ILLUSTRATING GEOMETRIC

SEQUENCES
for Mathematics Grade 10
Quarter 1/Week 3

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 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit will serve as a guide in illustrating geometric

sequences. It will be your aid as you learn new ideas on geometric
sequence as it may be used to model and solve many mathematical
ideas and real real-life situations and enrich your existing knowledge
about mathematical concepts.

In this learning kit these are the three phases:

A. What Happened phase, the students will be able to complete

the sequence drawing based on the given patterns of the
previous illustration. Furthermore, it has three mathinik
challenges where students will be able to give the ratio
between two numbers or mathematical expressions. They will
be able to generate patterns by analyzing the given
sequence thoroughly and be able to give the missing terms
and solve word problems.

B. What You Need To Know phase, contains the discussion. The

students will exactly know the definition of the geometric
sequence and its type whether it is finite or infinite.

C. What Have I Learned phase, the students will be able to

identify whether a given sequence is a geometric or not and
identify it as finite or infinite. They will also be able to give the
common ratio and supply the missing terms. In addition to
these, the students will be able to give next five terms of the
geometric sequence using the first term and common ratio.

This self-learning kit provides student with various activities to

enhance them in illustrating geometric sequences towards mastery.
 LESSON 1: ILLUSTRATING GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
OBJECTIVES:
In this module you will learn to:
• state whether the given sequence is a geometric
or not
• illustrate a geometric sequence
• appreciate the pattern of a geometric
sequence.

LEARNING COMPTENCIES:

Illustrates a geometric sequence. (M10AL-Id-1)

I. WHAT HAPPENED

1. What is the next figure?

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4

PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST:
1
 Find the ratio of the second number to the
first number.

First number Second Number

1. 2, 8
DISCOVER AND CONQUER!

2. -3, 9
3.
1
1, 2
4. -5, -10
5. 12 4
6. -49, 7
7.
1 1
4 2
8. x2 , x3
9. k-1, k
10. 3m, 3my

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 FILL ME!

Type equation here.

Find the missing term/s of each of the following sequences. Write
your answers in your notebook.

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1. 2, 6, 18, __, __, 6. - , __, -7, 49, __, __.
7
2. 5, 15, __, 135, __. 7. m4, m9, m14, __, m24, __.
3. 3, 12, 48, __. 8. __, __, 25, 5, __, 1/5.
4. 8, 4, 2, __, __, __. 9. 3√5, 30, 60√5, __, __.
1 1 1
5. , , , __. 10. -2, 2, -2, 2, __, __.
3 12 48

1. The first two terms of the sequence are 256 and 128, respectively. List all
the terms until 12th term.
2. Find the value of x so that x + 1, 3x + 1, 5x + 3 will form a geometric
sequences. Justify your answer.
3. Suppose you agreed to work for coins a day for 15 days. You will earn 1
peso coin on the first day, 2 peso coins the second day, 4 peso coins the
third day. How much peso coins will you earn on the 15th day?

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 II. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

A geometric sequence, also known as geometric progression, is

a sequence where each term after the first is obtained by multiplying
the preceding term by a nonzero constant called the common ratio.

The common ratio, r, can be determined by dividing any term

in the sequence by the term that precedes it.

Examples:
1. 7, 14, 28, 56, 112, …
2. 540, 180, 60, 20, 20/3, …
2 2 2 2
3. 81, 27, 9, 3, 2, …
4. x2, x5, x8, x11, x14.
5. 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4.

Succeeding terms are obtained by multiplying a common ratio

to the preceding terms. In item number 1, the common ratio is 2
because when 14 is divided by 7 or 28 is divided by 14 and so on it will
still yield only 2 as the quotient. Item number 2 has a common ratio
equal to 1/3 since 180 is divided by 540. In item number 3, the common
Weiscan
ratio summarize
equal to 3. The firstsign patterns
3 examples areofinfinite
the quadrant
geometric in
sequence.
While in item number 4, it has common ratio x . As you can see in item
this way.
3

number 5, there was no change of the succeeding terms because its

common ratio is equal to 1. Items 4 and 5 are examples of finite
geometric sequence.

Solution:
14
1. = 2 or ==2 , Thus r = 2.
7
180 1 1
2. = , Thus r = .
540 3 3
2
27
3. 2 = • = 3 , Thus r = 3.
81

Illustrated below is the Cartesian Plane.

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DISCUSSION:

𝑥5
4.
𝑥2
= 𝑥 5−2
=x
3 , Thus r = x3.

4
5. =1 , Thus r = 1.
4
Geometric sequence may be finite or infinite. A geometric sequence is said
to be finite if the terms are definite. It means that it has an end, the last term. A
geometric sequence is infinite if the term continues without end. The three dots,
an ellipsis, indicate infinity.

The common ratio of a geometric sequence may be negative, resulting in

an alternating sequence, with numbers alternating between positive and
negative. For example
3, -12, 48, -192, 768, -3072,…
−12
is a geometric sequence with a common ratio -4 since = -4.
3

The general form of a geometric sequence is 𝑎1 , 𝑎1 r1, 𝑎1 r2, 𝑎1 r3, 𝑎1 r4, …

where r ≠ 0 is the common ratio and a, is first term, equal to the sequence’s start
value or the first term. For instance,

In the geometric sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, … is can be written into,

2, 2(3), 2(3)(3), 2(3)(3)(3), …
This indicates that the starts value also known as the first term is being
multiplied by the powers of a common ratio for each succeeding terms.

An interesting result of a definition of a geometric sequence is that for any

value of the common ratio, any three consecutive terms a, b and c will satisfy the
following equation:
b2 = ac
Where b is considered the geometric mean between a and c.
For instance, the sequence 4, 12, 36,…
Applying the equation,
b2 = ac
122 = 4(36) ; where a=4, b=12, and c=36
144 = 144
Thus, the given sequence is a geometric sequence.

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III. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED

A. State whether each of the following is a geometric

sequence or not. If it is geometric sequence, identify
whether it is finite or infinite.
1. 6, 24, 96, 384.
2. 5, -10, 20, -40, …

3. 1, 0.7, 0.49, 0.343, …

10 10 10 10
4. , , , ,…
3 6 9 15

5. 3, -3, 3, -3, 3.
6. 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, …

7. 4√3, 12, 12√3, …

8. 18, 36, 54, 72, …

1 1 1 1
9. , , , , …
2 4 6 8

10. 21609, 3087, 441, 63.

B. Find the common ratio and supply the missing terms.

1. 6, 54, __, __, 39366. r = __
2. __, __, 160.5, 80.25. r = __
1 5
3. __, 6, 84, __. r = __
49 343
4. 8, __, , , __ r = __
8 64
9 27
5. __,__, 4, - . r = __
8

C. Give the first 5 terms of the given geometric sequence.

1. a = 5 , r = -6
1
2. a = -5832 , r=3
3
3. a = 16 , r=4
4. a = -7√6 , r = -2√6
32 1
5. a = 5 , r=8

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 EVALUATION/POST TEST:
A. Find the missing term/s of each of the following finite
geometric sequence and give also the common ratio. Write
you answers in your notebook.

1. 2, 12, 72, __, __, r = __

2. 6, 36, __, 1296, __. r = __
3. __, x13, x19, __, x31. r = __
4. 4√2, 8, __, __, __. r = __
5. __, __, 30, 5, __. r = __
6. 20, 10, 5, __, __, __. r = __
7. __, 3b3, 21b5, __. r = __
1 1 1
8. , , , __ r = __
5 15 45
4 1 25
9. __, 5, 2, __, 128. r = __
1
10. - 9, __, -9, 81, __, __. r = __

B. Give the first five terms of each the following given the first
term and a common ratio. Write your answer in your
notebook.

1. 𝑎1 = -2 , r=6
3 2
2. 𝑎1 = , r=
8 3
1
3. 𝑎1 = 9604 , r=
7
4. 𝑎1 = 3√5 , r = 4√ 5
3
5. 𝑎1 = 4/9 , r=
2
6. 𝑎1 = -1 , r = -9
5
7. 𝑎1 = , r = 49
343
8. 𝑎1 = 10 , r = 10
1
9. 𝑎1 = -102400, r=
8

10. 𝑎1 = √2 , r = √2
2
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 C. Multiple Choice. Choose only the letter that corresponds to your choice.
Write your answers in your notebook.

1. What is the common ratio of the geometric sequence -6, 42, -294, 2058,…?
1
a. 3 b. -7 c. 5 d. -7
2. The geometric sequence has 8 terms, what is the 1st term if the last term is
13,122 and with a common ratio 3?
a. -2/5 b. 3 c. 6 d. 9
3. What is the positive value of x so that x+2, 5x – 2, 3x + 10 will form a geometric
sequence?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
4. If the common ratio is -3/5 and the third term is 2/25, what is the second term?
10 2 6 2
a. -27 b. 9 c. -125 d. -15
5. What is the next term in the geometric sequence 6, -48, 384?
a. -3072 b. -2270 c. -1748 d. -920
6. Find k so that the numbers k + 1, 5k – 3, 11k + 3 form a geometric sequence.
1 1
a. -7, -3 b. 7, 3 c. - , -3 d. , 3
7 7
7. What are the missing terms of the given geometric sequence __, 8/27, 4/9, __?
16 2 12 2 7 3 1 3
a. 51 and 3 b. 51 and 5 c. 51 and 5 d. 2 and 4
8. Which of the following is a geometric sequence?
1 1 1 1
a. 2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, … c. 3, 9, 27, 81, …
1 1 1 1
b. , , , ,… d. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, …
11 15 19 23
9 27 81
9. What is the common ratio of the geometric sequence 16, - 64, 256,…?
1 2 3 4
a. - b. c. - d.
2 3 4 5
10. Which of the following is NOT a geometric sequence?
a. 256, -128, 64, -32, … c. 27, 9, 3, 1, 1/3, …
1 1 1 1
b. 4m5, 4m8, 4m11, 4m14, … d. 2, 4, 6, 8, …
11. Which of the following is the common ratio of -4, 4, -4, 4, …?
a. 0 b. -1 c. 1 d. ½
12. Which term of the geometric sequence 7, 14, 28, 56, … is 3584?
a. 8th term b. 9th term c. 10th term d. 11th term
2 2
13. What is the next term of the geometric sequence 14, 2, 7, 49, …?
2 2 2 2
a. b. 258 c. 303 d. 343
77
14. Which of the following is an INFINITE geometric sequence?
a. -2, 10, -50, 250. c. 3x4, 3x5, 4x6, 4x7.
1
b. 27, 9, 3, 1, 3, … d. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, …
15. Which of the following is a FINITE geometric sequence?
a. -3, 24, -192, 1536, … c. x4, x5, x6, x7, …
2
b. 720, 81, 9, 1, 9. d. 6, 12, 18, 24.
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LESSON 2: DIFFERENTIATING GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
FROM AN ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE
OBJECTIVES:

In this module you will learn to:

• state whether the given sequence is a geometric
or an arithmetic sequence
• differentiate a geometric sequence from an
arithmetic sequence
• appreciate the importance of patterns in real life.

LEARNING COMPTENCIES:

Differentiates a geometric sequence from an arithmetic

sequence. (M10AL-Id-2)

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10
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DISCUSSION:

By recalling, arithmetic sequence is a sequence where

every term after the first is obtained by adding a constant called
the common difference, d. For instance the sequence, 4, 7, 10, 13,
16., it is an arithmetic sequence because the terms are obtained
by adding constant 3, which is the common difference, to the
preceding term. In the above examples, the arithmetic sequences
are items 2 and 4.
Whereas, the geometric sequence is a sequence where
each term after the first is obtained by multiplying the preceding
term by a nonzero constant called the common ratio, r. For
instance the sequence, 2, 8, 32, 128, 512., it is a geometric
sequence since the terms are obtained by multiplying a nonzero
constant 3, which is the common ratio, to the preceding terms. In
the previous examples, items 1, 3, and 5 are geometric sequences.
Although these two sequences are having key differences,
however, it lies in the fact that while an arithmetic sequence has
the difference between its two consecutive terms remains
constant, geometric sequence has the ratio between its two
consecutive remains constant as well.
Hence, with the above discussion, it would be clear that
there is a huge difference between the two types of sequences.
Further, an arithmetic sequence can be used to find out savings,
cost, final increment, etc. On the other hand, the practical
application of geometric sequence is to find out population
growth, interest, etc.

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ANSWER KEYS:

Lesson 1:

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Lesson 2:

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

JOELYZA M. ARCILLA, EdD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

MARCELO K. PALISPIS, EdD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY, EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
CID Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ELISA L. BAGUIO, EdD

Division Education Program Supervisor – MATHEMATICS

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

JOJEL R. ZERNA
Writer

MA. LOUANIE I. SASTRE

Layout Artist
_________________________________

ALPHA QA TEAM
CLAUDETH S. MERCADO
JAMES D. RODRIGUEZ
JEROME Y. SILORIO, EdD
MARICEL T. TROPEZADO

BETA QA TEAM
ELIZABETH A. ALAP-AP
EPIFANIA Q. CUEVAS
NIDA BARBARA S. SUASIN
VRENDIE P. SYGACO
MELBA S. TUMARONG
HANNAHLY I. UMALI

ENHANCEMENT TEAM
CLAUDETH S. MERCADO
JAMES D. RODRIGUEZ
MARIA FATIMA M. EMPERADO
LEONARDO M. GASO, JR.

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SYNOPSIS
The self-learning kit is all about illustrating geometric sequence. It
also discusses the difference between a geometric sequence and an
arithmetic sequence.

Activities are provided for students on how to find the patterns,

which will enable them to differentiate a geometric sequence from
an arithmetic sequence.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

JOJEL R. ZERNA is a graduate of Bachelor of Secondary

Education major in Mathematics at Negros Oriental State
University – Guihulngan campus in the year 2006. He is presently
teaching at Tambo National High School, Ayungon 2 District,
Tambo, Ayungon, Negros Oriental since 2008. He completed
his academic requirement for Master of Science in
Mathematics at Negros Oriental State University – Main
Campus last 2018.

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 REFERENCES

Books

Callanta Melvin M., et.al. K to 12 Mathematics 10 Learner’s Module.

Department of Education, Philippines: REX Book Store, 2015.

Dilao, Soledad J. Integrated Mathematics III. Textbook for Third Year.

Philippines: JTW Corporation, 2001.

Pascua, Leonarda B. et al. High School Mathematics – Concepts

and Operations. Philippines: Diwa Scholastic Press, Inc.,1995.

Website

Wikipedia. “Geometric progression.” Last modified July 01,2020.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_progression#:~:text=In
%20mathematics%2C%20a%20geometric%20progression,progre
ssion%20with%20common%20ratio%203.

Redden, John. “Advanced Algebra.” Last modified December 29,

2012. https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/ advanced-
algebra/s12-03-geometric-sequences-and-series.html

Difference between Arithmetic and Geometric Sequence.

https://askanydifference.com/difference-between-arithmetic-
and-geometric-sequence/

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