HARTINI.

HH/YEAR 9/2013

YEAR 9
TOPIC 2:
CELL STRUCTURE AND
ORGANISATION (BIOLOGY)
2.1 PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
2.2 SPECIALISED CELLS

Objectives:

 Identify and describe the structure for animal cells and plant
cells.
 Comparison between animal and plant cells.
 State the function of the cell membrane in controlling the
passage of substances into and out of the cells.
 State in simple terms, the relationship between cell structure and
cell function for root hair cells and red blood cells.

WHAT IS A CELL?
HARTINI.HH/YEAR 9/2013

 A cell is the basic unit of life.

 All living things are made of cells.
 There are 2 types of cells:
1. Animal cells.
2. ………………………………….

DIAGRAM OF CELLS

 ANIMAL CELLS. For example: Cheek cell.

 PLANT CELL. For example: Elodea Leaf cell

HARTINI.HH/YEAR 9/2013

CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS

NAME OF THE DESCRIPTION

STRUCTURE
CELL WALL Cell wall is the _______________ layer of a plant
cells.
(Plant cell ONLY)
It is _________________ and allows all substances
in a solution to pass through.
It is made of cellulose.
CELL MEMBRANE It is __________________________.
(Both Animal & Plant cell) It allows only some substances in a solution to pass
through it. (Function)
It is made of ______________ and ______________.
NUCLEUS The nucleus is enclosed by a nuclear membrane that
is semi permeable.
(Both Animal & Plant cell)
It ______________ the life process of the cell.
(Function)
Inside it are chromosomes that are made of DNA.
HARTINI.HH/YEAR 9/2013

CYTOPLASM It is living jelly-like materials.

(Both Animal & Plant cell) It consists of __________ (70% - 90%).

The food is broken down to release ___________

(Function)

VACUOLE It contain a liquid called

__________________(which is made up of
(Plant cell only)
_______________ and dissolved substances like
sugars and salts.

CHLOROPLAST Chloroplast contains __________ pigment called

________________.
(Plant cell only)
Chlorophyll absorbs energy from ______________
for photosynthesis.

COMPARISON BETWEEN ANIMAL AND PLANT

CELL

1. SIMILARITIES:

_____________________________________________________________

2. DIFFERENCES:

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________

SPECIALISED CELLS

1. Root Hair cells

Diagram:
HARTINI.HH/YEAR 9/2013

Function To ________________ water and minerals.

Features of root
hair cell &
1. Grow ________________ from the root.
How this helps
to absorb water How? Increases surface area to absorb water.
efficiently
2. Has a very ___________________ vacuole.

How? Absorb as much water as it can.

2. Red Blood Cell

Diagram:
HARTINI.HH/YEAR 9/2013

Function The red blood cells transport _________________ from the

lungs to every living part of the body.

It contains red pigment called________________. (To transport

oxygen).

Features 1. Biconcave disc.

How? Provides a large surface area for the cell to

efficiently pick up and release oxygen.

2. NO Nucleus.

How? Cytoplasm can contain __________ haemoglobin,

so more oxygen can be transported.

Exercise 1:

1. Which feature indicates that a root hair cell is from a plant and not from an
animal?

A. Cell membrane B. Cell wall C. Cytoplasm D. Nucleus

2. What is needed for the transport of oxygen by red blood cells?

A. Cell Wall B. Haemoglobin C. Nucleus D. Vacuole

HARTINI.HH/YEAR 9/2013

3. A new cell is being examined. Which feature would you to identify it as a

plant cell or animal cell?

A. The cell contains a single large sap vacuole space.

B. The cell contains glucose and amino acids.
C. The cell contains stored fat.
D. The cell surface membrane is partially permeable.

4. Which structures are present in animal cells?

Cell membrane Cell wall Cytoplasm

A X  
B  X 
C   X
D   

5. The diagram shows a cell from the leaf of a green plant. In which part would

the chromosomes be found?

My score! 

Exercise 2:

1. (a) State the function of red blood

cells ......................................................................................................................
......[1]
(b) (i) State two structural adaptations of human red blood cells that help them to
carry out their function.

1.........................................................................................................................
HARTINI.HH/YEAR 9/2013

2................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Explain how one of the adaptations you stated in (b)(i) helps the cell to
function.

.........................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................[1]

2. Fig. 3.1 shows a plant cell.

Fig. 3.1

(a) Name the parts A, B, C and D.

A ...............................................................................................................

B ...............................................................................................................

C ................................................................................................................

D ...............................................................................................................[4]

(b) State the type of cell shown in Fig. 3.1.

......................................................................................................................[1]

(c) (i) Name the process by which water moves into this cell.

................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State three conditions for the process named in (c)(i) to occur.
HARTINI.HH/YEAR 9/2013

1. ......................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................

3. ...................................................................................................................[3]

3. Fig. 7.1 is a diagram of a plant cell.

Fig. 7.1

(a) (i) State the letters of two parts of the cell in Fig. 7.1 that show it is a plant
cell.
____________________ and ______________________ [2]

(ii) State the names of these two parts.

_____________________and ______________________ [2]

(b) State the names of three parts that are found in both plant cells and animal
cells.

1. ________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________ [3]

My score:
HARTINI.HH/YEAR 9/2013