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Psychodynamic (Freud, Adler, Jung, Klein, Horney, Erikson & Fromm)

What are the three components of personality according to Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory?
a.) Superego, Ego & ID
b.) Anal, Phallic & Latent
c.) Oedipus, electra & Oral
d.) None of the above

What is the first assumption of the psychodynamic approach?

a.) Behavior is shaped by genes
b.) Behavior is learned through reinforcement
c.) Behavior is shaped by the unconscious mind
d.) All of the above

Unlike Freud, Adler believed:

a.) People are motivated by things that they lack
b.) In the id, ego, and superego
c.) None are correct
d.) People are motivated to improve themselves

The Psychologist who suggested the sense of inferiority.

a.) Carl Jung
b.) Sigmund Freud
c.) Alfred Adler
d.) Erich Fromm

How does Carl Jung's concept of the collective unconscious compare to Sigmund Freud's
concept of the unconscious mind?
a.) Freud believed that it was the product of personal experiences, while Jung believed
that the unconscious was inherited from the past collective experience of humanity.
b.) Freud believed that it was the Id, Ego, and Superego while Jung believed it is
introversion and extraversion.
 c.) Jung believed in primitive instincts, as well as the behaviors that society considers
evil and immoral while Freud did not.
d.) Freud believed that the unconscious is respiratory for socially acceptable ideas while
Jung believe that human beings are connected to each other and their ancestors.

Who was the individual who affected Jung's works greatly but whom he also had a rift with when
Jung began to formulate his own ideas and theories?
a.) Carl Rogers
b.) Sigmund Freud
c.) Ivan Pavlov
d.) Gustav Fechner

_________ of the ego keeps apart incompatible impulses and enables the dealing of
pleasurable and destructive impulses toward external objects.
a.) Projection
b.) Introjection
c.) Phantasies
d.) Splitting

Development during ________ is when the ego’s perception of the external world is subjective
and fantastic rather than objective and real.
a.) 1-2 months
b.) 3-4 months
c.) 5-6 months
d.) 7-8 months

______ refers not to inanimate entities but to significant others with whom an individual relates
or is a part of that person.
a.) Phantasies
b.) Object
c.) Projective identification
d.) Internalization
What is the motive of Karen Horney: The Psychoanalytic theory?
a.) To believe that neurosis resulted from basic anxiety caused by interpersonal
relationships.
b.) To believe that overcoming feelings of inferiority and gaining a sense of belonging
leads to achieving success and happiness.
c.) To believe that ideas elucidated how infants processed their anxieties.
d.) To believe that there is a need for freedom and the need for belonging.

What evidence can you find of having basic anxiety whereas people often have experiences
that contribute to neuroticism?
a.) Illness
b.) Stress
c.) Sleepiness
d.) Injustice and discrimination

What is the function of “The Need for Personal Admiration” by Karen Horney?
a.) Individuals with a need for prestige value themselves in terms of public recognition
and acclaim.
b.) People with a neurotic need to exploit others and view others in terms of what can be
gained through association with them.
c.) They want to be admired based on this imagined self-view, not upon how they really
are.
d.) These individuals fear failure and feel a constant need to accomplish more than other
people and to top even their own earlier successes.

How can you assess the value or importance of Erik Erikson the Psychosocial development?
a.) By addressing the development throughout a person's life, not just during childhood.
b.) By addressing through inventing and developing the technique of psychoanalysis.
c.) By developing the concept that freedom was a fundamental part of human nature.
d.) By addressing the people who need to sense that they are valued by others and feel
that they are making a contribution to the world

This stage plays an essential role in developing a sense of personal identity which will continue
to influence behavior and development for the rest of a person's life.
 a.) Industry vs. Inferiority
b.) Intimacy vs. Isolation
c.) Identity Formation vs. Identity Confusion
d.) Generativity vs. stagnation

In his concept of humanity, Erich Fromm emphasized ___________.

a.) Neuroses
b.) Differences between humans and other animals
c.) Similarities between women and men
d.) The human need to achieve self-actualization

What can a person develop according to Erich Fromm's Theory of Humanistic Psychoanalysis?
a.) A search for meaning and purpose in life
b.) Learn and imitate behaviors they have observed in other people
c.) Relatedness, creativity, rootedness, identity, and a frame of orientation
d.) Psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism

Humanistic Existential Theories (Maslow, Rogers & May) - Lacking 3

He was best known for his advancements to the field of Humanistic Psychology and his
development of the hierarchy of needs.
a.) Albert Bandura
b.) B.F Skinner
c.) Carl Rogers
d.) Abraham Maslow

Which idea is best associated with Maslow?

a.) Client-centered therapy
b.) Self-actualization
c.) Behaviorism
d.) Functional autonomy

Air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing, and reproduction.

a.) Safety needs
 b.) Physiological needs
c.) Love and belongingness
d.) Esteem Need

A perspective that emphasizes looking at the whole person, and the uniqueness of each
individual. ________.
a.) Biological Psychology
b.) Psychodynamic
c.) Humanistic Psychology
d.) Learning cognitive

One of the Central to Rogers' personality theory is the notion of _______.

a.) Self-Concept
b.) Self-Esteem
c.) Self-Realization
d.) Self-Love

A discrepancy between the actual experience of the organism and the self-picture of the
individual insofar as it represents that experience.
a.) Childhood experiences
b.) Incongruence
c.) Self-concept
d.) Congruence

The environment around us.

a.) Umwelt
b.) Mitwelt
c.) Eigenwelt
d.) Freedom

Who is the father of existential Psychology?

a.) Albert Bandura
b.) Rotter and Mischel
c.) George Kelly
 d.) Rollo May
A person who has never had love and belongingness satisfied could, nevertheless, become
self-actualizing.
a.) True
b.) False
c.) neither A nor B
d.) Maybe

Needs on the hierarchy can occasionally be reversed, according to Maslow.

a.) True
b.) False
c.) Neither a nor b
d.) Maybe

_________ exists when therapists accurately sense the feeling of their clients and are able to
communicate these perceptions so that the clients know that another person is on their
wavelength.
a.) Sympathy
b.) Understanding
c.) Empathy
d.) Vulnerability

Rogers believed that each of us has an ________ self, which is a picture of our self as we
would wish to be.
a.) Actualizing
b.) Organismic
c.) Distorted
d.) Ideal

Existentialists emphasize the balance between _________________ and responsibility.

a.) Love
b.) Care
c.) Freedom
d.) Will
 Sarah doesn't have shelter, she lives on the street together with her family. Every day
she keeps hoping to have her own house where she will no longer sleep in the streets and a
place where she can call Home. Given her situation, what type of Hierarchy of needs is based
on Abraham Maslow's theory?
a.) Love and belonging
b.) Safety needs
c.) Physiological needs
d.) Self-actualization

A person was devastated he/she feels abandoned and then started to gain weight, smoke, and
suffered from insomnia. In this context, what type of theory does it belong to?
a.) Holistic Dynamic Theory
b.) Person-centered Theory
c.) Existential Psychology
d.) The psychology of the individual

A person may consider himself helpful to others but often puts his own needs before the needs
of others. What therapy can be used for this?
a.) Client-centered Therapy
b.) Behavioral Therapy
c.) dialectical behavioral therapy
d.) art therapy

Learning Cognitive Theories (Skinner, Bandura, Rotter, Mischel, & Kelly) - Lacking 3

Skinner believed that behavioral analysis should:

a.) Interpret behavior but not explain it.
b.) Explain behavior but not interpret it
c.) Both explain and interpret behavior.
d.) Neither explain nor interpret behavior.

Shaping complex behavior through operant conditioning usually includes which procedure?
a.) Classical conditioning
 b.) Punishment
c.) Cognitive mediation
d.) Successive approximation

Which title best describes B. F. Skinner?

a.) Determinist
b.) Psychotherapist
c.) Cognitive psychologist
d.) Sociologist

Bandura believes that human functioning is a product of the mutual interaction of environment,
person, and ________.
a.) Heredity
b.) Learning
c.) Cognition
d.) Behavior

Carlos has great confidence in himself as a hairdresser. However, the economy in his city has
recently turned downward, and few people can afford a hairdresser. When Carlos applies for a
job at Mr. Dan's Hair Salon, he will likely have high _______ and low _______.

a.) Self-efficacy; Outcome expectations

b.) Self-efficacy; Self-confidence
c.) Reward expectancy; Self-efficacy
d.) Anxiety; Motivation

Low self-efficacy and an unresponsive environment are MOST likely to result in?
a.) A high level of performance.
b.) Apathy and feelings of helplessness.
c.) Decreased locus of control.
d.) Increased optimism and self-confidence.

Taylor, like most people, relies on auto mechanics, air-conditioning repair people, network news,
and hundreds of other people who enhance her lifestyle. In so doing, Taylor is making use of
 a.) Collective efficacy.
b.) Proxy efficacy.
c.) Self-efficacy.
d.) Self-regulation.

According to Bandura, the first requirement for self-regulation is?

a.) Self-observation.
b.) Modeling.
c.) A responsive environment.
d.) Motor production.

The theories of Rotter and Mischel are ________________-directed, meaning that they see
people as being guided by their expectations of the future.
a.) Potential
b.) Expectancy
c.) Reinforcement
d.) Goal

Rotter sees people as ________________ animals whose perception of events are more
important than the events themselves.
a.) Independent
b.) Adaptive
c.) Cognitive
d.) Maladaptive

Mischel proposed a __________ view of personal dispositions that suggests that behavior is
caused by people’s perception of themselves in a particular situation.
a.) Consistency
b.) Locus
c.) Competency
d.) Conditional

Permeable constructs.
a.) Hold no information
 b.) Permit change
c.) Restrict adaptation.
d.) Cannot be anticipated.

Kelly defined threat as:

a.) Any incidental modification of a personal construct.
b.) The awareness of an immediate and basic change to the core structure.
c.) Any action or behavior inconsistent with one's core role experience
d.) Failure to develop a core role.

Skinner held that self-control is achieved by developing strong willpower.

a.) True
b.) False
c.) Neither A nor B
d.) Maybe

Which of the following is an example of disengagement of internal control?

a.) A student skips class, then tells the instructor that she had to attend her grandmother's
funeral.
b.) A child is punished for playing with his genitals and consequently represses the experience.
c.) A conscientious doctor performs an illegal operation but justifies her actions to herself by
saying the surgery was necessary to save a life.
d.) A store clerk shoplifts merchandise, feels guilty, and returns it before anyone notices.

Compared with Bandura and Rotter, Walter Mischel placed more emphasis on
a.) unconscious motivation.
b.) self-efficacy.
c.) generalized expectancies.
d.) delay of gratification

Dispositional Theories (Allport & McCrae and Costa) - Lacking 3

Allport's personality theory is marked chiefly by its emphasis on:

 a.) Unconscious motivation.
b.) Personality types.
c.) Early childhood experiences.
d.) Uniqueness.

In his study of personality, Allport emphasized:

a.) Cultural influences.
b.) The normal healthy person.
c.) Group characteristics.
d.) Factor analytic techniques.

According to Allport, people are motivated by:

a.) A variety of drives
b.) The need for self-actualization.
c.) The need to reduce tension and seek pleasure.
d.) The need for relatedness with others.

Allport insisted that the basic units of personality are:

a.) Common traits.
b.) Cardinal traits.
c.) Ergs and metaergs.
d.) Personal dispositions.

Allport recognized which two kinds of traits?

a.) Primary and secondary
b.) Source and surface
c.) Common and individual
d.) Proactive and reactive

Allport was _________ in his approach to personality study, meaning that he was willing to use
ideas from psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and other theoretical models.

a.) Eclectic
b.) Dynamic
 c.) Individualistic
d.) Common

People who endorse both intrinsic and extrinsic items on the Religious Orientation Scale are
called indiscriminately pro-religious.
a.) True
b.) False
c.) Neither a nor b
d.) Maybe

The theory states that personality can be boiled down to five core factors, known by the
acronym:
a.) HEXAC
b.) MEATY
c.) OCEAN
d.) BEAST

__________ reflects the tendency and intensity to which someone seeks into interaction with
their environment, particularly socially.
a.) Openness
b.) Agreeableness
c.) Extraversion
d.) Neuroticism

Describes the overall emotional stability of an individual through how they perceive the world.
a.) Neuroticism
b.) Conscientiousness
c.) Agreeableness
d.) Openness

Refers to how people tend to treat relationships with others.

a.) Neuroticism
b.) Conscientiousness
c.) Agreeableness
 d.) Openness

Like with all theories of personality, the Big Five is influenced by both____________
a.) Empathy and sympathy
b.) Love and will
c.) Freedom and intelligence
d.) Nature and nurture

Impulsive, disorganized VS. disciplined & careful.

a.) Agreeableness
b.) Conscientiousness
c.) Extraversion
d.) Neuroticism

People with an _________________________ orientation toward religion see religion as a

means to some end (for example, as a good way of meeting new people)
a.) Intrinsic
b.) extrinsic
c.) Inseparable
d.) Natural

Ebenezer Scrooge's greed and Mother Theresa's altruism in what levels of personal
dispositions?
a.) cardinal dispositions
b.) central dispositions
c.) Secondary dispositions
d.) none of the choices

Leila is the type of person who is a very calm, even-tempered, and secure person. Every time
when she deals with a stressful situation it really doesn't bother her. She really doesn’t care
about what people think about her as long as she is enjoying her own life. Among the
Five-Factor Model where does Leila's character belong?
a.) Openness to experience
b.) Conscientiousness
c.) Agreeableness
d.) Neuroticism

Biological Theories (Eysenk and Buss) - Lacking 4

Which label best fits Hans Eysenck?

a.) Generalist
b.) Psychoanalyst
c.) Physician
d.) Sociologist

In Eysenck's theory, super factors are also called:

a.) Source traits.
b.) Personal dispositions.
c.) States.
d.) Types

According to Eysenck, introverts and extroverts are different in many respects. The most
important difference is:
a.) Psychological health versus psychological disturbance.
b.) Subjectivity versus objectivity.
c.) Their way of viewing the world.
d.) Level of cortical arousal

Introverts are characterized by:

a.) Impulsiveness
b.) Control
c.) Jocularity
d.) Optimism

People who score high on the neuroticism (N) scale are:

a.) Egocentric, aggressive, and hostile.
b.) Emotionally overreactive.
c.) Suffering from a psychological disorder.
 d.) Vulnerable to illness even when they experience little stress.

Eysenck believes that differences in ______________ arousal are primarily responsible for
differences in the behavior of extraverts and introverts.
a.) Psychotic
b.) Biological
c.) Cortical
d.) Trait

Eysenck advocates a ______________-level hierarchy of behavior organization.

a.) One
b.) Two
c.) Three
d.) Four

_________is the process by which evolution happens and is simply a more general form of
artificial selection in which nature rather than people select the traits.
a.) Natural selection
b.) Sexual selection
c.) Artificial selection
d.) Adaptations

__________ (otherwise known as “breeding”) occur when humans select particular desirable
traits in a breeding species.
a.) Natural selection
b.) Sexual selection
c.) Artificial selection
d.) Adaptation

__________ traits that happen as a result of adaptations but are not part of the functional
design.

a.) Adaptation
b.) By-products
 c.) Natural selection
d.) Artificial selection

The two main sources of the origin of personality according to Biological Theories are:
a.) Nature and nurture
b.) Love and will
c.) Environment and genetics
d.) Freedom and intelligence

Noise, also known as a ___________occurs when evolution produces random changes in

design that do not affect function.
a.) Unexpected effects
b.) Dominance
c.) Special effects
d.) Random effects

Howard Michael Mandel is a Canadian comedian, television personality, actor, and producer. On
Monday's episode of “The Jennifer Hudson Show,” the “America's Got Talent” judge opened up
about being diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Based on Eysenck's theory this
indicates that Howard Michael Mandel is having a High score on the?
a.) Bipolar factors
b.) Psychoticism
c.) Neuroticism
d.) Introverts and extroverts

What are the three dimensions of personality that are biologically based as evidenced?
a.) temperament, behavioral genetics, and brain research
b.) Introverts, Psychoticism, and Neuroticism
c.) Will, Freedom, and Cared.)
d.) None of the above

If you've ever chastised a "lazy employee" for being late to a meeting and then proceeded to
make an excuse for being late yourself that same day. This is an example of a?
a.) fundamental attribution error
b.) fundamental situational error
c.) fundamental character error
d.) fundamental environmental error

It happens when single genes produce single traits (phenotypes) example of this is Spinal
muscular atrophy and Cystic fibrosis.
a.) polygenic transmission
b.) quantitative trait
c.) Genetic transmission
d.) monogenic transmission