ACTIVITY 1

Relationship between Applied Linguistics and Education

Applied Linguistics

Applied Linguistics is a field of inquiry that addresses a broad range of language-related issues
in order to understand their roles in the lives of individuals and conditions in society. In general
terms applied linguistics deals with the practical applications of language studies, for example,
language teaching, translation and speech therapy, Applied Linguistics is also considered as the
application of findings, theories and methods of science related to questions of language and
communication, and that distinguishes different modes of applications (practical vs.
theoretical, and from top to bottom, that is, moving away from science, against the base, that
is, leaving a real-life problem).

Applied linguistic is known as a language related problem-solving approach?

Definitely it is, applied linguistics through its applications and subcategories helps a teacher to
improve the teaching of a second language for example, it is very useful for us because it deals
with language acquisition, cognition and teaching methods. It also offers language teachers a
practical set of skills that untrained teachers simply don’t have. So this is very useful for us as
they can be of great help to you and to future educators and most importantly, in our
classroom.

Linguistics in Education

Linguistics in education refers to a small but growing field of linguistics which advocates a
greater use of linguistic theory and linguistic curriculum in primary and secondary education.
Examples of linguistic applications could be for example; when we explain how certain
elements of a language evolved from the mother tongue, we are in the realm of historical
linguistics and when we use the linguist's techniques when we take long and involved
grammatical explanations and attempt to simplify them for our poor, bewildered students.

Importance of Applied Linguistics in EFL Teaching

Applied Linguistics is related to other terms such as; Sociology, education, linguistics and
psychology, these are important topics that will help the teacher in the process of teaching a
second language to their students and that they, with the study of applied linguistics, will
facilitate the learning process, since they will fully understand what this represents. Applied
linguistics is definitely the most appropriate subject to deal with the teaching-learning process
because it helps students to understand different languages through linguistics, also through
education, different types of methods and strategies.

Sociolinguistics and Psycholinguistic

The basic notion of sociolinguistics is quite simple: Language use symbolically represents
fundamental dimensions of social behavior and human interaction. The notion is simple, but
the ways in which language reflects behavior can often be complex and subtle.
The main points of Sociolinguistics are: the study of language variation (dialects, accents) and
language changes; and explains Why languages change. It describes language varieties
between different ethnic, religious, age, etc.., may influence the language differences, and
categorizes individuals in social or socioeconomic classes.

Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and

neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce
language and its main points are: The comprehension, production, and acquisition of language.

Relationship between Sociolinguistics, Psycholinguistic and Applied Linguistics.

As already mentioned, we know that sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics study different

aspects of language and its production, for example; the acquisition, the understanding, the
variation, the language changes among others, then according to these fields that they cover,
they are definitely intimately related to the applied linguistics because the applied linguistics
tries to solve the problems in the understanding and teaching of a Second language avoiding
the use of the mother tongue through the different subcategories that it possesses, according
to this, the teachers and students will obligatorily study the fields of both linguistics and
psycholinguistics so that it favors their teaching-learning process. In this way this relationship
becomes so important in the field of education because they involve all areas of the study of
language and a foreign language.

All the study of these disciplines undoubtedly help to better understand the principles of
language from its foundations, improve understanding of the variations of language from its
context or the formation of words, the formation of a sentence, because they involve sintax,
morphology, language production, semantics and grammatical structure. Finally, its study is
very useful because there is no other way to improve a teaching-learning process of a second
language, for all this it is important that a teacher has a great knowledge of these disciplines
and thus transmit it to the classroom.

Bibliography.

Jeremy, H (1998). How Teach english. Oxford University press, New York

Kelly, G. (2016). How to teach pronunciation.

Guy, C. (2003). Applied Linguistics. Oxford University press, New York

Nina, N (2011). Guia Didactica “Introduction to Applied Linguistics”, Loja, Ecuador, Ediloja.

Trudgill, Peter. (1995). Sociolinguistics: An introduction to language and society. London:

Penguin Books.

Wardhaugh, Ronald. (1992). An introduction to sociolinguistics. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.

Wolfram, Walt. (1991). Dialects and American English. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall (to
be reissued by Basil Blackwell in 1998 as American English: Dialects and variation).

ACTIVITY 2
Language Variations and their Role For Education.

Language Variation

The term variation refers to regional, social, or contextual differences in the ways that a
particular language is used. They also refer to the linguistic uses required by each situation, in
which the speaker either measures the scope of his words, such as in an interview, a speech, a
lecture, or makes a relaxed and spontaneous use of language, such as It happens when talking
with family or friends.

Types of language.

Code Switching

Is the use of more than one language, variety, or style by a speaker between different
interlocutor sor situations, its main point of Code switching is the practice of moving back and
forth between two languages, or between two dialects or registers of the same language.

Examples

1) The teacher gives a dialogue to the students, which includes a Turkish statement which the
students don’t know the English meaning. And he gives the English form of the sentence in
parenthesis to show the meaning of the new word.
Note: Secur is a native of Turkia

Joselyn: Secur, Secur, Oh there you are!

Secur: Calm down. What’s the rush?

Joselyn: Sana söylemek için can atıyorum. (I’ve been bursting to tell you)

Secur: Tell me what? It’s obviously got you excited.

Jocelyn: Well, Heather just told me that Mandy has dumped Gordon and got a new boyfriend.

Secur: Oohh, fancy that. Who is he?

The teacher wants his students to learn the meaning of the new word burst.

2) The teacher gives another dialogue to the students and wants them to guess the meaning of
the words in their native language which are written in bold.

John: Would you like to go out to dinner or to a movie?

Karen: Either one, it’s up to you.

John: What would you prefer?

Karen: I really don't care; I just want to get out of the house.

John: Well, then how about dinner and a movie?

Karen: That’s a great idea!

Students try to guess the meaning of it’s up to you from the context. And after finding the its
meaning as ‘sana bağlı’ , they are asked to put those words in the dialogue and read it again.

Register

The register is a variety of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social
setting. In phonology, a register, or pitch register, is a prosodic feature of syllables in certain
languages in which tone, vowel phonation, glottalization or similar features depend upon one
another.

Examples.

An English speaker may be more likely to use features of prescribed grammar than in an
informal setting, such as pronouncing words ending in (-ing) with a velar nasal instead of an
alveolar nasal ( "walking", not "walkin").

Also, an English speaker can choose more formal words such as (father vs Dad) and (child vs
kid), and refraining from using words considered nonstandard, such as ain't.

Standard Language
It is a linguistic standard particularly understood by all the speakers of the language, this
variation of language is usually used in formal conversation or in areas of great importance
such as education or the media, that is, it is a formal way of speaking for that everyone can
understand clearly. In this variation of language, the main point is the formal conversation
without any kind of idioms or words implied to distort the message.

Examples.

There are different standard varieties of English in the world, such as North American English,
Australian English and Indian English.

Contrast examples of Standard Language and Non Standard language.

Standard Language Non Standard language

Very good cool

To play a trick to pull one’s leg

Am not, is not, has not ain’t

Non Standard language.

This language is used by uneducated people or by certain groups that lack education or simply
are bulgars, this type of language differs from the standard language, in its vast majority at the
level of grammar and does not follow the rules of pronunciation as grammatical structure
regarding the standard language.

Example.

They ain’t got nothing.

We was there yesterday

Pass me them books!

I played good!

Dialect

This refers to the variety of language characteristic of a particular group of people in a given
speech community,region or country.

For example one may refer to a Coast dialect as there are certain vocabulary ítems and
sentences structures that Coast Countries have in common.

In the same case, an African-American person will speak in a different way to a person from
the Sierra region.

Accent
The characteristic mode of pronunciation of a person or group, especially that betrays social or
geographical origin. Also, someone who speaks with a particular accent pronounces the words
of a language in a distinctive way that shows which country, region, or social class they come
from.

Examples

An example of accent would be, when a Latin person speaks English, we will clearly realize that
country can be, since compared to a native speaker the difference would be very large.

Another clear example happens with a person of Russian origin because his accent would
delatate him quickly even if he speaks Spanish, or at least he speaks perfect English or Spanish
without an accent.

Slang

Consists of words, expressions, and meanings that are informal and are used by people who
know each other very well or who have the same interests. Its definition predominates in that
this variation of the language "slang" does not belong or is not considered in a language or
standard dialect of a speaker. Slang terms are often only understood by people in a
certain group, using slang is, above all, a way to show that you belong.

Examples.

Give a ring: To call someone on the telephone.

A buck: Slang term for a the American dollar.

Drive up the wall: To irritate.

Jargon

This variation of language is used in certain situations or in professions where only those who
work or belong to this activity will understand or will communicate with their peers. It is also
the name that receives a linguistic variety of speech different from the standard language and
sometimes incomprehensible to the speakers of this, often used by different social groups with
intentions to hide the true meaning of their words, at their convenience and need.

Examples in the field of medicine.

Laceration, Aspirate, Hematoma.

Examples in Education.

ELF, ELT, TEFL, SLA…..

In the examples provided we will clearly notice that the only ones who can determine these
terms and words will be the doctors and the language teachers respectively.
Implications of language variations for EFL teaching.

In one class of EFL we have a different variations of language, all students don’t talk the same
way, for this reason the teacher should work with your students in pronunciation of correct
sounds of words for don’t variations of language such as dialect, slang, and code switching.

To work with the class without variations of language, the teacher should work the skills of “
listening and speaking”, expalining a very well structure in the classroom.

Another important reason in which the variation of the language in the EFL teaching implies is
to make known to the students the difference between a standard language and a non-
standard language because the most convenient for the professional life is that the students in
formation learn to use mostly the standard language as it is worthy or is synonymous with
being educated and educated and consequently, our social, professional and professional
relationship will be pleasant, because both we and the other people around us will feel
comfortable when communicating.

How language variations can be dealt in class?

In the classroom these variations can be treated by improving the skills of "Listening and
Speaking", starting from the correct pronunciation of the words, teaching the different sounds
of the vowels, as there are many words of the same writing but have different meaning and
different pronunciation, for example the words "same" and "some", "take" and "talk", "pain"
and "paint", in this type of words many students get confused, but it is enough to teach a
correct pronunciation and Students will understand that they are different words and
therefore they do not have the same meaning.
Practically to treat these variations it is most convenient to work with the pronunciation
although it is very difficult for many students, but in short it is perhaps the most profitable
way, because the accent is improved, dialect in all aspects.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Kelly, G. (2016). How to teach pronunciation.

Guy, C. (2003). Applied Linguistics. Oxford University press, New York

Nina, N (2011). Guia Didactica “Introduction to Applied Linguistics”, Loja, Ecuador, Ediloja.

Jeremy, H (1998). How Teach english. Oxford University press, New York