READING LIST: THE BILL OF RIGHTS

I. CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS & PRIVILEGES

Art. III, 1987 Constitution

a. Nature of provisions
Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, 267 SCRA 408
b. Against whom enforceable
People v. Domasian, GR No. 95322, March 1, 1993

II. DUE PROCESS OF LAW

Sec. 1

a. In general
Acosta v. Ochoa, G.R. Nos. 211559, 211567, 212570 & 215634, October 15, 2019
White Light Corp vs City of Manila, GR No. 122846, Jan. 20, 2009
Palacios v. People, G.R. No. 240676, March 18, 2019

b. Procedural Aspect
b.1. Judicial Proceedings
In re: Abellana v. Paredes, G.R. No. 232006, July 10, 2019

b.2. Administrative Proceedings

Ang v. Belaro, Jr., A.C. No. 12408, December 11, 2019

b.3. Academic due process

Guzman v. National University, 142 SCRA 699

c. Substantive Aspect
Ynot v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 148 SCRA 659
Tanada v. Tuvera, GR No. 63915, December 29, 1986

d. Scope of Guaranty; persons protected

Halili v. Public Service Commission, 93 Phil 357
Serrano v. NLRC, 323 SCRA 447
Lao Gi v. Court of Appeals, 180 SCRA 756

III. EQUAL PROTECTION OF LAWS

Sec. 1
Quinto vs. Comelec, GR No. 189698, December 1, 2009
Read: Dissents of CJ Puno, J. Carpio, J. Carpio- Morales
Quinto vs. Comelec, GR No. 189698, February 22, 2010
Read: Dissent of J. Nachura
a. Classification
Garcia vs Drilon, GR No. 179267, June 25, 2013
Louis “Barok” C. Biraogo vs. The Philippine Truth Commission of 2010 / Rep.
Edcel C. Lagman, et al. vs. Exec. Sec. Paquito N. Ochoa, Jr., et al., G.R. No.
192935 & G.R. No. 19303, December 7, 2010
Philippine Plastics Industry Association, Inc. v. San Pedro, G.R. No. 231030
(Notice), January 17, 2018
 2

b. Special Issues:
c.1. Selective Prosecution
Department of Public Works and Highways, Region IV-A v. Commission on Audit,
G.R. No. 237987, March 19, 2019

c.2. Legislations for specific class

Zomer Development Co., Inc. v. Special Twentieth Division of the Court of
Appeals, Cebu City, G.R. No. 194461, January 7, 2020

IV. RIGHT AGAINST UNREASONABLE SEARCHES AND SEIZURES

Sec. 2
Republic vs.Sandiganbayan, GR No. 104768, July 21, 2003

a. Search and seizure, when unreasonable

Manalili v. Court of Appeals, 280 SCRA 400

b. Search warrant, defined

Rule 126, Sec. 1, Rules of Court

c. Warrant of arrest, defined

Rule 113, Sec. 1, Rules of Court

d. Requisites for valid issuance

Sec. 2, Art. III, 1987 Constitution

1. Probable cause, defined

Concepts of Probable Cause: Estrada v. Office of the Ombudsman, G.R. Nos.
212140-41, January 21, 2015
People v. Ramon, G.R. No. 229735 (Notice), March 4, 2019

2. Personal determination by a judge

People v. Gabiosa, Sr., G.R. No. 248395, January 29, 2020

Fenix vs Court of Appeals, GR No. 189878, July 11, 2016
Abdula v. Guiani, 326 SCRA 1, February 18, 2000
People vs. Estela Tuan, GR No. 176066, August 11, 2010

3. Particularity of description
Dimal v. People, G.R. No. 216922, April 18, 2018

4. Warrants, how enforced:

People v. Obias, Jr., y Arroyo, G.R. No. 222187, March 25, 2019

5. Use of evidence obtained through a search warrant

Polangcos y Francisco v. People, G.R. No. 239866, September 11, 2019

e. Warrantless Arrest
Rule 113, Sec. 5, Rules of Court
Vaporoso v. People, G.R. No. 238659, June 3, 2019
People v. Olarte y Namuag, G.R. No. 233209, March 11, 2019
People v. Gardon-Mentoy, G.R. No. 223140, September 4, 2019
Porteria y Manebali v. People, G.R. No. 233777, March 20, 2019

f. Warrantless Search
Plain View: Dominguez y Argana v. People, G.R. No. 235898, March 13, 2019
 3

Stop- and- frisk: People v. Cristobal, G.R. No. 234207, June 10, 2019
Compared with Search Incidental to Lawful Arrest- Manibog v. People, G.R. No.
211214, March 20, 2019
Moving Vehicle; Consent Searches: People v. Yanson, G.R. No. 238453, July
31, 2019

People v. Leila Johnson, GR No. 138881, Dec. 18, 2000

Dela Cruz vs People, GR No. 209387, January 11, 2016
Comerciante vs People, GR No. 205926, July 22, 2015

g. Checkpoint Searches
Valmonte vs. Gen. de Villa, GR No. 83988, Sept. 29, 1989
People vs. Escano, GR No. 129756-58, January 28, 2000

Bus Searches/ Inspections:

Saluday v. People, G.R. No. 215305, April 3, 2018

h. Immunity from arrest

Art. VI, Section 11, 1987 Constitution
World Health Organization vs. Aquino, 48 SCRA 242 (1972)

i. Effect of invalid search and seizure

Sec. 3(2)

V. RIGHTS OF A PERSON UNDER CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION

Sec. 12
Republic Act 7438
People v. Moreno y Tazon, G.R. No. 191759 , March 2, 2020
People vs. Mahinay, GR No. 122485, February 1, 1999

a. Origin and rationale

Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966)

b. Custodial Investigation: nature and scope

People v. Fernandez y Dela Vega, G.R. No. 218130, February 14, 2018

c. Prohibited conduct of custodial investigation (Sec. 12[2])

d. Right to remain silent

People v. Bravo, 318 SCRA 812
People v. Cabiles, 284 SCRA 199

e. Right to have independent and competent counsel, preferably of own choice

People v. Deniega, 251 SCRA 626
People v. Culala, 316 SCRA 582
People v. Rodriguez, 341 SCRA 645
People v. Andan, 269 SCRA 95
People v. Bacor, 306 SCRA 522
People v. Base, 329 SCRA 158
People v. Espiritu, 302 SCRA 533, Feb. 2, 1999
People v. Turla, 167 SCRA 278
People v. Larry Mahinay, GR No. 122485, Feb. 1, 1999
Lumanog vs People, GR No. 182555, Sept. 7, 2010
People v. Obrero, 332 SCRA 190
 4

f. Right to be informed
People v. Canoy, 328 SCRA 385

g. Waiver
Sec. 12 (1)

h. Effect of non-compliance
Sec. 12(3)
Porteria y Manebali v. People, G.R. No. 233777, March 20, 2019

i. Out of Court Identifications/ Police Line-ups

People v. Moreno y Tazon, G.R. No. 191759 , March 2, 2020

VI. RIGHT TO BAIL

Sec. 13
a. Bail, defined
Sec. 1, Rule 114, Rules of Court

b. When matter of right; When matter of discretion

Te vs Perez, AM No. MTJ- 00-1286, January 21, 2002
Villanueva v. Buaya, A.M. No. RTJ-08-2131, November 22, 2010
Balanay v. Adalim-White, A.M. No. RTJ-16-2443 (Formerly OCA IPI No. 10-
3521-RTJ) (Resolution), January 11, 2016
People v. Escobar, G.R. No. 214300, July 26, 2017
Enrile vs Sandiganbayan, GR No. 213847, July 12, 2016 (En Banc); August
18, 2015 (En Banc)

b.1. Effect if offense changed from non-bailable to

bailable (Rule 114)

b.2. Bail pending appeal- People v. Sales, G.R. No. 243426 (Notice),
August 5, 2019
Reyes v. People, G.R. No. 237172, Sept 18, 2019

c. Standards for fixing bail

Padua v. People, G.R. No. 220913, February 4, 2019

d. Right to bail and right to travel

Manotok v. Court of Appeals, 142 SCRA 149

e. Effect on right when detention is questioned

Rule 114, Rules of Court

f. Right to bail and extradition proceedings

Government of United States of America vs.
Hon. Purganan, GR No. 148571, September 24, 2002
Government of Hongkong Special Administrative Region v. Olalia, Jr., G.R.
No. 153675, [April 19, 2007], 550 PHIL 63-77
Government of Hongkong Special Administrative Region v. Muñoz, G.R. No.
207342, August 16, 2016
See also: AM No. 15-06-10- SC (Continuous Trial System)
 5

VII. RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED

(Sec. 14, Rule 115, Rules of Criminal Procedure)
a. To due process of law
Nunez v. Sandiganbayan, 111 SCRA 433

b. To be presumed innocent
De Guzman y Aguilar v. People, G.R. No. 240475, July 24, 2019
Disputable Presumptions: Fuertes v. Senate of the Philippines, G.R. No. 208162,
January 7, 2020

Compare: Presumption of Regularity in the Performance of Official Functions

People v. Ordiz, G.R. No. 206767, September 11, 2019

c. To be heard
Rule 115, Section1, Rules of Criminal Procedure
People v. Tulin, 364 SCRA 10 (2001)

d. To be informed of nature and cause of accusation

Enrile v. People, G.R. No. 213455, August 11, 2015
People v. Solar y Dumbrique, G.R. No. 225595, Aug. 6, 2019
People v. Cubay y Ugsalan, G.R. No. 224597, July 29, 2019

e. Speedy, impartial and public trial

Martinez III v. People, G.R. No. 232574, October 1, 2019
Nelson Imperial, et al. vs. Maricel M. Joson, et al./Santos O. Francisco vs.
Spouses Gerard and Maricel Joson Nelson/Imperial, et al. vs.. Hilarion C. Felix, et
al., G.R. No. 160067/G.R. Mo. 170410/G.R. No. 171622, November 17, 2010

e.1. Right to speedy trial vs. freedom of the press

Estrada v. Desierto, GR No. 14671015, March 2, 2001 (En Banc)
Re: Petition for radio and television coverage of the multiple murder cases against
Maguindanao Governor Zaldy Ampatuan, et al., A.M. No. 10-11-5-SC/A.M. No. 10-
11-6-SC/A.M. No. 10-11-7-SC. June 14, 2011

f. To confront witnesses and to compulsory processes

People v. Sergio, G.R. No. 240053, October 9, 2019
People v. Matibag, 336 SCRA 1
People v. Givena, 349 SCRA 513 (2001)
People v. Chua, 356 SCRA 225

g. Trial in absentia; When presence of accused is a duty

1. Arraignment and plea
2. During trial, for identification
3. Promulgation of sentence, unless for light offense

h. Prohibited punishments:
1. Excessive fines, cruel, inhuman and degrading punishments
Sec. 19
Bernas, pp. 549- 560
2. Involuntary servitudes
3. Imprisonment for debt (Sec. 20)
Lozano v. Martinez, 146 SCRA 323

i. Allied Right: RIGHT AGAINST DOUBLE JEOPARDY

People v. Sandiganbayan (Second Division), G.R. Nos. 233280-92, September

18, 2019
 6

Remedy of State from Judgment of Acquittal:

Bowden v. Bowden, G.R. No. 228739, July 17, 2019
People v. Court of Tax Appeals, G.R. No. 242859 (Notice), January 28, 2019
Mandagan v. Jose M. Valero Corp., G.R. No. 215118, June 19, 2019

j. Double Jeopardy in continued or continuous crime

Mallari v. People, 168 SCRA 422 (1988)

k. Appeals
k.1. Appeal in Criminal Case throws the whole case open for review
Case Study: People v. Tulagan, G.R. No. 227363, March 12, 2019, En Banc

k.2. Appeal of civil aspect

Manantan v. Court of Appeals, 350 SCRA 387 (2001)

VIII. PRIVILEGE AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION

(Sec. 17)
a. Scope
US V. Tan Teng, 23 Phil 145
Villaflor v. Summers, 41 Phil 62
Beltran v. Samson, 53 Phil 570
People v. Olvis, 154 SCRA 513
Chavez v. Court of Appeals L-29169, August 19, 1968
People v. Ayson, 175 SCRA 216 (1989)
Alih v. Castro, 151 SCRA 279 (1987)
Social Justice Society vs. Dangerous Drugs Board,
GR No.157870, November 3, 2008

b. DNA testing and the right against self-incrimination

People v. Yatar, GR No. 150224, May 19, 2004

c. In what proceedings available

Cabal v. Kapunan, Jr., L-19052, December 29, 1962
Calida v. Trillanes IV, G.R. No. 240873 (Resolution), September 3, 2019

d. Use immunity v. Transactional Immunity

Art. XIII, Sec. 18(8)
RA 1379, Sec. 8
Galman v. Pamaran, 138 SCRA 274
PD 1886

e. Exclusionary Rule
Art. III, Sec. 12(3)

f. Effect of denial of privilege

Chavez v. Court of Appeals, supra.

IX. EX POST FACTO LAW AND BILL OF ATTAINDER

Fuertes v. Senate of the Philippines, G.R. No. 208162, Jan. 7, 2020
Misolas v. Panga, 181 SCRA 648, Jan. 30, 1990 (En Banc)
Inmates of the New Bilibid Prison v. De Lima, G.R. Nos. 212719 & 214637, [June 25, 2019

X. PRIVILEGE OF WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS

 7

In the Matter of the Petition for Habeas Corpus of Punzalan, G.R. No. 245919 (Notice),
June 3, 2019

XI. LIBERTY OF ABODE AND TRAVEL

Sec. 6
Marcos v. Manglapus 177 SCRA 668
Genuino v. De Lima, G.R. Nos. 197930, 199034 & 199046, Apr 17, 2018

XII. RIGHT TO INFORMATION

Sec. 7
Sereno v. Committee on Trade and Related Matters (CTRM) of the National Economic and
Development Authority (NEDA), G.R. No. 175210, February 1, 2016
Department of Foreign Affairs v. BCA International Corp., G.R. No. 210858, June 29, 2016

Records of Police Drug Operations:

Almora v. Dela Rosa, G.R. Nos. 234359 & 234484 (Notice), April 3, 2018

Right to Information and Confidentiality of Disbarment Proceedings:

Roque, Jr. v. Armed Forces of the Philippines Chief of Staff, G.R. No. 214986, February
15, 2017

Remedy for enforcement:

J. Leonen’s Separate Opinion in Vitangcol III v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos.
224027 & 224116 (Notice), October 11, 2016
I-Popefrancis v. Department of Budget and Management, G.R. No. 206689 (Notice),
August 24, 2016

XIII. NON-IMPAIRMENT OF OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRACTS

Sec. 10
Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency Operators v. Commission on
Elections, G.R. No. 223505, October 3, 2017

Social Weather Station and Pulse Asia vs. Comelec, GR No. 208062, April 7, 2015
a. Contracts to which guaranty has reference
b. Impairment of obligation: Tests of impairment
c. Means of impairment
d. Effect of exercise of police power upon the guaranty

XIV. RIGHT TO SPEEDY DISPOSITION OF CASES

Speedy Trial Act of 1998
Olbes vs Buemio, GR No. 173319, December 4, 2009
Lumanog vs. People, GR No. 182555, September 7, 2010
Art. III, Sec. 16
Art. VIII, Sec. 15
Art. VII, Sec. 18, par. 3
Art. IX, A, Sec. 7

XV. FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Secs 4, 18, 8

a. Nature, purpose and scope of guaranty

The Diocese of Bacolod v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 205728,
January 21, 2015
 8

b. Freedom from prior restraint; censorship; Freedom from Subsequent

Punishment
Tordesillas v. Puno, G.R. No. 210088, October 1, 2018
Nicolas-Lewis v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 223705, August 14, 2019

c. Unprotected utterances
Policarpio v. Manila Times, GR No. 16027, May 30, 1962
Borjal vs. Court of Appeals, 301 SCRA 1
Belo-Henares V. Guevarra, A.C. No. 11394, Dec. 1, 2016

c.1. Criticism of Judicial Conduct: Pantanosas, Jr. v. Pamatong, A.C.

No. 7330, June 14, 2016

d. Obscene Matters
Gonzales v. Kalaw Katigbak, 137 SCRA 717
Pita v. Court of Appeals, 178 SCRA 362
Madrilejos v. Gatdula, G.R. No. 184389 , September 24, 2019

e. Right to Assemble; Freedom of Association

Bernas, 377 - 386
Art. II, Sec. 8
Art, IX, B, Sec. 2(5)
Art. XIII, Sec. 3, par. 2
BP Blg. 880 (Public Assembly Act of 1985)
Ang Ladlad LGBT Party vs. Comelec, GR No. 190582, April 8, 2010
Jacinto v. Court of Appeals, 281, SCRA 657
In Re Marcial Edillon, 84 SCRA 554
PBM Employees v. PBM, 51 SCRA 189
Prof. Randolf David vs. Arroyo, GR No. 171396, May 3, 2006
Bayan vs. Ermita, GR No. 169838, April 25, 2006
IBP vs. Atienza, GR No. 175241, February 24, 2010

f. Facial challenge
Southern Hemisphere Engagement Network, Inc. vs. Anti-
Terrorism Council, GR No. 178552, October 5, 2010

g. Penumbral Right
See J. Leonen’s Concurring Opinion in Rappler, Inc. v. Bautista, G.R. No.
222702 (Resolution), April 5, 2016

XVI. FREEDOM OF RELIGION

Sec. 5
Estrada vs. Escritor, AM No. P-02-1651, August 4, 2003 and
P-02-1651, June 22, 2006

I. Non-establishment of religion
Peralta v. Philippine Postal Corp., G.R. No. 223395, December 4, 2018 (En
Banc)
Celdran y Pamintuan v. People, G.R. No. 220127 (Notice), November 21,
2018

a. Holding of Religious Rituals in Halls of Justice:

Re: Tony Q. Valenciano, A.M. No. 10-4-19-SC (Resolution), March 7, 2017

b. Operation of sectarian schools

 9

Art. XIV, Sec. 4(2)

c. Religious instructions in public schools

Art. XIV, Sec. 3(3)
Rev. Adm. Code, Sec. 928
Civil Code, Art. 359 (1)

d. Tax Exemption
Art. VI, Sec. 28(3)

e. Public Aid to religion

Art. VI, Sec. 29(2)

f. Public morals and religion

Ang Ladlad- LGBT vs. Comelec, GR No. 190582, April 8, 2010

II. Free Exercise of Religion

Valmores v. Achacoso, G.R. No. 217453, July 19, 2017
Estrada vs. Escritor, P-02-1651, June 22, 2006

a. Freedom to propagate religious doctrine

American Bible Society v. City of Manila, 101 Phil 386
Centeno v. Villalon-Pornillos, 236 SCRA 197
(read concurring opinion of J. Mendoza)
Iglesia ni Cristo v. Court of Appeals, 259 SCRA 529
Pastor Dionisio v. Austria, GR No. 124382, August 16, 1999

b. Religious belief and private employment

Victoriano v. Elizalde Rope Workers’ Uncion, 59 SCRA 54

c. Religious belief and public employment

Pamil v. Teleron, 86 SCRA 413
Anonymous vs. Radam, AM No. P-07-2333, December 19, 2007

XVII. PRIVACY OF COMMUNICATION AND CORRESPONDENCE

Sec. 3
Republic Act No. 4200
RA 9372 (Human Security Act of 2007)
Ople v. Torres, GR No. 127685, July 23, 1998
Gaanan v. IAC, 145 SCRA 112
In the Matter of Petition for Issuance of Writ of Habeas
Corpus of Camilo Sabio, GR No. 174340, October 17, 2006
Pollo vs David, GR No. 181881, Oct 18, 2011 [En Banc]
Vivares v. St. Theresa's College, G.R. No. 202666, September 29, 2014
RA 10173 or the Data Privacy Act of 2012, and RA 10175 or the Cybercrime Prevention
Act of 2012

XVIII. REMEDIES FOR VIOLATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS

a. Constitutional Writs
Habeas Corpus, Habeas Data, Amparo
AM No. 08-1-16-SC
AM No. 07-9-12-SC
Zarate v. Aquino III, G.R. No. 220028 (Notice), Nov 10, 2015
Sanchez v. Darroca, G.R. No. 242257, October 15, 2019
Agcaoili, Jr. v. Fariñas, G.R. No. 232395, July 3, 2018
 10

b. Damages
Art. 32, Civil Code of the Philippines
Rico v. Deguma, G.R. No. 211861 (Notice), July 31, 2019

c. Claims for compensation

RA 7309

d. Mandamus
Guingona vs Comelec, GR No. 191846, May 6, 2010

e. Declaratory Relief as an Improper Remedy: Department of Transportation v. Philippine

Petroleum Sea Transport Association, G.R. No. 230107, July 24, 2018

oOo