection class of 3 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 60 minutes
according to EN 374, AS/NZS 2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended.
· Some glove polymer types are less affected by movement and this should be taken into account when considering gloves for
Hands/feet protection
long-term use.
· Contaminated gloves should be replaced.
As defined in ASTM F-739-96 in any application, gloves are rated as:
· Excellent when breakthrough time > 480 min
· Good when breakthrough time > 20 min
· Fair when breakthrough time < 20 min
· Poor when glove material degrades
For general applications, gloves with a thickness typically greater than 0.35 mm, are recommended.
It should be emphasised that glove thickness is not necessarily a good predictor of glove resistance to a specific chemical, as the
permeation efficiency of the glove will be dependent on the exact composition of the glove material. Therefore, glove selection
should also be based on consideration of the task requirements and knowledge of breakthrough times.
Glove thickness may also vary depending on the glove manufacturer, the glove type and the glove model. Therefore, the
manufacturers technical data should always be taken into account to ensure selection of the most appropriate glove for the task.
Note: Depending on the activity being conducted, gloves of varying thickness may be required for specific tasks. For example:
· Thinner gloves (down to 0.1 mm or less) may be required where a high degree of manual dexterity is needed. However, these
gloves are only likely to give short duration protection and would normally be just for single use applications, then disposed of.
· Thicker gloves (up to 3 mm or more) may be required where there is a mechanical (as well as a chemical) risk i.e. where there
is abrasion or puncture potential
Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and dried thoroughly. Application of a
non-perfumed moisturiser is recommended.

Body protection See Other protection below

Overalls.
PVC Apron.
Other protection PVC protective suit may be required if exposure severe.
Eyewash unit.
Ensure there is ready access to a safety shower.

Recommended material(s) Respiratory protection

GLOVE SELECTION INDEX Cartridge respirators should never be used for emergency ingress or in
Glove selection is based on a modified presentation of the: areas of unknown vapour concentrations or oxygen content.
"Forsberg Clothing Performance Index". The wearer must be warned to leave the contaminated area immediately
The effect(s) of the following substance(s) are taken into account in the on detecting any odours through the respirator. The odour may indicate that
computer-generated selection: the mask is not functioning properly, that the vapour concentration is too
AWT-11 ALKALINITY COMPOUND high, or that the mask is not properly fitted. Because of these limitations,
only restricted use of cartridge respirators is considered appropriate.
Material CPI Cartridge performance is affected by humidity. Cartridges should be
changed after 2 hr of continuous use unless it is determined that the
BUTYL A
humidity is less than 75%, in which case, cartridges can be used for 4 hr.
NEOPRENE A Used cartridges should be discarded daily, regardless of the length of time
NAT+NEOPR+NITRILE C used
Selection of the Class and Type of respirator will depend upon the level of
NATURAL RUBBER C
breathing zone contaminant and the chemical nature of the contaminant.
NATURAL+NEOPRENE C Protection Factors (defined as the ratio of contaminant outside and inside the

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AWT-11 ALKALINITY COMPOUND

NEOPRENE/NATURAL C mask) may also be important.

NITRILE C Required
Maximum gas/vapour
NITRILE+PVC C minimum Half-face Full-Face
concentration present
protection Respirator Respirator
PE C in air p.p.m. (by volume)
factor
PE/EVAL/PE C
@1@-AUS /
up to 10 1000 -
PVA C Class1 @2@

PVC C @1@-AUS /
up to 50 1000 -
Class 1 @2@
SARANEX-23 C
up to 50 5000 Airline * -
SARANEX-23 2-PLY C
@1@-2
TEFLON C up to 100 5000 -
@2@
VITON C
@1@-3
VITON/CHLOROBUTYL C up to 100 10000 -
@2@

* CPI - Chemwatch Performance Index 100+ Airline**

A: Best Selection
* - Continuous Flow ** - Continuous-flow or positive pressure demand
B: Satisfactory; may degrade after 4 hours continuous immersion
A(All classes) = Organic vapours, B AUS or B1 = Acid gasses, B2 = Acid gas
C: Poor to Dangerous Choice for other than short term immersion
or hydrogen cyanide(HCN), B3 = Acid gas or hydrogen cyanide(HCN), E =
NOTE: As a series of factors will influence the actual performance of the glove,
Sulfur dioxide(SO2), G = Agricultural chemicals, K = Ammonia(NH3), Hg =
a final selection must be based on detailed observation. -
Mercury, NO = Oxides of nitrogen, MB = Methyl bromide, AX = Low boiling
* Where the glove is to be used on a short term, casual or infrequent basis,
point organic compounds(below 65 degC)
factors such as "feel" or convenience (e.g. disposability), may dictate a choice
of gloves which might otherwise be unsuitable following long-term or frequent
use. A qualified practitioner should be consulted.

SECTION 9 Physical and chemical properties

Information on basic physical and chemical properties

Appearance Clear colourless liquid; mixes with water.

Relative density (Water =

Physical state Liquid 1.12-1.35
1)
Partition coefficient
Odour Not Available Not Available
n-octanol / water
Auto-ignition temperature
Odour threshold Not Available Not Applicable
(°C)

Decomposition
pH (as supplied) >12.5 Not Available
temperature (°C)

Melting point / freezing

Not Available Viscosity (cSt) Not Available
point (°C)

Initial boiling point and

Not Available Molecular weight (g/mol) Not Applicable
boiling range (°C)

Flash point (°C) Not Applicable Taste Not Available

Evaporation rate Not Available Explosive properties Not Available

Flammability Not Applicable Oxidising properties Not Available

Surface Tension (dyn/cm
Upper Explosive Limit (%) Not Applicable Not Available
or mN/m)
Lower Explosive Limit (%) Not Applicable Volatile Component (%vol) Not Applicable

Vapour pressure (kPa) Not Available Gas group Not Available

pH as a solution (Not
Solubility in water Miscible Not Available
Available%)
Vapour density (Air = 1) Not Available VOC g/L Not Applicable

SECTION 10 Stability and reactivity

Reactivity See section 7

Unstable in the presence of incompatible materials.

Chemical stability Product is considered stable.
Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.

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AWT-11 ALKALINITY COMPOUND

Possibility of hazardous
See section 7
reactions
Conditions to avoid See section 7

Incompatible materials See section 7

Hazardous decomposition
See section 5
products

SECTION 11 Toxicological information

Information on toxicological effects

There is strong evidence to suggest that this material can cause, if inhaled once, very serious, irreversible damage of organs.
Inhaled Inhaling corrosive bases may irritate the respiratory tract. Symptoms include cough, choking, pain and damage to the mucous
membrane.

Accidental ingestion of the material may be harmful; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 150 gram may be
fatal or may produce serious damage to the health of the individual.
There is strong evidence to suggest that this material can cause, if swallowed once, very serious, irreversible damage of organs.
Ingestion
Ingestion of alkaline corrosives may produce burns around the mouth, ulcerations and swellings of the mucous membranes,
profuse saliva production, with an inability to speak or swallow. Both the oesophagus and stomach may experience burning pain;
vomiting and diarrhoea may follow.
The material can produce severe chemical burns following direct contact with the skin.
There is strong evidence to suggest that this material, on a single contact with skin, can cause very serious, irreversible damage
of organs.
Sodium hydroxide causes burns which may take time to manifest and cause pain, thus care should be taken to avoid
Skin Contact contamination of gloves and boots.
A 5% aqueous solution of it produces tissue death on rabbit skin while 1% solution caused no effect on irrigated rabbit eye.
Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material
Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects.
Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.
If applied to the eyes, this material causes severe eye damage.
Direct eye contact with corrosive bases can cause pain and burns. There may be swelling, epithelium destruction, clouding of the
Eye
cornea and inflammation of the iris. Mild cases often resolve; severe cases can be prolonged with complications such as
persistent swelling, scarring, permanent cloudiness, bulging of the eye, cataracts, eyelids glued to the eyeball and blindness.
Repeated or prolonged exposure to corrosives may result in the erosion of teeth, inflammatory and ulcerative changes in the
mouth and necrosis (rarely) of the jaw. Bronchial irritation, with cough, and frequent attacks of bronchial pneumonia may ensue.
Chronic
Substance accumulation, in the human body, may occur and may cause some concern following repeated or long-term
occupational exposure.

AWT-11 ALKALINITY TOXICITY IRRITATION

COMPOUND Not Available Not Available

TOXICITY IRRITATION
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: 1350 mg/kg[2] Eye (rabbit): 0.05 mg/24h SEVERE

Oral (Rabbit) LD50; 325 mg/kg[1] Eye (rabbit):1 mg/24h SEVERE

sodium hydroxide Eye (rabbit):1 mg/30s rinsed-SEVERE

Eye: adverse effect observed (irritating)[1]

Skin (rabbit): 500 mg/24h SEVERE

Skin: adverse effect observed (corrosive)[1]

TOXICITY IRRITATION
water
Oral (Rat) LD50; >90000 mg/kg[2] Not Available

Legend: 1. Value obtained from Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Acute toxicity 2.* Value obtained from manufacturer's SDS.
Unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effect of chemical Substances

Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the material ends. This may be due to a
non-allergic condition known as reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occur after exposure to high levels of
highly irritating compound. Main criteria for diagnosing RADS include the absence of previous airways disease in a non-atopic
individual, with sudden onset of persistent asthma-like symptoms within minutes to hours of a documented exposure to the
SODIUM HYDROXIDE irritant. Other criteria for diagnosis of RADS include a reversible airflow pattern on lung function tests, moderate to severe
bronchial hyperreactivity on methacholine challenge testing, and the lack of minimal lymphocytic inflammation, without
eosinophilia. RADS (or asthma) following an irritating inhalation is an infrequent disorder with rates related to the concentration of
and duration of exposure to the irritating substance. On the other hand, industrial bronchitis is a disorder that occurs as a result of

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AWT-11 ALKALINITY COMPOUND

exposure due to high concentrations of irritating substance (often particles) and is completely reversible after exposure ceases.
The disorder is characterized by difficulty breathing, cough and mucus production.
The material may produce severe irritation to the eye causing pronounced inflammation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to
irritants may produce conjunctivitis.
The material may cause severe skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may produce on contact skin redness,
swelling, the production of vesicles, scaling and thickening of the skin. Repeated exposures may produce severe ulceration.
WATER No significant acute toxicological data identified in literature search.

Acute Toxicity Carcinogenicity

Skin Irritation/Corrosion Reproductivity

Serious Eye
STOT - Single Exposure
Damage/Irritation
Respiratory or Skin
STOT - Repeated Exposure
sensitisation
Mutagenicity Aspiration Hazard

Legend: – Data either not available or does not fill the criteria for classification
– Data available to make classification

SECTION 12 Ecological information

Toxicity

Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source

AWT-11 ALKALINITY
Not Not Not
COMPOUND Not Available Not Available
Available Available Available

Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source

EC50 48h Crustacea 34.59-47.13mg/l 4
sodium hydroxide
EC50(ECx) 48h Crustacea 34.59-47.13mg/l 4
LC50 96h Fish 144-267mg/l 4

Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source

water Not Not Not
Not Available Not Available
Available Available Available

Legend: Extracted from 1. IUCLID Toxicity Data 2. Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Ecotoxicological Information - Aquatic Toxicity
4. US EPA, Ecotox database - Aquatic Toxicity Data 5. ECETOC Aquatic Hazard Assessment Data 6. NITE (Japan) -
Bioconcentration Data 7. METI (Japan) - Bioconcentration Data 8. Vendor Data

DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.

Persistence and degradability

Ingredient Persistence: Water/Soil Persistence: Air

sodium hydroxide LOW LOW

water LOW LOW

Bioaccumulative potential
Ingredient Bioaccumulation

sodium hydroxide LOW (LogKOW = -3.8796)

Mobility in soil
Ingredient Mobility
sodium hydroxide LOW (KOC = 14.3)

SECTION 13 Disposal considerations

Waste treatment methods

Product / Packaging Containers may still present a chemical hazard/ danger when empty.

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AWT-11 ALKALINITY COMPOUND

Return to supplier for reuse/ recycling if possible.

Otherwise:
If container can not be cleaned sufficiently well to ensure that residuals do not remain or if the container cannot be used to
store the same product, then puncture containers, to prevent re-use, and bury at an authorised landfill.
Where possible retain label warnings and SDS and observe all notices pertaining to the product.
Legislation addressing waste disposal requirements may differ by country, state and/ or territory. Each user must refer to laws
operating in their area. In some areas, certain wastes must be tracked.
A Hierarchy of Controls seems to be common - the user should investigate:
Reduction
Reuse
Recycling
Disposal (if all else fails)
This material may be recycled if unused, or if it has not been contaminated so as to make it unsuitable for its intended use. If it
has been contaminated, it may be possible to reclaim the product by filtration, distillation or some other means. Shelf life
disposal
considerations should also be applied in making decisions of this type. Note that properties of a material may change in use, and
recycling or reuse may not always be appropriate.
DO NOT allow wash water from cleaning or process equipment to enter drains.
It may be necessary to collect all wash water for treatment before disposal.
In all cases disposal to sewer may be subject to local laws and regulations and these should be considered first.
Where in doubt contact the responsible authority.
Recycle wherever possible.
Consult manufacturer for recycling options or consult local or regional waste management authority for disposal if no suitable
treatment or disposal facility can be identified.
Treat and neutralise at an approved treatment plant.
Treatment should involve: Neutralisation with suitable dilute acid followed by: burial in a land-fill specifically licensed to accept
chemical and / or pharmaceutical wastes or Incineration in a licensed apparatus (after admixture with suitable combustible
material).
Decontaminate empty containers. Observe all label safeguards until containers are cleaned and destroyed.

SECTION 14 Transport information

Labels Required

Marine Pollutant NO

Land transport (UN)

UN number 1760
UN proper shipping name CORROSIVE LIQUID, N.O.S. (contains sodium hydroxide)

Class 8
Transport hazard class(es)
Subrisk Not Applicable

Packing group III

Environmental hazard Not Applicable

Special precautions for Special provisions 223; 274

user Limited quantity 5L

Air transport (ICAO-IATA / DGR)

UN number 1760

UN proper shipping name Corrosive liquid, n.o.s. * (contains sodium hydroxide)

ICAO/IATA Class 8

Transport hazard class(es) ICAO / IATA Subrisk Not Applicable

ERG Code 8L

Packing group III

Environmental hazard Not Applicable

Special precautions for Special provisions A3 A803

user

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AWT-11 ALKALINITY COMPOUND

Cargo Only Packing Instructions 856

Cargo Only Maximum Qty / Pack 60 L

Passenger and Cargo Packing Instructions 852

Passenger and Cargo Maximum Qty / Pack 5L

Passenger and Cargo Limited Quantity Packing Instructions Y841

Passenger and Cargo Limited Maximum Qty / Pack 1L

Sea transport (IMDG-Code / GGVSee)

UN number 1760

UN proper shipping name CORROSIVE LIQUID, N.O.S. (contains sodium hydroxide)

IMDG Class 8
Transport hazard class(es)
IMDG Subrisk Not Applicable

Packing group III

Environmental hazard Not Applicable

EMS Number F-A, S-B

Special precautions for
Special provisions 223 274
user
Limited Quantities 5L

Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL and the IBC code

Not Applicable

Transport in bulk in accordance with MARPOL Annex V and the IMSBC Code
Product name Group
sodium hydroxide Not Available
water Not Available

Transport in bulk in accordance with the ICG Code

Product name Ship Type

sodium hydroxide Not Available

water Not Available

SECTION 15 Regulatory information

Safety, health and environmental regulations / legislation specific for the substance or mixture

sodium hydroxide is found on the following regulatory lists

Singapore Permissible Exposure Limits of Toxic Substances

water is found on the following regulatory lists

Not Applicable

National Inventory Status

National Inventory Status

Australia - AIIC / Australia

Yes
Non-Industrial Use

Canada - DSL Yes

Canada - NDSL No (sodium hydroxide; water)

China - IECSC Yes

Europe - EINEC / ELINCS /

Yes
NLP

Japan - ENCS Yes

Korea - KECI Yes

New Zealand - NZIoC Yes

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AWT-11 ALKALINITY COMPOUND

National Inventory Status

Philippines - PICCS Yes

USA - TSCA Yes

Taiwan - TCSI Yes

Mexico - INSQ Yes

Vietnam - NCI Yes

Russia - FBEPH Yes

Yes = All CAS declared ingredients are on the inventory

Legend: No = One or more of the CAS listed ingredients are not on the inventory. These ingredients may be exempt or will require
registration.

SECTION 16 Other information

Revision Date 14/01/2022

Initial Date 10/01/2020

SDS Version Summary

Version Date of Update Sections Updated
3.1 14/01/2022 Ingredients, Physical Properties

Other information
Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch
Classification committee using available literature references.

The SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards are Risks
in the workplace or other settings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or available
engineering controls must be considered.

Definitions and abbreviations

PC－TWA: Permissible Concentration-Time Weighted Average
PC－STEL: Permissible Concentration-Short Term Exposure Limit
IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer
ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
STEL: Short Term Exposure Limit
TEEL: Temporary Emergency Exposure Limit。
IDLH: Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations
ES: Exposure Standard
OSF: Odour Safety Factor
NOAEL :No Observed Adverse Effect Level
LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level
TLV: Threshold Limit Value
LOD: Limit Of Detection
OTV: Odour Threshold Value
BCF: BioConcentration Factors
BEI: Biological Exposure Index
AIIC: Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals
DSL: Domestic Substances List
NDSL: Non-Domestic Substances List
IECSC: Inventory of Existing Chemical Substance in China
EINECS: European INventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances
ELINCS: European List of Notified Chemical Substances
NLP: No-Longer Polymers
ENCS: Existing and New Chemical Substances Inventory
KECI: Korea Existing Chemicals Inventory
NZIoC: New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals
PICCS: Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances
TSCA: Toxic Substances Control Act
TCSI: Taiwan Chemical Substance Inventory
INSQ: Inventario Nacional de Sustancias Químicas
NCI: National Chemical Inventory
FBEPH: Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances

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AWT-11 ALKALINITY COMPOUND

This document is copyright.

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review or criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any
process without written permission from CHEMWATCH.
TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.

end of SDS