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    Frames

    Uploaded by

    Merilan Intoy
    Frames allow dividing a browser window into multiple sections that can each load a separate HTML document. Frames are defined using the <frameset> tag which divides the window into rows and columns like a table. Each <frame> loads content into the defined space. Frames have disadvantages like inconsistent display on different devices and issues with back/forward buttons. The <frameset> attributes like rows, cols, and frameborder control frame layout and appearance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Frames

    Uploaded by

    Merilan Intoy
    32 views7 pages
    Frames allow dividing a browser window into multiple sections that can each load a separate HTML document. Frames are defined using the <frameset> tag which divides the window into rows and columns like a table. Each <frame> loads content into the defined space. Frames have disadvantages like inconsistent display on different devices and issues with back/forward buttons. The <frameset> attributes like rows, cols, and frameborder control frame layout and appearance.

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    frames

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    Frames allow dividing a browser window into multiple sections that can each load a separate HTML document. Frames are defined using the <frameset> tag which divides the window into rows and columns like a table. Each <frame> loads content into the defined space. Frames have disadvantages like inconsistent display on different devices and issues with back/forward buttons. The <frameset> attributes like rows, cols, and frameborder control frame layout and appearance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    32 views7 pages

    Frames

    Uploaded by

    Merilan Intoy
    Frames allow dividing a browser window into multiple sections that can each load a separate HTML document. Frames are defined using the <frameset> tag which divides the window into rows and columns like a table. Each <frame> loads content into the defined space. Frames have disadvantages like inconsistent display on different devices and issues with back/forward buttons. The <frameset> attributes like rows, cols, and frameborder control frame layout and appearance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    HTML frames are used to divide your browser window into multiple sections where each

    section can load a separate HTML document. A collection of frames in the browser
    window is known as a frameset. The window is divided into frames in a similar way the
    tables are organized: into rows and columns.

    Disadvantages of Frames
    There are few drawbacks with using frames, so it's never recommended to use frames
    in your webpages −
     Some smaller devices cannot cope with frames often because their screen is not
    big enough to be divided up.
     Sometimes your page will be displayed differently on different computers due to
    different screen resolution.
     The browser's back button might not work as the user hopes.
     There are still few browsers that do not support frame technology.

    Creating Frames
    To use frames on a page we use <frameset> tag instead of <body> tag. The
    <frameset> tag defines, how to divide the window into frames. The rows attribute of
    <frameset> tag defines horizontal frames and cols attribute defines vertical frames.
    Each frame is indicated by <frame> tag and it defines which HTML document shall open
    into the frame.
    Note − The <frame> tag deprecated in HTML5. Do not use this element.

    Example
    Following is the example to create three horizontal frames −
     Live Demo
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>

    <head>
    <title>HTML Frames</title>
    </head>

    <frameset rows = "10%,80%,10%">


    <frame name = "top" src = "/html/top_frame.htm" />
    <frame name = "main" src = "/html/main_frame.htm" />
    <frame name = "bottom" src = "/html/bottom_frame.htm" />

    <noframes>
    <body>Your browser does not support frames.</body>
    </noframes>
    </frameset>

    </html>
    This will produce the following result −
    Example
    Let's put the above example as follows, here we replaced rows attribute by cols and
    changed their width. This will create all the three frames vertically −
     Live Demo
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>

    <head>
    <title>HTML Frames</title>
    </head>

    <frameset cols = "25%,50%,25%">


    <frame name = "left" src = "/html/top_frame.htm" />
    <frame name = "center" src = "/html/main_frame.htm" />
    <frame name = "right" src = "/html/bottom_frame.htm" />

    <noframes>
    <body>Your browser does not support frames.</body>
    </noframes>
    </frameset>

    </html>
    This will produce the following result −

    The <frameset> Tag Attributes


    Following are important attributes of the <frameset> tag −

    Sr.No Attribute & Description

    1
    cols
    Specifies how many columns are contained in the frameset and the size of each
    column. You can specify the width of each column in one of the four ways −
    Absolute values in pixels. For example, to create three vertical frames, use cols
    = "100, 500, 100".
    A percentage of the browser window. For example, to create three vertical
    frames, use cols = "10%, 80%, 10%".
    Using a wildcard symbol. For example, to create three vertical frames, use cols
    = "10%, *, 10%". In this case wildcard takes remainder of the window.
    As relative widths of the browser window. For example, to create three vertical
    frames, use cols = "3*, 2*, 1*". This is an alternative to percentages. You can
    use relative widths of the browser window. Here the window is divided into
    sixths: the first column takes up half of the window, the second takes one third,
    and the third takes one sixth.

    rows
    This attribute works just like the cols attribute and takes the same values, but it
    2 is used to specify the rows in the frameset. For example, to create two
    horizontal frames, use rows = "10%, 90%". You can specify the height of each
    row in the same way as explained above for columns.

    border
    3 This attribute specifies the width of the border of each frame in pixels. For
    example, border = "5". A value of zero means no border.

    frameborder

    4 This attribute specifies whether a three-dimensional border should be displayed


    between frames. This attribute takes value either 1 (yes) or 0 (no). For example
    frameborder = "0" specifies no border.

    framespacing

    5 This attribute specifies the amount of space between frames in a frameset. This
    can take any integer value. For example framespacing = "10" means there
    should be 10 pixels spacing between each frames.

    The <frame> Tag Attributes


    Following are the important attributes of <frame> tag −

    Sr.No Attribute & Description

    1
    src
    This attribute is used to give the file name that should be loaded in the frame. Its
    value can be any URL. For example, src = "/html/top_frame.htm" will load an
    HTML file available in html directory.

    name
    This attribute allows you to give a name to a frame. It is used to indicate which
    2 frame a document should be loaded into. This is especially important when you
    want to create links in one frame that load pages into an another frame, in which
    case the second frame needs a name to identify itself as the target of the link.

    frameborder

    3 This attribute specifies whether or not the borders of that frame are shown; it
    overrides the value given in the frameborder attribute on the <frameset> tag if
    one is given, and this can take values either 1 (yes) or 0 (no).

    marginwidth

    4 This attribute allows you to specify the width of the space between the left and
    right of the frame's borders and the frame's content. The value is given in pixels.
    For example marginwidth = "10".

    marginheight

    5 This attribute allows you to specify the height of the space between the top and
    bottom of the frame's borders and its contents. The value is given in pixels. For
    example marginheight = "10".

    noresize

    6 By default, you can resize any frame by clicking and dragging on the borders of
    a frame. The noresize attribute prevents a user from being able to resize the
    frame. For example noresize = "noresize".

    scrolling

    7 This attribute controls the appearance of the scrollbars that appear on the
    frame. This takes values either "yes", "no" or "auto". For example scrolling =
    "no" means it should not have scroll bars.

    8
    longdesc
    This attribute allows you to provide a link to another page containing a long
    description of the contents of the frame. For example longdesc =
    "framedescription.htm"

    Browser Support for Frames


    If a user is using any old browser or any browser, which does not support frames then
    <noframes> element should be displayed to the user.
    So you must place a <body> element inside the <noframes> element because the
    <frameset> element is supposed to replace the <body> element, but if a browser does
    not understand <frameset> element then it should understand what is inside the <body>
    element which is contained in a <noframes> element.
    You can put some nice message for your user having old browsers. For
    example, Sorry!! your browser does not support frames. as shown in the above
    example.

    Frame's name and target attributes


    One of the most popular uses of frames is to place navigation bars in one frame and
    then load main pages into a separate frame.
    Let's see following example where a test.htm file has following code −
     Live Demo
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>

    <head>
    <title>HTML Target Frames</title>
    </head>

    <frameset cols = "200, *">


    <frame src = "/html/menu.htm" name = "menu_page" />
    <frame src = "/html/main.htm" name = "main_page" />

    <noframes>
    <body>Your browser does not support frames.</body>
    </noframes>
    </frameset>

    </html>
    Here, we have created two columns to fill with two frames. The first frame is 200 pixels
    wide and will contain the navigation menu bar implemented by menu.htm file. The
    second column fills in remaining space and will contain the main part of the page and it
    is implemented by main.htm file. For all the three links available in menu bar, we have
    mentioned target frame as main_page, so whenever you click any of the links in menu
    bar, available link will open in main page.
    Following is the content of menu.htm file
     Live Demo
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>

    <body bgcolor = "#4a7d49">


    <a href = "http://www.google.com" target = "main_page">Google</a>
    <br />
    <br />

    <a href = "http://www.microsoft.com" target = "main_page">Microsoft</a>


    <br />
    <br />

    <a href = "http://news.bbc.co.uk" target = "main_page">BBC News</a>


    </body>

    </html>
    Following is the content of main.htm file −
     Live Demo
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>

    <body bgcolor = "#b5dcb3">


    <h3>This is main page and content from any link will be displayed here.</h3>
    <p>So now click any link and see the result.</p>
    </body>

    </html>
    When we load test.htm file, it produces following result −
    Now you can try to click links available in the left panel and see the result.
    The targetattribute can also take one of the following values −

    Sr.No Option & Description

    1
    _self
    Loads the page into the current frame.

    _blank
    2
    Loads a page into a new browser window. Opening a new window.

    _parent
    3 Loads the page into the parent window, which in the case of a single frameset is
    the main browser window.

    _top
    4
    Loads the page into the browser window, replacing any current frames.

    targetframe
    5
    Loads the page into a named targetframe.

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