Untitled

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Problem Background
Mobile devices are recognized as one of the basic tools to help humans in
their day-to-day activities and that is when applications are considered. Cellphones
and handheld computers are powerful technological innovations that due to their
portability and increasing functionality are gradually replacing desktop computers.
Watching their development, experts assert that we won’t need traditional PC at all
in the near future. As handheld computers and smartphones will have faster
processors, more memory, higher-resolution screens, better wireless
communication standards. They will generally give us opportunities and flexibility.
Today more and more people enjoy using smart technology to help them make
informed decisions, as mobile technology brings all necessary data in your pocket
and makes it available everywhere and anytime.
The mobile world rapidly changes and allows us to predict the way
cellphones and handheld computers will evolve. Smartphones are sophisticated
devices used for communications while offering many other different functions at
the same time. These functions may include video, audio recording, navigation
assistance, music, video player and web browsing through wireless networks and
apps raging from games to highly specialized dictionaries which are suitable for
students nowadays.
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One of a school’s main concern is to guide the students in the full extent
possible. The school must implement a method in a straightforward yet effective
approach for the students to cope better within the campus. Supporting the
students in their day-to-day activities must be put into consideration.
A Bulletin Board is one of the things inside the campus that the students rely
on, yet it is expected to be modernized given that technology is incorporated
nowadays. This is one of the main initiatives of the proponent in the development
of the system.
Campus Bulletin application will display all the activities, announcements
and updates of the different departments so that it will be easier for the people in
the Campus to access information.
Project Description
Campus Bulletin application is purposely made in order to help the
campuses organize the announcements for the entire school year. It usually
displays all the activities, announcements, and updates of different departments
that will be easier for the people inside the campus to access information.
Moreover, students can communicate and ask their concerns directly to their
instructors. The same process with instructors, they can be able to post their
announcements using this platform; exclusively for the school.
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Project Objectives
This study was purposely done for the benefit of the students and the
instructors. This will help them ease and manage their time wisely especially in
managing school events. The purposes include the following:
 To develop an application that will manage the school activities in a
university.
 To help the students ask questions to their instructors anytime.
 It will serve as a tool of communication between the school management
and the students.
 It will help the students and school management to easily disseminate the
information such as important events and other reminders.
 To easily access the rules and regulations of a school as well as the
campus maps.
 It supports the students in their day-to-day activities.
 The instructors can send urgent announcements to their students.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study mainly focuses only in;
 Students
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It can register and access the system (Campus Bulletin).
 Administrator
Register the teachers on this system. It can access and manage all
the information on the system.
 Teacher/s
It can post an announcement and create subject for students.
 Announcements
The school administration and teachers’ announcements are allowed.
Only JPEG, JPJ, and PNG files with a maximum size of 2.5 MB are
accepted for announcements and events posts.
 Comments
It can only be provided by students. Suggestions, requests, and
comments are all acceptable forms of communication.
 News
It’s all about school news.
Students and teachers can view and give feedback to the news.
This study does not include Facebook or any other social networking sites.
Significance of the Study
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This study is conducted in order to propose a mobile application that will
improve the communication and the schools’ events management. Firstly, this
mobile application allows the instructors to post important announcements that is
very helpful yet straightforward. In that case, students will be directly updated.
Secondly, the user of this mobile app doesn’t need to ask from a person.
Students will no longer hassle themselves nor need to look up in the bulletin board.
With this, they can use their free time and enjoy the convenience provided by this
mobile application.
Theoretical Background
Today’s modern classroom, whether online or campus-based, uses e-
learning tools and Learning Management Systems that capture students’ cognition
and engages them in the learning process via technology, while increasing their
needs for self-directedness.
The use of online discussion forum (ODF) has emerged as a common tool
and an effective way of engaging students outside the classroom. ODF is an e-
learning platform that allows students to post messages to the discussion threads,
interact and receive feedback from other students and instructor, and foster deeper
understanding towards the subject under study. In an ODF there is no loss of data
as the students’ written messages are stored in the virtual space, and can be
retrieved and reviewed anytime. The use of online instructional tools can remove
some of the communication impediments associated with the face-to-face lectures
providing a forum to address issues through argumentative and collaborative
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discourse (Karacapilidis and Papadias, 2001). For students, the online
environment is less intimidating, less prone to be dominated by a single participant
and less bounded by convention (Redmon and Burger, 2004). It also provides
students the flexibility of time and place to reflect on the previous postings to the
discussion thread (Anderson and Kanuka, 1997) and thus actively engages them
in a meaningful and intellectual experience [1: Balaji and Chakrabarti, 2010].
However, Heiberger and Harper mentioned that Student Involvement
Theory is an Astin’s theory of college student involvement has five tenets that can
be used to gauge the level of involvement in a particular experience. Student
involvement theory has and continues to take many forms in the student affairs
literature. It was recently readdressed in Student Success in College (Kuh and
others, 2005) as student engagement.[2] Then, the public access electronic
bulletin board is a medium which serves middle-sized audiences. It is a growing
medium both in terms of audience size and in proliferation of outlets. Its public
image has been charged with a mix of exaggerations [3: Rafaeli, 2021].
Moreover, this study may apply the Diffusion of Innovation Theory (Rogers,
1962; 2003) which presents crucial factors for dissemination of innovations,
including properties of the innovation, the adopters, the communication channels
by which the innovation is disseminated, time, and the social system in which the
adopter lives and works. Diffusion is the process by which an innovation is
communicated through certain channels over time among members of a social
system (Rogers, 2003). It is a social change, a process by which alteration occurs
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in the structure of a social system involving interpersonal communication
relationships. [4: Genlott, et.al, 2019].
In addition, Information theory is most suited in a way that mathematical
theory that quantifies information and utilizes these quantities for modeling
situations and solving optimality problems of communication and information
storage. It deals with both theoretical and practical aspects of data compression
and reliable transmission of information over noisy channels. The data source
entropy gives a lower bound for the rate of data compression. Rates for reliable
information transmission are bounded by the capacity of the given channel. The
theory also includes theoretical analysis of secrecy system [5: Nemetz].
Review of Related Literature
Advances in technology have led to wider use of mobile devices due to their
ability to access high speed wireless data networks. Usage of Mobile technology
present information seekers with a variety of advantages such as, 24/7 connectivity
and self-service, limitless access and time saving. The use of handheld devices
has skyrocketed, leaving information providers with no option but to implement
mobile web platforms that will enable mobile information dissemination. On the
other hand, mobile technology refers to portable electronic devices that allow
instantaneous access to information (Nalluri & Gaddam, 2016). It provides a
suitable platform for information dissemination as it is more personalized.
Information providers can harness mobile features such as physical locations and
search history to provide selective information dissemination or enhanced user-
oriented services (Saxena & Yadav, 2013) [6: Shonhe, et.al 2017].
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Furthermore, the rapid development of electronic media has turned the
attention to bulletin board system (BBS) to overshadow analog bulletin board
(BBA). BBA as a model for bridging many-to-many communications as a pioneer
for computer networking services. In 1978 [6] in Chicago, the First Dial-up Bulletin
Board was created very similar in function and features to its predecessor analog
bulletin board (BBA) [7: Suwito].
This study is supported by the Republic Act No. 10650, an act expanding
access to educational services by institutionalizing open distance learning in levels
of tertiary education and appropriating funds therefor; SEC. 9. Mode of Delivery.
States that the ODL programs may be delivered using information and
communications technology and other approaches, such as the following: (a)
Print (textbooks, study guides, workbooks, course syllabi, correspondence
feedback and other print formats); (b) Audio-Visual (radio, audio cassettes, slides,
film, videotapes, television, telephone, fax, audio-conferencing and video-
conferencing); (c) Electronic/Computer Technology and Virtual Classrooms
(internet, CD-ROM, electronic mail, e-bulletin boards, podcasts, m-learning, i-
lectures, e-learning or online learning management systems); and (d) Face-to-
Face Sessions (conducted in learning and study centers). SEC.3 (a) Distance
education refers to a mode of learning in which students and teachers are
physically separated from each other. It is student-centered, guided independent
study, making use of well-studied teaching and learning pedagogies to deliver well-
designed learning materials in various media. It is also sometimes described as
flexible learning and distributed learning [8: 2014].
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Backtracking algorithm is used in this study because it is a technique to find
a solution to a problem in an incremental approach. It solves problems recursively
and tries to solve a problem by solving one piece of the problem at a time. If one of
the solutions fails, we remove it and backtrack to find another solution. In other
words, a backtracking algorithm solves a subproblem, and if it fails to solve the
problem, it undoes the last step and starts again to find the solution to the problem
(9: 2020). Therefore, backtracking algorithm suits this study in a way that it is
capable of backtracking the events and announcements in the previous posts
either from an instructor or a student.
Definition of Terms
The following are terms used for easily understanding this
system.
Announcement - a public and typically formal
statement about a fact, occurrence,
or intention.
Backtracking Algorithm - because it is a technique to find a
solution to a problem in an
incremental approach. It solves
problems recursively and tries to
solve a problem by solving one
piece of the problem at a time. If
one of the solutions fails, we
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remove it and backtrack to find
another solution. In other words, it
solves a subproblem, and if it fails
to solve the problem, it undoes the
last step and starts again to find the
solution to the problem
Bulletin Board - is one of the traditional things
inside the campus that the students
rely on specifically on the hall way.
Campus Bulletin - the researcher’s proposed study.
This application is an online bulletin
board. It supports the day-to-day
lives of students in school. It is an
application that helps school
managements in managing school
activities. It is an easy way to
communicate with the students as
well as a medium to easily
disseminate information.
Campus Map - it shows the locations of schools,
hospitals, manufacturing plants,
apartment or condo complexes,
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office parks, and other structures.
They are used by students, visitors,
employees, and residents to
navigate the campus. Campus
maps should be highly legible and
easily transferable from digital to
print, as they are often used for
wayfinding and severe and weather
planning.
Developer/Researcher - a person who conducted this study
in order to help the society and
improve the communication
strategy of a school.
Diffusion of Innovation - presents crucial factors for
Theory dissemination of innovations,
including properties of the
innovation, the adopters, the
communication channels by
which the innovation is
disseminated, time, and the social
system in which the adopter lives
and works.
Diffusion - is the process by which an
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innovation is communicated
through certain channels over time
among members of a social
system.
Electronic Bulletin Board - an improved bulletin board modern
technology which is incorporated
nowadays as means of medium in
disseminating information
throughout the campus.
Events - it is a thing that happens, especially
one of importance.
Information theory - is a mathematical theory that
quantifies information and utilizes
these quantities for modeling
situations and solving optimality
problems of communication and
information storage. It deals with
both theoretical and practical
aspects of data compression and
reliable transmission of information
over noisy channels.
Instructor/Teacher - a person who could use this mobile
app for the purpose of posting
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announcements for school events
and information dissemination.
Mobile technology - refers to portable electronic devices
that allow instantaneous access to
information.
Online discussion forum - is a common tool and an effective
(ODF) way of engaging students outside
the classroom. It is an e-learning
platform that allows students to
post messages to the
discussion threads, interact
and receive feedback from other
students and instructor, and foster
deeper understanding towards the
subject under study.
Republic Act No. 10650 - an act expanding access to
educational services by
institutionalizing open distance
learning in levels of tertiary
education and appropriating funds.
School - it is the intended target user to use
Management/Administrato the “Campus Bulletin” system. The
r one who has access to the system
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and manages it. He/she could
update or delete information in the
system.
Students - It is referring to a person. The one
who is on the receiving end, the
one who views the announcements
posted on the application.
Student Involvement - Astin’s theory of college student
Theory involvement. It consists of five
tenets that can be used to gauge
the level of involvement in a
particular experience. It has and
continues to take many forms in the
student affairs literature.
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CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
Block Diagram
Student
Login Login
Add Announcement View Announcement
Manage Announcement View News
Add News Joined Subjects
Manage News Update Info
Add Teacher
Admin
Website Database Server
Manage Teacher
Add Student
Manage Student
Add Course Login
Manage Course Add Subject

Manage Subject
Manage Subject
View Subject Created
Comments
View Announcement
View News
Update Info
Teacher
Fig. 1.0 Block Diagram
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This block diagram describes the process and flow of this system. Where
student, teacher, and administrator's data will be saved on the web database
server.
To begin with, the student must create an account first, after creating an
account, the student can now log in to access all the features of the system. In
creating an account, the student must fill all the data required such as complete
name, email, contact number, and password. Once already logged-in into the
system, the student can now view all the features exclusive to them. One of those
features is joining a class and a subject where in doing so, it requires a class code
from the teacher. They can also view the announcement and news about school
activities and comment on them. Then, update their profile whenever they want to
make a change to their personal information. Changing passwords is also
applicable for them to secure their account.
Furthermore, teachers must log in first to access the features in the
system that is specifically for them. But, to login into the system, the teacher
should ask first for their email and password from the administrator. Because the
teachers cannot make their username and password. Once given and their data is
registered in the system, the teacher can now log in and access the system. The
teacher can create his/her classes, class name, section, and subject name. He/she
needs to send a class code to the students so that they can join. In addition, the
teacher can post any announcements regarding his/her class. Moreover, teachers
can distinguish crucial notifications coming from both students and administrators
on the news page as well as from past and recent news. Thus, account safety
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always matters. It must be protected from any unauthorized access that includes
his/her privacy and any information he/she has. With that, the teacher can update
his/her account including the password.
On the other hand, the administrator that manages most of the system
should log in first to access the system. Unlike the student and teacher who had
only limited access to the system, the admin is the one who accepts a teacher or
student in the system. So, one of the admin's functions is to manage the student,
teacher, and even announcements at school. He/she could add a teacher to a
system to easily track it if there is an unexpected event or crucial announcement to
make. He/she is responsible for making the teacher's password to login into this
system. the admin could block and unblock or remove an instructor from the
system for whatever legal reasons he/she may have. Moreover, the admin could
add and manage the course on campus and its important information. If any data is
being deleted it is his/her responsibility for the system's loss or any harm it may
cause to the student and teacher. Likewise, as usual, an account must be
protected from anyone. So, any updates and changes to the admin's account are
applicable.
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Class Diagram
1 1…* 1…*
tbladmin tbladpost tblcomment
ID ID id
AdminName UserId name
1 UserName 1 SubjectId profilepic 1…*
Email Title content
Password PostImage 1 user_id
Profilepic Description post_id
AdminRegDate Status postingdate
DateCreated
1
UpdationDate
1…* 1…*
tblstudents 1 tblsubjects
id tblteachers
id
FirstName 1…* user_id
LastName id
Firstname Code
Contact 1 Class_name
1 Lastname 1…*
EmailId section
1 Password 1…* EmailId 1
Password subject
Picture cover
Status Picture
Status CreationDate
Regdate UpdationDate
UpdationDate RegDate
UpdationDat Is_Active
1 1…*
1…* 1…* 1…*
tblgetsubject tblcourse
id id
student_id 1 1…* 1
course_name
1…* subject_id 1 course_description
status course_image
joindate status
Fig. 2.0 Class Diagram
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Project Management
Materials and Resources
The following are the materials and resources needed in making this
project. It indicates the materials that are needed for the circuit and documentation.
Materials/Resources Quantity Cost
1 Php 4, 000.00
Printer (Epson L20 with refill)
USB Flash Drive 3.0 OTG

1 Php 500.00
(SanDisk 64GB)
Bond Paper 1000 Sheets Php 420.00
Acer Aspire 5 Laptop 1 Php 35, 000.00
Mouse (Logitech M90 Optical

1 Php 150.00
Mouse
Internet 1 Php 5, 000.00
Total Cost - Php 45, 070.00
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Table 1.0 Materials and Resources
Hardware
Printer (Epson L20 with refill) – It has a nominal voltage AC 120/230 V, a
frequency of 50/60 Hz and a power consumption operational of 10 Watt. The
Epson L20 brings speedy performance with low running costs. Used for printing
the materials necessary in building the documentation of the system.
USB Flash Drive 3.0 OTG (SanDisk 64GB)–This flash drive makes it easy
to back up transferred and shared files. Sleek in style and great in value. A USB
Flash Drive is a device used for data storage that includes a flash memory and an
integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. This portable USB flash drive
allows you to carry and transfer files on the go like photos, videos, or music files to
share with family and friends. You can share files between computers with this
convenient USB flash drive. Flash drive comes with the exclusive SanDisk
SecureAccess, which creates a password protected private folder on your flash
drive, SanDisk SecureAccess software uses 128-bit AES encryption, so you’ll be
able to share the files you want while keeping your private files locked. SanDisk
has a plug and play system and a transfer speed up to 480 Mtv’s.
Bond paper (short) – used for printing the written documentation of this
system.
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Acer Aspire 5 Laptop- highly versatile Acer Aspire 5 laptop is powered by
the latest 12th Gen Intel® Core™ i7 processors for multitasking and
NVIDIA® graphics1 for accelerated photo and video editing performance. With the
operating system Windows 11 containing a 32GB DDR4 with 2TB Dual SSDs. It is
an experienced engineered solutions to maximize cooling with dual fans supporting
multiple cooling modes and dual copper thermal pipes. Expel up to 10% more heat
with the air inlet keyboard to keep it cool when it counts. Displaying the best, such
that create on the FHD or QHD display with optional touch screen availability.
Boasting an 81.18% screen-to-body ratio and Acer visual technologies for dynamic
color optimization and viewing comfort. With Acer TNR Solution, experience image
noise reduction in low-light conditions. Acer PurifiedVoice™ can actively suppress
background noise for both users and is compatible with external headphones and
mics. Featuring the next generation in connectivity: Wi-Fi 6E, perfect for high-
speed file sharing and smooth 4K streaming, and Bluetooth ® 5.2. And with a
Thunderbolt™ 4 port, connect two 4K displays for multitasking. The Aspire 5
features a metal cover and an elevating hinge design with ergonomic features.
Available in multiple colors to match your style, and includes an optional backlit
keyboard so you can do more from wherever, whenever.
Mouse (Logitech M90 Optical Mouse) – It has a power indicator, laser
engine and uses a super ratchet wheel to view smoothly, unique and comfortable
design with accurate rolling, and ergonomic design to provide best support to your
hand. It is responsive, smooth cursor control, precise tracking and easy text
selection thanks to high-definition optical tracking (100 dpi). The system uses the
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mouse as an input device. This allows the user to select items stored on a
computer and subsequently, perform actions on those items.
Software
Operating System (Windows 10 64-bit) – It is capable of storing
more computational values, including memory addresses, which means it’s able to
access over four billion times the physical memory of a 32-bit processor. It is a
series of personal computer operating systems produced by Microsoft as part of its
Windows NT family of operating systems. Windows 10 64-bit is used in the
application to manage the computer’s resources, such as the central processing
unit, memory, disk drives and printers. Moreover, it established a user interface,
executed and provided services or application software.
Internet (40 Mbps) – 40 Mbps is downloading 5MB a second. It can get a
700MB standard definition movie in 2 minutes and 20 seconds at full speed. It is a
system architecture that has revolutionized communications and methods of
commerce by allowing various computer networks around the world to
interconnect. The Internet is very useful to the system because it creates access to
information, communication and payment set by the client and administrator.
XAMPP Database Server – is a free and open-source cross-platform web
server solution slack package developed by Apache Friends, consisting mainly of
the Apache HTTP Server, MariaDB database, and interpreters for scripts written in
PHP and Perl programming languages. Is where all the data stored to from the
system.
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Sublime Text – is a shareware cross-platform source code editor with a
Python application programming interface. It natively supports many programming
languages and markup languages, and functions can be added by users with
plugins, typically community-built and maintained under free-software licenses.
The system uses the Sublime Text as a code editor in editing the codes which
includes the HTML, CSS, and PHP.
Atom – it is a concurrent programming language intended for embedded
applications. Atom features compile-time task scheduling and generates code with
deterministic execution time and memory consumption, simplifying worst case
execution time analysis for applications that require hard real time performance.
1st Semester 2019-2020
Jul Aug Sep Oct No

ACTIVITIES
1-30 1-31 1-30 1-31 1-3
Meeting with the members
Reviewing the Thesis 1 documentation

Planning the flow collecting pictures for web
design
Designing the program/database
Critiquing the design
Revising the design and finalizing
Gantt Chart
Coding the program
Testing the program
Consulting the Technical Adviser
Revising the correction
After recommendation, finalizing and preparing
for oral defense
Oral defense
Revising
Finalizing
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2nd Semester 2020-2021
Feb Mar Apr May
ACTIVITIES
1-28 1-31 1-30 1-31
Fig. 3.0 Gantt Chart
Meeting with the thesis adviser
Planning on where to conduct the study
Preparing for the intent letter
Proceeding for the approval of the letter for BISU
Asking permission from the establishment
Critiquing the Thesis I documentation
Revising the critiqued Thesis I documentation
Reviewing the Thesis I documentation
Revising the correction
Making the Thesis II documentation
Critiquing the Thesis II documentation
Revising the critiqued Thesis II documentation and
finalizing
Conducting interviews from the respondents of the said
establishment
After recommendation, finalizing and preparing for oral
defense
Pre-oral defense
Revising
Finalizing
24
Fig. 4.0 Gantt Chart
Prototype Design
Preview 1.0 Home Page
25
Preview 2.0 About BISU: Brief History
Preview 3.0 About BISU: Course Offered
26
Preview 4.0 About BISU: Vision Mission Goals
Preview 5.0 Announcement Page
27
Preview 6.0 News Page
Preview 7.0 Contact Us Page
28
Preview 8.0 Student Registration
Preview 9.0 Student Login
29
Preview 10.0 Student Forgot Password
Preview 11.0 Student Join Class
30
Preview 12.0 Student View Announcement & News
31
Preview 13.0 Student View News Feed
Preview 14.0 Student Update Profile
32
Preview 15.0 Student Change Profile Picture
Preview 16.0 Student Change Password
33
Preview 17.0 Teacher Login
Preview 18.0 Teacher Create Class
34
Preview 19.0 Teacher Classes
Preview 20.0 Teacher Teaching
35
Preview 21.0 Teacher Archive Classes
Preview 22.0 Teacher Announcement Page
36
Preview 23.0 Teacher News Page
Preview 24.0 Teacher Profile Page
37
Preview 25.0 Teacher Change Password Page
Preview 26.0 Admin Login
38
Preview 27.0 Admin Dashboard
Preview 28.0 Admin Add Teacher Page
39
Preview 29.0 Admin Manage Teacher Page
Preview 30.0 Admin Add Student Page
40
Preview 31.0 Admin Manage Student Page
Preview 32.0 Admin Add News Page
41
Preview 33.0 Admin View News Page
Preview 34.0 Admin Update News Details Page
42
Preview 35.0 Admin Delete Manage News Page
Preview 36.0 Admin Restore Deleted News Details
Preview 37.0 Admin Deleted News Details Delete Permanently
43
Preview 38.0 Admin Add Course Page
44
Preview 39.0 Admin Manage Course Page List
Preview 40.0 Admin Update Course Details Page
45
Preview 41.0 Admin Delete Course Details
Preview 42.0 Admin Restore Course Details
46
Preview 43.0 Admin Course Details Delete Permanently
Preview 44.0 Admin Create Post Page
47
Preview 45.0 Admin Update Announcement Post Details Page
Preview 46.0 Admin Delete Manage Subject Details Page
Preview 47.0 Admin Restore Deleted Manage Subject Details Page
48
Preview 48.0 Admin Deleted Subjects Delete Permanently
Preview 49.0 Admin Update Profile Page
49
Preview 50.0 Admin Change Password Page
Subsystem Design
tblstudents
[New user] = add_new
id
FirstName
Lastname
Contact
EmailId
Password
Picture
Students Account
Student
Fig. 5.0 Student Registration
50
tblstudents
[Student] = student_login
id
EmailId
Password
Login successful/unsuccessful
Student
Fig. 6.0 Student Login
tblstudents
[Student Request For Password] =

student_request_for_password
id
FirstName
Lastname
Contact
EmailId
Password
Picture
Old Password
Student
Fig. 7.0 Student Request for Password
51
tblsubjects
[Student Join Class] = student_join_class
id
code
status
joindate
Joined class successful/unsuccessful
Student
Fig. 8.0 Student Join Class
tblsubjects
[Cancel Requested Class] = cancel_requested_class
id
user_id
Cancel request successfully/unsuccessfully
Student
Fig. 9.0 Student Cancel Requested Class
tbladpost
52
[View Announcement and News List] =
view_announcement_and_news_list
ID
User_id
Title
Description
DateCreated
Display announcement and news list
Student
Fig. 10.0 Student View Announcement and News List
tbladpost tblcomment
[View Announcement and News List] =

view_announcement_and_news_list
[comment] = comment
ID
User_id id
Title name
Description profilepic
DateCreated content
user_id
post_id
postingdate
Comment successful
Student
Fig. 11.0 Student Comment on Announcement and News
53
tbladpost
[View News Feed] = view_news_feed
ID
Title
UserId
SubjectId
Description
PostImage
Status
Display news feed
Student
Fig. 12.0 Student View News Feed
tbladpost Comment
[comment] = comment
ID
id
Title
UserId name
SubjectId profilepic
Description content
PostImage user_id
Status post_id
postingdate
Comment successful
Student
Fig. 13.0 Student Comment on News Feed
54
tblsubjects
[View Subject Details] = view_subject_details
id
user_id
Code
class_name
section
subject
cover
CreationDate
Display subject details

Student
Fig. 14.0 Student View Subject Details
tblstudents
[Student View Account] = student_view_account
id
FirstName
Lastname
Contact
EmailId
Picture
Regdate
UpdationDate
Display profile details
Student
Fig. 15.0 Student View Profile
tblstudents
55
[Update Profile Details] = update_profile_details
id
FirstName
Lastname
Contact
EmailId
Picture
Regdate
UpdationDate
Display updated profile details

Student
Fig. 16.0 Student Update Profile Details
tblstudents
[Change Password] = change_password
id
Password
newpass
confirmpass
Change password successfully
Student
Fig. 17.0 Student Change Password Details
tblteachers
56
[Teacher Login] = teacher_login
email
password
Teacher
Fig. 18.0 Teacher Login
tblsubjects
[View Teacher Classes] = view_teacher_classes
id
user_id
Code
class_name
section
subject
cover
CreationDate
UpdationDate
Display teacher classes

Teacher
Fig. 19.0 Teacher View Classes
57
tblesubjects
[Create Class] = create_class
id
user_id
Code
class_name
section
subject
cover
CreationDate
UpdationDate
Display created class

Teacher
Fig. 20.0 Teacher Create Class
tblsubjects
[View Subjects] = view_subjects
Id
User_id
code
class_name
section
summernote
CreationDate
UpdationDate
Display teaching subjects
Teacher
Fig. 21.0 Teacher View Subjects
58
tbladpost
[View Announcement] = view_announcement
ID
UserId
SubjectId
Title
PostImage
Description
Status
DateCreated
UpdationDate
Display announcement
Teacher
Fig. 22.0 Teacher View Announcement
[View Announcement] =
view_announcement
[Comment] = comment
ID
UserId
id
SubjectId
name
Title
profilepic
PostImage
content
Description
user_id
Status
post_id
DateCreated
postingdate
UpdationDate
Display comment
Teacher
Fig. 23.0 Teacher Comment on Announcement
59
tbladpost
ID
UserId
SubjectId
Title
PostImage
Description
Status
DateCreated
UpdationDate
Display news feed
Teacher
Fig. 24.0 Teacher View News Feed
[Comment] = comment
ID
UserId id
SubjectId name
Title profilepic
PostImage content
Description user_id
Status post_id
DateCreated postingdate
UpdationDate
Display comment
Teacher
Fig. 25.0 Teacher Comment on News Feed
tblteachers
60
id
Firstname
Lastname
Picture
UpdationDate
Display updated profile
Teacher
Fig. 26.0 Teacher Update Profile Details
tblteachers
id
Password
Display Validation
Teacher
Fig. 27.0 Teacher Change Password
tbladmin
61
[Admin Login] = admin_login
username
password
Admin
Fig. 28.0 Admin Login
tblteachers
[Add Teacher] = add_teacher
id
Firstname
Lastname
EmailId
Password
Picture
Display added teacher
Admin
Fig. 29.0 Admin Add Teacher
tblteachers
62
[View Manage Teacher List] = view_manage_teacher_list
id
Firstname
Lastname
EmailId
Status
UpdationDate
Display teacher list

Admin
Fig. 30.0 Admin View Manage Teacher List
tblstudents
[Add Student] = add_student
id
FirstName
Lastname
Contact
EmailId
Password
confirmpass
Picture
Display Added student
Admin
Fig. 31.0 Admin Add Student
63
tblstudents
[View Manage Student List] = view_manage_student_list
id
FirstName
Lastname
EmailId
Contact
Status
UpdationDate
Display student list
Admin
Fig. 32.0 Admin View Manage Student List
tbladpost
[Add News] = add_news
ID
Title
Description
SubjectId
DateCreated
Display added news
Admin
Fig. 33.0 Admin Add News
tbladpost
64
[Update News Details] = update_news_details
ID
Title
Description
PostImage
SubjectId
UpdationDate
Display updated news details
Admin
Fig. 34.0 Admin Update News Details
tblcomment
[comment] = comment
id
name
profilepic
content
user_id
post_id
postingdate
Display comment
Admin
Fig. 35.0 Admin Comment on News
65
tbladpost
[View News List] = view_news_list
ID
Title
DateCreated
UpdationDate
Status
Display news list
Admin
Fig. 36.0 Admin View News List
tbladpost
[Delete News List] = delete_news_list
ID
Delete News
Admin
Fig. 37.0 Admin Delete News List
66
tbladpost
[Restore Deleted News List] = restore_deleted_news_list
ID
Title
Description
SubjectId
DateCreated
Display restored news list
Admin
Fig. 38.0 Admin Restore Deleted News List
tbladpost
[Delete Permanently Deleted News List] =delete_permanently_news_list
ID
Title
Description
SubjectId
DateCreated
Delete News permanently
Admin
Fig. 39.0 Admin Delete Permanently Deleted News List
tblcourse
67
[Add Course] = add_course
id
course_name
course_description
course_image
Display added course
Admin
Fig. 40.0 Admin Add Course
tblcourse
[View Course List] = view_course_List
id
course_name
course_description
status
Display course list
Admin
Fig. 41.0 Admin View Course List
tblcourse
68
[Update Course Details] = update_course_details
id
course_name
course_description
course_image
Display updated course details
Admin
Fig. 42.0 Admin Update Course Details
tblcourse
[Delete Course List] = delete_course_list
id
Delete course
Admin
Fig. 43.0 Admin Delete Course List
69
tblcourse
[Restore Deleted Course List] = restore_deleted_course_list
id
course_name
course_description
status
Restored course list
Admin
Fig. 44.0 Admin Restore Deleted Course List
tblcourse
[Delete Permanently Course List] = delete_permanently_course_list
id
Deleted permanently course list
Admin
Fig. 45.0 Admin Delete Permanently Deleted Course List
70
tbladpost
[Create Announcement Post] = create_announcement_post
ID
PostImage
Title
Description
Display announcement post
Admin
Fig. 46.0 Admin Create Announcement Post
Comment
[Commented on Post] = commented_on_post
id
name
profilepic
content
user_id
post_id
postingdate
Display comment
Admin
Fig. 47.0 Admin Comment on Announcement Post
tblsubjects
71
[View Subject List] = view_subject_list
id
user_id
code
class_name
CreationDate
UpdationDate
is_Active
Display subject list
Admin
Fig. 48.0 Admin View Subject List
tblsubjects
[Delete Subject] = delete_subject
id
Deleted subject
Admin
Fig. 49.0 Admin Delete Subject List
tblsubjects
72
[Restore Deleted Subject] = restore_deleted_subject
id
user_id
code
class_name
CreationDate
UpdationDate
is_Active
Restored Deleted subject
Admin
Fig. 50.0 Admin Restore Deleted Subject
tblsubjects
[Delete Permanently Deleted Subject List] =

delete_permanently_deleted_subject_list
id
user_id
code
class_name
CreationDate
UpdationDate
is_Active
Subject list deleted permanently
Admin
Fig. 51.0 Admin Delete Permanently Deleted Subject List
73
tbladmin
ID
AdminName
UserName
Email
Profilepic
Display updated profile details

Admin
Fig. 52.0 Admin Update Profile Details
tbladmin
ID
Password
Change password successfully/unsuccessfully
Admin
Fig. 53.0 Admin Change Password
74
Program Flowchart
Start
Student Registration
Enter Student Info

False (FirstName,
Lastname, EmailId,
Contact and
Password)
If the student’s
info is valid
True
A 75
Save Student Info to
database table
‘tblstudents’
Proceed to Homepage
End
Fig. 54.0 Student Registration
Start
Student Login
False Enter student login info False

(EmailId and Password)
Retrieve data from database

table ‘tblstudents’
Check all fields if

valid
True
76
If the EmailId &
Password entered is
equal to the database
True
Successfully Login
Proceed to Dashboard
End
Fig. 55.0 Student Login
Start
Login
Student Homepage
Retrieve student Enter student’s

info from info (EmailId, False
database table Contact and
‘tblstudents’ Password)
Does password exist

in the database table
‘tblstudents’?
True
77
False Enter New and
Confirm Password
Is Password
correct?
True
Update student’s password
to database table
‘tblstudents’
End
Fig. 56.0 Student Forgot Password
Start
Student Login
Joined Class
False
Enter (subject
code) to join
Subject
code
confirmation
78
True
Save subject info

to database table
End
Fig. 57.0 Student Joined Class
Start
Student Login
Join Class
Retrieve subject info

from database table
‘tblgetsubjects’
79
View requested class (status)
End
Fig. 58.0 Student View Requested Class
Start
Student Login
Join Class
Retrieved class info from

database table
‘tblgetsubject’
False
Cancel Request
80
If requested class
cancelled
successfully
True
Cancel class info from

database table
‘tblgetsubject’
End
Fig. 59.0 Student Cancelled Requested Class
Start
Student Login
Announcement and News
Retrieve data from

database table
‘tbladpost’ & ‘tblnews’
View Announcement and News List

81
(Title)
End
Fig. 60.0 Student View Announcement and News
Start
Student Login
Announcement and News Details
Retrieve data from

database table
‘tbladpost’ & ‘tblnews’
82
View Announcement and News
Details (title, postimage, and
description)
End
Fig. 61.0 View Announcement and News Details
Start
Student Login
Student Comment Message
Retrieved announcement and

news info from database table
‘tbladpost’
False Enter message comment to

the post
83
If message entered is
valid
True
Student commented successfully
Save message comments to

database ‘tblcomment’
End
Fig. 62.0 Student Comment Message on Announcement and News
Start
Student Login
News Page
Retrieve news feed info

from database table
‘tbladpost’
84
View News feed Info (PostImage,
Description, and DateCreated)
End
Fig. 63.0 Student View News Page
Start
Student Login
Profile Page
Retrieved profile info from

database table ‘tblstudents’
False Update student profile

False
details (FirstName,
Lastname, and Picture)
If id == id 85
Check all from
fields if database
valid table
True
True
Student’s profile updated successfully
Update profile details from

End
Fig. 64.0 Student Update Profile Details
Start
Student Login
Settings Change Password
False Retrieve Password

Change password
info from database
info (Password)
Does password
exist in the True
Enter New and False
database table
‘tblstudents’? Confirm Password
86
Is Password
correct?
True
Update student’s password

to database table
‘tblstudents’
End
Fig. 65.0 Student Change Password Details
Start
Teacher Login
False Enter teacher login info False

(EmailId and Password)
Retrieve data from database

table ‘tblteachers’
Check all fields if

valid
87
True
If the EmailId &

Password entered is
equal to the database
True
Successfully Login
Proceed to Dashboard
End
Fig. 65.0 Teacher Login
Start
Teacher Login
Add Class
Enter class details

False
(class_name,
section and
subject)
Check all 88
fields if valid
Save info to
database table
‘tblsubjects’
End
Fig. 66.0 Teacher Added Class
Start
Teacher Login
Class Page
Retrieve class details

from database table
‘tblsubjects’
89
End
Fig. 67.0 Teacher View Class Details
Start
Teacher Login
Class Page
Announcement
False Announcement
(PostImage and 90
Description)
True
Save announcement on
database table
‘tbladpost’
End
Fig. 68.0 Teacher Makes Announcement
Start
Teacher Login
Class Page
Announcement
Message Comment
Enter message to
False
comment on
announcement posted
(content, Postingdate)
91
Check if all fields are
valid
True
Message commented successfully
Save comment message to

database table ‘tbcomment’
End
Fig. 69.0 Teacher Commented on Announcement
Start
Teacher Login
Announcement Page
Retrieve Announcement
Info from database table
‘tbladpost’
92
View Announcement List (Title,
PostImage and Description)
End
Fig. 70.0 Teacher View Announcement List
Start
Teacher Login
Announcement Page
‘tbladpost’
93
View Announcement Details (Title,
PostImage and Description)
End
Fig. 71.0 Teacher View Announcement Details
Start
Teacher Login
News Page
‘tbladpost’ 94
View News Feed (Title, PostImage and
Description)
End
Fig. 72.0 Teacher View News Feed
Start
Student Login
Student Comment Message
Retrieved announcement and

news info from database table
‘tbladpost’
False Enter message comment to

the post
95
If message entered is
valid
True
Student commented successfully
Save message comments to

database ‘tblcomment’
End
Fig. 73.0 Teacher News Feed: Comment Messages
Start
Teacher Login
Profile Page

database table ‘tblteachers’
False Update teacher’s profile

details (Firstname, False
Lastname, and Picture)
96
If id == id
Check all from
True
True
Teacher’s profile updated successfully

End
Fig. 74.0 Teacher Update Profile Details
Start
Teacher Login
Settings Change Password
False Retrieve Password

Change password
info from database
info (Password)
table ‘tblteachers’
Does password
exist in the True
Enter New and False
database table
‘tblteachers’? Confirm Password
97
Is Password
correct?
True
Update teacher’s password

to database table
‘tblteachers’
End
Fig. 75.0 Teacher Change Password Details
Start
About Us
Courses Offered
Retrieve Courses
info from
database
‘tblcourse’ 98
View Courses Offered
Details (course name,
course description and
course image)
End
Fig. 76.0 Courses Offered
Start
Announcement
Retieve Data from

database table
‘tbladpost’
99
View Announcement
End
Fig. 77.0 View Announcement
Start
Announcement
False Search False

Announcement
Retieve Data from

database table
‘tbladpost’
If search word
entered is valid 100
True
If id==id from
database table
‘tbladpost’
True
Searching successfully
View Search Announcement
End
Fig. 78.0 Search Announcement
Start
News
Retrieve News info

from database
‘tbladpost’
101
View News
End
Fig. 79.0 Student and Teacher View News
Start
Announcement
False False
Search News
Retrieve Data from

database table
‘tbladpost’
If search word
entered is valid 102
True
If id==id from
database table
‘tbladpost’
True
Searching successfully
View Searched News
End
Fig. 80.0 Search News
Start
Admin Login
False False
Enter admin login info (username
and password)
Retrieve login info from database table

‘tbladmin’
Check all fields if valid

`
True
103
If UserName and Password
is equal to database table
‘tbladmin’
True
Login Successfully
Proceed to Admin Dashboard
End
Fig. 81.0 Admin Login
Start
Admin Login
Retrieve student info

from database table
‘tblstudents’
Retrieve teachers’ info

from database table
‘tblteachers’
Retrieve subjects’ info

from database table
‘tblsubjects’
104
Retrieve announcement
info from database
table ‘tbladpost’
Retrieve news info from

database table ‘tblnews’
Admin Dashboard
View students, teachers, news,

subjects, and announcement
End
Fig. 82.0 Admin View Dashboard
Start
Admin Login
Add Teacher Page
Add teacher info

False
(Firstname, Lastname,
EmailId, Password
and picture)
Check all fields if

valid
105
True
Added teacher successfully
Save added teacher info

to database table
‘tblteachers’
End
Fig. 83.0 Admin Add Teacher
Start
Admin Login
Manage Teacher Page
Retrieve teachers’ info from

View Manage teachers list (Firstname,

lastname, EmailId, Status and
106
UpdationDate)
Fig. 84.0 Admin View Manage Teacher List
Start
Admin Login
Manage Teacher Page

False
Block a teacher
If teacher id==id
from database table 107
‘tblteachers’
True
Teacher blocked successfully
Blocked teachers’ info from

End
Fig. 85.0 Admin Manage Teacher: Blocked Teacher
Start
Admin Login
Manage Teacher Page

False
Activate a teacher
108
If teacher id==id
from database table
‘tblteachers’
True
Teacher activated successfully
Activate teachers’ info from

End
Fig. 86.0 Admin Manage Teacher: Activate Teacher
Start
Admin Login
Add Student Page
Retrieve student info from

False Add student info (FirstName,

lastname, EmailId, Contact,
Password and Picture)
109
Check all data if valid
True
Student added successfully
Save added student info to

End
Fig. 87.0 Admin Add Student
Start
Admin Login
Manage Student Page
Retrieve students’
info from database
110
View Manage students list
(name, email, contact, status
and action)
End
Fig. 88.0 Admin View Manage Student List
End
Admin Login
Manage Student Page
Retrieve student info from

False
Blocked a student
If student id==id 111

from database table
‘tblstudents’
True
Student blocked successfully
Blocked student info from

End
Fig. 89.0 Admin Manage Student: Blocked Student
End
Admin Login
Manage Student Page
Retrieve student info

from database table
‘tblstudents’
False
Activate a student
112
If student id==id
from database
table
True
Student activated successfully
Activate student info

from database table
‘tblstudents’
End
Fig. 90.0 Admin Manage Student: Activate Student
Start
Admin Login
Post
Add News Page
False Add news feed info (Title,

Description and
postImage)
If news data is valid 113

True
News added successfully
Save added news feed info

to database table ‘tbladpost’
End
Fig. 91.0 Admin Add News Details
Start
Admin Login
Post
Manage News Page
Retrieve news feed info

from database table
‘tbladpost’
114
View News Feed List (Title,
DateCreated, and UpdationDate)
End
Fig. 92.0 Admin View News Feed List
Start
Admin Login
Manage News Page
Retrieved news info from

database table ‘tbladpost’
False Update news feed info

False
(PostImage, Title, and
Description)
Check all data if valid 115

True
If ID==ID from
database table
‘tbladpost’
True
News feed updated successfully
Update news feed info to

End
Fig. 93.0 Admin Update News Feed Details
Start
Admin Login
Manage News Page

False Delete news feed list

(Title, DateCreated and
UpdationDate)
116
If ID==ID from
database table
‘tblstudents’
True
News Feed Deleted successfully
Delete news feed info from

End
Fig. 94.0 Admin Delete News Feed List
Start
Admin Login
Manage News Page

False
Restore deleted news
feed list (title, creation
date and updation date)
117
If ID==ID from
database table
‘tblstudents’
True
Restored deleted news feed successfully
Restore deleted news feed

info to database table
‘tbladpost’
End
Fig. 95.0 Admin Restore Deleted News Feed List
Start
Admin Login
Manage News Page

False Delete permanently

deleted news feed list
(Title, DateCreated, and
UpdationDate)
118
If ID==ID from
database table
‘tbladpost’
True
Deleted news feed permanently
Delete permanently deleted

news feed info from
End
Fig. 96.0 Admin Deleted Permanently Deleted News Feed List
Start
Admin Login
Add Course Page
Retrieve teacher info from database

table ‘tblcourse’
False Add course info (course name,

course description and course
image)
119
Check all fields if valid
True
Course added successfully
Save added course info to database

End
Fig. 97.0 Admin Add Course
Start
Admin Login
Post
Manage Course Page
Retrieve course info

from database table 120
‘tblcourse’
View Manage course list (course
name, description and action)
End
Fig. 98.0 Admin View Manage Course List
Start
Admin Login
Manage Course Page
Retrieve course info from

database table ‘tblcourse’
False Update course details

(course_name,
course_description and
course_image)
121
Check all fields if
valid
True
Course updated successfully
Update course details from

End
Fig. 99.0 Admin Update Course Details
Start
Admin Login
Manage Course Page

False Delete course details (course

name, course description
and course image)
122
If id==id from database
True
Course deleted successfully
Delete course details from

End
Fig. 100.0 Admin Delete Course
Start
Admin Login
Post
Manage Course Page

Restore deleted course

False
details (course_name,
course_description and
course_image)
123
If id==id from
database table
‘tbladpost’
True
Deleted course restored successfully
Restore course details from

End
Fig. 101.0 Admin Manage Course: Restore Deleted Course
Start
Admin Login
Post
Manage Course Page
Retrieve course info from database

False Deleted permanently course details

(course_name, course_description
and course_image)
124
If id==id from database table
‘tbladpost’
True
Course details deleted permanently
Delete permanently Deleted course

details from database table ‘tblcourse’
End
Fig. 102.0 Admin Delete Permanently Deleted Course
Start
Admin Login
Post
Announcement Post Page
Enter Post feed info (post

False
title, post details and
postImage)
125
Check all fields if
valid
True
Post feed info added successfully
Save post feed info to

End
Fig. 103.0 Admin Add Announcement Post Page
Start
Admin Login
Post
Retrieve
announcement post
feed info from
database table
126
‘tbladpost’
View Announcement Post Page
List (post title, post details and
post image)
End
Fig. 104.0 Admin View Announcement Post Page List
Start
Admin Login
Post
Retrieved announcement Post

Details from database table
‘tbladpost’
Update Announcement Post

False False
Details (post title, post details
and post image)
127
If Announcement Post
data is valid
True
If id==id from database

table ‘tbladpost’
True
Announcement post details updated successfully
Update announcement Post feed

info to database table ‘tbladpost’
End
Fig. 105.0 Admin Update Announcement Post Details
Start
Admin Login
Post
Retrieved announcement
details from database table
‘tbladpost’
False Enter message comment

on Announcement Post
128
False If comment
entered is valid
True
Commented on
If id==id from True
announcement
database table
successfully
‘tbladpost’
Save comment on announcement Post

feed info to database table ‘tblcomment’
End
Fig. 106.0 Admin makes comment on Announcement Post
Start
Admin Login
Academics
Manage Subject Page
Retrieve subjects’ info from

database table ‘tblsubjects’
129
View Manage Subjects List (subject code,
subject name, creation date, last updation
date and action)
End
Fig. 107.0 Admin View Manage Subjects List
End
Admin Login
Academics
Manage Subject Page
Retrieve subject info from

Delete subject info (code,

False class_name, section,
subject, CreationDate,
UpdationDate)
130
If subject id == id from
database table
‘tblsubjects’
True
Subject deleted successfully
Delete subject info from

End
Fig. 108.0 Admin Delete Subject
End
Admin Login
Academics
Manage Subject Page
Retrieve subject info from

False Restore subject info (Code,

class_name, CreationDate,
UpdationDate)
131
If subject id deleted==
id from database table
‘tblsubjects’
True
Subject restored successfully
Restore deleted subject info

from database table ‘tblsubjects’
End
Fig. 109.0 Admin Restore Deleted Subject
End
Admin Login
Academics
Manage Subject Page
Retrieve subject info from database

table ‘tblsubjects’
Delete permanently deleted

subject info (Code, class_name,
CreationDate and
132
UpdationDate)
False
If subject id == id True Subject

from database deleted
table ‘tblsubjects’ permanently
Delete permanently deleted subject

info from database table
‘tblsubjects’
End
Fig. 110.0 Admin Delete Subject Permanently
Start
Admin Login
Profile Page

database table ‘tbladmin’
False Update admin profile details False

(AdminName and profilepic)
133
If ID == ID
Check all from
fields if database
True
True
Admin’s profile updated successfully

End
Fig. 111.0 Admin Update Profile Details
Start
Admin Login
Change Password Page

False Admin change password False

details (Password)
134
If ID == ID
If
from
password
True
True
Admin changed password successfully
Update password details from

End
Fig. 112.0 Admin Change Password Details
Testing and Data Gathering
Testing
The study employed two questionnaires, one for testing the system's
usability and the other for testing the website, both of which were created by the
researcher. The researcher used the Lewis, J. R. questionnaire for system
usability, which is the IBM Computer Usability Satisfaction Questionnaires:
Psychometric Evaluation and Instructions for Use. The questionnaire can be found
in Appendix A. There are 19 items or indicators in this questionnaire. Respondents
were asked to rate each item on a scale of 1 to 7 to indicate their level of
agreement or disagreement with the system's usefulness.
135
Moreover, the researcher used the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's
Web Usability Survey to assess the website's usability in the areas of navigation,
functionality, user control, language and content, online help and user guides,
system and user feedback, consistency, error prevention and correction, and
architectural and visual clarity. The questionnaire can be found in Appendix B.
There are 43 items in this questionnaire: five (5) for navigation, three (3) for
functionality, five (5) for user control, seven (7) for language and content, six (6) for
online help and user guides, three (3) for consistency, seven (7) for error
prevention and correction, and seven (7) for architectural and visual clarity.
Respondents were asked to rate each item on a scale of 1 to 5 to indicate their
level of agreement or disagreement with the website’s usefulness.
. Questionnaires for system usability were responded to by the employees of
the University of Bohol Loon Institute located at Loon, Bohol while questionnaires
for web usability were responded to by the students and teachers in the same
school.
Data Gathering
The researcher aims to determine the usability of the system and website
he created. He requested permission from the school management of the
University of Bohol Loon Institute to introduce and show the system to the
employees, as well as distribute the questionnaire. The researcher gathered all of
the staff after receiving approval. He presented the features of his system,
including the login feature, viewing and adding as well as managing an
announcement, viewing and adding and managing news, and joining and creating
136
a subject intended for students and teachers. They can now be able to add their
personal information. Apart from that, adding and managing students and subjects
in the system were made possible and easier. The system also allows users to
comment on a post and add an interesting subject. The researcher gave the
employees plenty of time to explore the system on their own. He then used
questionnaires to get their feedback on the system's usefulness. Purposive non-
probability sampling was used in selecting the two (4) respondents.
For the web usability test, the researcher showed the website to the
University of Bohol Loon Institute where the students and teachers have been
given adequate time to browse the website before being requested to complete a
web usability questionnaire. Thirty (26) people were chosen via convenience non-
probability sampling. Thus, overall, the survey was conducted consisting of the
selected (30) respondents from the said school.
CHAPTER III
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
This chapter presents the data gathered, tabulated, and interpreted as the
results of the System and Web Usability of "Campus Bulletin" at the University of
Bohol Loon Institute at Loon, Bohol.
SYSTEM USABILITY
Usability testing seeks to deliberate the established order of easily
disseminating information through the use of technology. This allows school
administration as well as students to easily inquire and become knowledgeable
about important school discussions and matters. The testing of the system's
137
usability determines the usefulness and effectiveness of the researcher's "Campus
Bulletin" system. It is done to understand and realize the system's strengths and
weaknesses for the enhancement of the system. The developer can provide any
solutions to any difficulties existing through the school management, students, and
teachers' feedback intended in the factuality of the information.
Table 2.0 Interpretative Guide for System Usability
Scale Range Description Interpretation

Strongly The respondent strongly believed in the
7 6.16 – 7.0
Agree usability of the system.
The respondent believed in the usability of
6 5.30 – 6.15 Agree
the system.
Tend to The respondent tends to believe in the
5 4.44 – 5.29
Agree usability of the system.
Neither
The respondent is neutral in trusting that
4 3.58 – 4.43 Agree nor
the system is usable.
Disagree
Tend to The respondent tends not to trust that the
3 2.72 – 3.57
Disagree system is usable.
The respondent believes that the system is
2 1.86 – 2.71 Disagree
not usable.
Strongly The respondent strongly believed that the
1 1.00 – 1.85
Disagree system is not usable.
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The respondents for system usability specifically the school
management/Administrator were asked to score the different indications of system
usability on a scale of 1 to 7, indicating their level of agreement or disagreement.
Table 2.0 presents the interpretive guidance for interpreting the statistical results of
the system usability study.
Table 3.0 shows the respondents' perception of the system usability of
"Campus Bulletin". It reveals that all indicators got “Strongly Agree” descriptive
ratings except indicator 9 (The system gives error messages that tell me how to fix
problems) which got a weighted mean of 6.00 described as “Agree”.
Table 3.0 System Usability Result

N=4
Weighted
Indicators Interpretation
Mean
1. Overall, I am satisfied with how easy it is to use 6.75 Strongly Agree
this system.
2. It was simple to use this system. 6.50 Strongly Agree
3. I can effectively complete my work using this 7.00 Strongly Agree
system.
4. I am able to complete my work quickly using 6.50 Strongly Agree
this system.
5. I am able to efficiently complete my work using 6.75 Strongly Agree
this system.
6. I feel comfortable using this system. 6.75 Strongly Agree
7. It was easy to learn to use this system. 7.00 Strongly Agree
8. I believe I became productive quickly using this 6.50 Strongly Agree

system.
9. The system gives error messages that clearly 6.00 Agree
tell me how to fix problems.
10. Whenever I make a mistake using the system, 6.25 Strongly Agree
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I recover easily and quickly.
11. The information (such as online help, on- 6.50 Strongly Agree
screen messages, and other documentation)
provided with this system is clear.
12. It is easy to find the information I need. 6.25 Strongly Agree
13. The information provided for the system is 7.00 Strongly Agree
easy to understand.
14. The information is effective in helping me 6.75 Strongly Agree
complete the tasks and scenarios.
15. The organization of information on the system 6.50 Strongly Agree
screens is clear.
16. The interface of this system is pleasant. 6.50 Strongly Agree
17. I like using the interface of this system. 7.00 Strongly Agree
18. This system has all the functions and 6.50 Strongly Agree
capabilities I expect it to have.
19. Overall, I am satisfied with this system. 6.75 Strongly Agree
Composite Mean 6.62 Strongly Agree
Legend: 6:16 - 7:00 Strongly Agree 2.72 - 3.57 Tend to Disagree
5:30 – 6.15 Agree 1.86 – 2.71 Disagree
4.44 – 5.29 Tend to Agree 1.00 – 1.85 Strongly Agree
3.58 – 4.43 Neither Agree nor Disagree
The result implies that the system is very easy and simple to use.
Respondents feel comfortable while using the system. The system's features,
interface, functions, and capabilities meet the expectations of the users. Also, the
system's information is clear and organized. However, when it comes to giving
error messages and providing information on how to fix problems, the respondents
believe that improvement on these functions can still be done to make the system
more effective.
Overall, the composite mean is 6.62 which denotes “Strongly Agree”. This
implies that the respondents are generally satisfied with how the system works. It
reveals that the system is efficient and effective to be used in their school.
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WEB USABILITY
Testing the web usability of a system is important to know whether it will
contribute a positive impact on system users. It also aims to test all aspect of the
systems presented if it is suited to the user's expectation. Moreover, it determines
the specific parts needing improvement, and more friendly enough to all
unexpected system users.
Table 4.0 Interpretative Guide of the Web Usability
Scale Range Description Interpretation

The respondents strongly believe and
confident that the website is excellent in
5 4.3 – 5.0 Excellent all aspects in design, development and
implementation.
The respondents believe and are

confident that the system is very usable.
They are also confident that if ever the
website may have minor inconsistencies
4 3.5 – 4.2 Very Good
and aesthetic issues; these are
manageable and will not affect the
performance of the proposed system.
3 2.7 – 3.4 Good The respondents believe and are

confident that the system is usable. They
are also confident that if ever the website
may have problems; these are non-critical
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and will not cause major confusion or
irritation.
The respondents are neutral in trusting

that the website is usable. They also
believe that a serious problem occurring
2 1.9 – 2.6 Fair in the website that needs high priority to
fix can cause a user to make a significant
error.
The respondents believe that the website

is not usable. They also believe that the
1 1.0 – 1.8 Poor
website has a severe problem.
Table 5.0 presents the students perception as respondents on Navigation,
Functionality, User Control, Language and Content, Online Help and User Guide,
Consistency, Error Prevention and Correction, and Architectural and Visual Clarity
on the Web Usability Assessments. In terms of Navigation.
Table 5.0 Web Usability Results (Teachers & Students)

N=26
Indicators Weighted Mean Description

I. Navigation
1.1 Current location within the site is shown clearly. 4.74 Excellent
1.2 Link to the site’s main page is clearly identified. 4.79 Excellent
1.3 Major/important parts of the site are directly 5.0 Excellent
accessible from the main page.
1.4 Easy to use Search function is provided, as 4.59 Excellent
needed.
1.5 Site accommodates novice to expert users. 4.81 Excellent
Composite Mean 4.78 Excellent
II. Functionality
2.1 Functions are clearly labeled. 4.77 Excellent
2.2 Essential functions are available without leaving 4.89 Excellent
the site.
2.3 Plug-ins are used only if they add value. 4.37 Excellent
III. User Control
3.1 Site reflects the user's workflow. 4.78 Excellent
3.2 Users can cancel any operation. 4.74 Excellent
3.3 Clear exit point is provided on every page. 4.85 Excellent
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3.4 Per page loads moderately to accommodate
4.62 Excellent
slow connections.
3.5 Currently used browsers are supported. 4.89 Excellent
IV. Language and Content
4.1 Important information and tasks are given
4.58 Excellent
prominence.
4.2 Information of low relevance or rarely used 4.79 Excellent
information is not included.
4.3 Related information or tasks are grouped: on the 4.74 Excellent
same page or menu or in the same area within a
page.
4.4 Language is simple, without jargon. 4.85 Excellent
4.5 Paragraphs are brief. 4.62 Excellent
4.6 Links are concise, expressive, and visible—not
4.85 Excellent
buried in text.
4.7 Terms are defined. 4.31 Excellent
V. Online Help and User Guides
5.1 It is always clear what is happening on the site -
4.65 Excellent
- visual hints, etc.
5.2 Users can receive email feedback if necessary. 5.0 Excellent
5.3 Confirmation screen is provided for form
4.96 Excellent
submittal.
5.4 All system feedback is timely. 4.27 Excellent
5.5 Users are informed if a plug-in or browser
3.31 Good
version is required.
5.6 Each page includes a “last updated” date. 4.10 Very Good
Indicators Weighted Mean Description
VI. Consistency
6.1 The same word or phrase is used consistently to
5.0 Excellent
describe an item.
6.2 Link reflects the title of the page to which it
4.89 Excellent
refers.
6.3 Browser page title is meaningful and reflects
4.44 Excellent
main page heading.
VII. Error Prevention and Correction
7.1 Users can rely on recognition, not memory, for
4.04 Very Good
successful use of the site.
7.2 Site tolerates a reasonable variety of user
4.78 Excellent
actions.
7.3 Site provides concise instructions for user
4.70 Excellent
actions, including entry format.
7.4 Error messages are visible, not hidden. 4.89 Excellent
7.5 Error messages are in plain language. 4.93 Excellent
7.6 Error messages describe actions to remedy a
4.41 Excellent
problem.
7.7 Error messages provide a clear exit point. 5.0 Excellent
VIII. Architectural and Visual Clarity
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8.1 Site is organized from the user’s perspective. 4.93 Excellent
8.2 Site is easily scannable for organization and
4.61 Excellent
meaning.
8.3 Site design and layout are redundant only when
4.50 Excellent
required for user productivity.
8.4 White space is sufficient; pages are not too
4.93 Excellent
dense.
8.5 Unnecessary animation is avoided. 4.63 Excellent
8.6 Colors used for visited and unvisited links are
4.47 Excellent
easily seen and understood.
8.7 Bold and italic texts are used sparingly. 4.31 Excellent
Composite Mean: 4.62 Excellent
Aggregate Mean: 4.67 Excellent
Legend: 4.21 – 5.00 Excellent 1.81 – 2.60 Fair
3.41 – 4.20 Very Good 1.00 – 1.80 Poor
2.61 – 3.40 Good
indicators got “Excellent” descriptive ratings. This means that site location is clearly
shown and search function is very easy to use. It also reveals that the site
accommodates very well the novice to expert users. Similarly in terms of
Functionality, all indicators got “Excellent” descriptive ratings. This means that the
website’s functionality meets the expectations of the respondents. It implies that
the system is highly functional, as functions are clearly labelled and plug-ins are
being used when adding value.
In User Control, all indicators got “Excellent” descriptive ratings. It reveals
that the site clearly has an exit point available on every page. Also, the system’s
site is clearly reflecting on the user’s workflow. If any cancellation is done it is
always available with a current supported browser. Thus, the site’s user control is
functionally stable and operations are running smoothly. Similarly in terms of
Language and Content, all indicators got “Excellent” descriptive ratings. This
implies that the site’s language is simple and clear. Links are concise, expressive
and recognizable. Unnecessary information was removed and only chosen right
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words are allowed to prevent any confusions. The language and content on a
system are sufficiently understandable.
On the other hand, in terms of the Online Help and User Guide, all
indicators got “Excellent” descriptive ratings except indicators 5.5 (Users are
informed if a plug-in or browser version is required) and 5.6 (Each page includes a
“last updated” date) which got weighted means of 3.31 and 4.10, respectively both
denoted as “Very Good”. This means that the users consistently received email
feedback if needed. The system is well provided by the confirmation screen for any
activity needed for submittal. By displaying any visual tricks and tips, users may
quickly understand what is happening on the system. However, to maintain the
system order all feedback is must well organized. It recommended that the "last
updated date" and any plug-in or browser version information be provided to the
students. Although a few tasks could take a while, every page is simple enough for
users to grasp.
In terms of Consistency, all indicators got “Excellent” descriptive ratings.
This means that the respondents found the site consistent as properly does
repeated actions like using the same word or phrase to express the same thing.
The title of the page to which a link refers are easily seen. Then, the title of the
browser page is relevant and mirrors the header of the main page.
As for Error Prevention and Correction, all indicators got “Excellent”
descriptive ratings except indicator 7.1 (Users can rely on recognition, not memory,
for successful use of the site) which got a weighted mean of 4.04 described as
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“Very Good”. This implies that the site provides a functional and dependable error
messages with a clear exit point. Students perceives that the site tolerates a
reasonable variety of user actions. While, in terms of the site's success, it is
dependent on recognition rather than memory. Error messages that describe
actions to remedy a problem is needed to be improved to function properly.
Moreover, in Architectural and Visual Clarity, all indicators got “Excellent”
descriptive ratings. The respondents gave an “Excellent” standpoint on the site
organization from the user’s perspective. A similar approach should be taken in
other areas so that the site's structure and contents can be quickly scanned. The
design is user-friendly and sufficiently attractive.
Table 6.0 Summary of Web Usability Evaluation

N = 26
Components of Web Usability Composite Mean Description

I. Navigation 4.78 Excellent
II. Functionality 4.67 Excellent
III. User Control 4.77 Excellent
IV. Language and Content 4.77 Excellent
V. Online Help and User Guides 4.37 Excellent
VI. Consistency 4.78 Excellent
VII. Error Prevention and Correction 4.77 Excellent
VIII. Architectural and Visual Clarity 4.62 Excellent
Aggregate Mean: 4.67 Excellent
` Legend: 4.21 – 5.00 Excellent 1.81 – 2.60 Fair
3.41 – 4.20 Very Good 1.00 – 1.80 Poor
2.61 – 3.40 Good
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The table 6.0 reveals that "Navigation" and "Consistency” are both obtained
the highest composite mean of 4.78, followed by "User Control", “Language and
Content” and “Error Prevention and Correction” with same components of 4.77,
respectively. Meanwhile, "Functionality” is in third spot with the components of
4.67. Followed by “Architectural and visual clarity”, which has a component of 4.62.
Then, the lowest composite means of 4.37 was reached by "Online Help and User
Guides" in the end. The entire category obtains an unquestionably excellent
assessment from the respondents.
Generally, the aggregate mean for web usability assessment is 4.66, which
indicates that the respondents who participated in this study concluded with an
"Excellent" rating. It is highly presenting the respondents' strong standpoint that the
system has a high level of usability in all types of categories in web usability
assessment such as "Navigation," “User Control”, "Consistency”, “Functionality,"
"Error Prevention and Correction", "Language and Content," "Architectural and
Visual Clarity" and “Online Help and User Guides”. It illustrates that the
organization and design, development, and implementation of the system are all
praiseworthy. It implies that the proposed system fulfills the respondent’s
expectation because we live now in an era where even the simplest things, like
announcements, are done through phones. Like everyone on the planet, the
University of Bohol-Loon Institute is in the pursuit of finding ways to disseminate
accurate information in a much lighter way.
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CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
FINDINGS
The study was conducted at the University of Bohol Loon Institute School at
Moto Norte Loon, Bohol. Based on the result of the survey, the respondents were
satisfied with the development of an online bulletin board known as the "Campus
Bulletin". The system is user-friendly which enabled the school management to
easily manipulate and disseminate important information or an announcement in
school. It improved the line of communication between the students and their
respective teachers. They were able to address their concerns directly through the
148
school management system. For this reason, it improved the school's quality of
service both for the students and teachers. This system is not only purposely done
for the dissemination of accurate information but also for reaching every student to
voice out their concerns and requests to the school and their teachers. Moreover, it
is hassle-free and more convenient both for students, teachers, and even school
management/admin. Where teachers wouldn't worry anymore about making a
student list on their own. Because of excessive student enrollees and subjects
handled by a single teacher. Students should not worry about finding their rooms
or classmates as a result. By participating in the "Campus Bulletin" system and
waiting for their teachers to confirm and provide them with instructions. It lessens
their burdens of locating and wandering where they must go.
System Usability
Based on the result of the system usability survey which is shown in Table
2.0 indicates in attaining the majority of the respondents had a "Strongly Agree"
interpretation. Revealing that the system usability is strongly high. It satisfies the
respondents' expectations concerning how simple the system works. Insisting that
this system sufficiently works effectively. The system functions properly and is
well-organized and understandable. The system's capabilities are suited to the
school's needs such that it aids and improves the school management in regards
to accurate and fast communication in assessing students and teachers daily.
Usually, the traditional school makes a hand-made school bulletin in the hallway to
149
post an announcement. Even the students' list, the teacher's office work, and
students' assignments and activities are manually done the day before. For this
reason, the "Campus Bulletin" came to the fore to ease the burdens of misleading
misinformation and confusion. The system demonstrates the high capability of
assessing the school's needs and demands such that it is adaptable, dependable,
effective, informative, up-to-date, and had convenient good function features for all
users.
Web Usability
The overall function of the systems’ web usability is given an “Excellent”
description by the respondents as shown in its aggregate weighted mean of 4.66 in
Table 6.0. This demonstrates that the majority of respondents expect the system's
processes and features to match their web usability expectations. Because school
administrators may able to manage properly the campus information circling the
campus. They can be able to manage the course and subject properly offered by
the school even the students' and teachers' status at school. The system itself
helps teachers and students to reduce the burden of misleading information
making it more convenient, hassle-free, and time-consuming. Web users can also
submit inquiries or do hit the button for the comment section for clarifications and
inquiries.
In general, the web usability of the proposed system is excellent in terms of
design and structure, development, and implementation, leaving respondents very
satisfied with its capabilities, functions, accessibility, simplicity, and ease of use in
terms of “User Control”, “Navigation”, “Functionality, “Language and Content”,
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“Architectural and Visual Clarity”, “Consistency”, “Error Prevention and Correction”,
and “Online Help and User Guide”.
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings, “Campus Bulletin” is an online platform bulletin board
that effectively simplified the activities at school. The system fully assisted the
school management, teachers, and students at the University of Bohol Loon
Institute School at Moto Norte, Loon, Bohol. Proving that it provides system
accessibility, reliability, and dependability inside the campus. It saves the students’
time spent in waiting in line at offices for inquiries. It is most especially suited to a
new student. Hence, teachers may require to ask for a username and password
from the school administrator to enable them to access the system. Upon
accessing the system, the teacher may request students to join the created class.
It is the platform for school activities such as assignments, news, and events that
will happen in the coming days.
Furthermore, after a thorough design and development, the proposed
“Campus Bulletin” System in University of Bohol Loon Institute School Loon, was
excellent as well as successfully developed. The system's operations and features
meet the majority of respondents' expectations for system usability. The functions
and goal of the system are well-implemented and simple, and it assists the
establishment in raising work productivity and improving procedures. It
demonstrates that the system is smooth and simple to use, as well as effective,
quick, and efficient. It also demonstrates that the system is instructive, intelligible,
151
and clear. It offers capabilities and features that the intended users find very
appealing. The technology enables the school management to keep track of and
organize teacher’s and students’ entry at school. It directs the school admin on
what kind of feedback they will receive from teachers and students improving the
way they handle online queries, events, announcements, school activities and
project. It is outstanding in terms of design and structure, development, and
implementation, with responses praising its capabilities, features, accessibility,
simplicity, and ease of use. Aside from that, the system provides a high level of
flexibility and efficiency in operations such as teacher and student registration,
creating class, joining class, managing subjects, course, notification, history
information etc.
RECOMMENDATION
Based on the favorable findings of the study, the researcher strongly
suggested that the University of Bohol Loon Institute School in Moto Norte, Loon,
Bohol, implement the Campus Bulletin, an online bulletin board. This would be
advantageous for the teachers, students, and administration of the school in the
following ways:
1. The “Campus Bulletin” enables schools and teachers to solve issues
related to a learning environment and the quickening pace of
educational change. Such that it will ease the workload of office paper
works by generating class records
152
2. The study proposes that in order for the target users to utilize the
system effectively, they need to be trained so they are familiar with its
features and understand how it works.
3. The management of the school must put the rules and regulations into
use when using this system to prevent users from engaging in pointless
activities unrelated to their studies and education.
4. Additionally, the University of Bohol Loon Institute School in Moto
Norte, Loon, Bohol should use the "Campus Bulletin" system to make
management of the school easier and simultaneously offer a better and
more effective service to the professors, students, staff, and parents.
5. In order to maintain records and enable speedy data retrieval, all files
must be kept in a database, such as cloud storage. In event of an
emergency, it is meant to protect the school's crucial data, in particular
that of the faculty, staff, and other individuals connected to the
institution.
153
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Questionnaire for System Usability of CAMPUS BULLETIN
This research questionnaire contains two parts. The first part focuses on your
demographic profile and the second part asks your opinion and assessment on the
usability of the system that the researcher has developed.
I. Demographic Profile
Name (Optional): ___________________________Sex: ______ Age: _________
Name of School: (optional) _____________________________________
Address: __________________________________________________________
Years of Service: ______________________________________
154
Work Position: ________________________________________________
II. System Usability
Interpretative Guide of the System Usability

Weigh
Description Acronym Interpretation
t
The respondents strongly believe and
Strongly
7 SA confident that the system is very
Agree
usable.
The respondents believe and confident
6 Agree A
that the system is usable.
Tend to The respondents tend to believe that
5 TA
Agree the system is usable.
Neither
The respondents are neutral in trusting
4 Agree nor N
that the system is usable.
Disagree
Tend to The respondents tend not to trust that
3 TD
Disagree the system is usable.
The respondents believe that the
2 Disagree D
system is not usable.
Strongly The respondents strongly confident
1 SD
Disagree that the system is not usable.
System Usability Questionnaire
Instruction: Put a check mark (√) on the column that corresponds to your answer or
response.
SA A TA N TD D SD
Criteria for System Usability
(7) (6) (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1. Overall, I am satisfied with how easy
it is to use this system.
2. It was simple to use this system.
3. I can effectively complete my work
using this system.
4. I am able to complete my work
quickly using this system.
5. I am able to efficiently complete my
work using this system.
6. I feel comfortable using this system.
7. It was easy to learn to use this
155
system.
8. I believe I became productive quickly
using this system.
9. The system gives error messages
that clearly tell me how to fix problems.
10. Whenever I make a mistake using
the system, I recover easily and
quickly.
11. The information (such as online
help, on-screen messages, and other
documentation) provided with this
system is clear.
12. It is easy to find the information I
needed.
13. The information provided for the
system is easy to understand.
14. The information is effective in
helping me complete the tasks and
scenarios.
15. The organization of information on
the system screens is clear.
16. The interface of this system is
pleasant.
17. I like using the interface of this
system.
18. This system has all the functions
and capabilities I expect it to have.
19. Overall, I am satisfied with this
system.
APPENDIX B
Questionnaire for Web Usability of CAMPUS BULLETIN
This research questionnaire contains two parts. The first part focuses on your
demographic profile and the second part asks your opinion and assessment on the
usability of the web that the researcher has developed.
I. Demographic Profile
Name (Optional): __________________________ Age: _____ Sex: ___________
Name of School: (optional) _____________________________________
Address: __________________________________________________________
156
Years of Service: ______________________________________
Work Position: ________________________________________________
II. Web Usability
Interpretative Guide of the Web Usability
Weigh Description Acronym Interpretation

t
The respondents strongly believe and confident that
5 Excellent E the website is excellent in all aspects in design,
development and implementation.
The respondents believe and confident that the system
is very usable. They are also confident that if ever the
Very
4 VG website may have minor inconsistencies and aesthetic
Good
issues, these are manageable and will not affect the
performance of the proposed system.
The respondents believe and confident that the system
is usable. They are also confident that if ever the
3 Good G
website may have problems, these are non-critical and
will not cause major confusion or irritation.
The respondents are neutral in trusting that the website
is usable. They also believe that a serious problem
2 Fair F
occurred in the website that needs high priority to fix
than can cause a user to make a significant error.
The respondents believe that the website is not usable.
1 Poor P
They believe also that the website has severe problem.
Web Usability Questionnaire
Instruction: Put a check mark (√) on the column that corresponds to your answer or response.
E VG G F P
WEB USABILITY CRITERIA
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
I. Navigation
1.1 Current location within the site is shown
clearly.
1.2 Link to the site’s main page is clearly
identified.
1.3 Major/important parts of the site are directly
accessible from the main page.
157
1.4 Easy to use Search function is provided, as
needed.
1.5 Site accommodates novice to expert users.
II. Functionality
2.1 Functions are clearly labeled.
2.2 Essential functions are available without
leaving the site.
2.3 Plug-ins are used only if they add value
III. User Control
3.1 Site reflects user’s workflow.
3.2 User can cancel any operation.
3.3 Clear exit point is provided on every page.
3.4 Per page loads moderately to
accommodate slow connections.
3.5 Currently used browser is supported.
IV. Language and Content
4.1 Important information and tasks are given
prominence.
4.2 Information of low relevance or rarely used
information is not included.
4.3 Related information or tasks are grouped:
on the same page or menu or in the same area
within a page.
4.4 Language is simple, without jargon.
4.5 Paragraphs are brief.
4.6 Links are concise, expressive, and visible
—not buried in text.
4.7 Terms are defined.
V. Online Help and User Guides
5.1 It is always clear what is happening on the
site - - visual hints, etc.
5.2 Users can receive email feedback if
necessary.
5.3 Confirmation screen is provided for form
submittal.
5.4 All system feedback is timely.
5.5 Users are informed if a plug-in or browser
version is required.
5.6 Each page includes a “last updated” date.
VI. Consistency
6.1 The same word or phrase is used
consistently to describe an item.
158
6.2 Link reflects the title of the page to which it
refers.
6.3 Browser page title is meaningful and
reflects main page heading.
VII. Error Prevention and Correction
7.1 Users can rely on recognition, not memory,
for successful use of the site.
7.2 Site tolerates a reasonable variety of user
actions.
7.3 Site provides concise instructions for user
actions, including entry format.
7.4 Error messages are visible, not hidden.
7.5 Error messages are in plain language.
7.6 Error messages describe actions to remedy
a problem.
7.7 Error messages provide a clear exit point.
VIII. Architectural and Visual Clarity
8.1 Site is organized from the user’s
perspective.
8.2 Site is easily scannable for organization
and meaning.
8.3 Site design and layout are redundant only
when required for user productivity.
8.4 White space is sufficient; pages are not too
dense.
8.5 Unnecessary animation is avoided.
8.6 Colors used for visited and unvisited links
are easily seen and understood.
8.7 Bold and italic text is used sparingly.
APPENDIX C
March 20, 2022

Dear respondent,
Good day!
I am Alexander M. Calimlim, a 4th year college student in Bohol Island

State University Calape Campus taking up Bachelor of Science in Computer
Science. I am humbly asking for your cooperation to answer the questionnaires for
159
research entitled “Campus Bulletin”. It is a web application through aimed to help
a school organized the announcements for the entire school year. It displays all the
activities, announcements, and updates of different departments that will be easier
for the people on the campus to access information. Students can communicate
and asks their concerns directly to their instructors. The same process with
instructors they can be able to post their announcements using this platform
exclusively for the school only.
The survey questions will only take 5-10 minutes. Rest assured that the
gathered data will be treated with utmost confidentially and it is used for academic
purposes only.
Thank you in anticipation for your cooperation. God bless and keep safe!
Respectfully yours,
- The Researcher
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. M.S. Balaji Diganta Chakrabarti, (2010). Student interactions in online

discussion forum: empirical research from ‘Media Richness Theory’
perspective, IBS Hyderabad, IFHE Universtiy, Hyderbad, India, Journal of
Interactive Online Learning, Vol. 9, Number. URL:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263162138_Student_interactions_i
n_online_discussion_forum_empirical_research_from_'Media_Richness_Th
eory'_perspective#read
2. Heiberger, G. & Harper, R.
URL:https://cyber.harvard.edu/sites/cyber.law.harvard.edu/files/Chapter
%202%20-%20Facebook%20and%20Student%20Engagement.pdf
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3. Rafaeli, S. (2021). The Electronic Bulletin Board: A Computer-Driven Mass
Medium
4. Genlott1, A.A., Grönlund1 A., & Viberg2, O. (2019). Disseminating digital

innovation in school – leading second-order educational change, Education
and Information Technologies 24:3021–3039.
URL:https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-019-09908- 0.pdf
5. Rényi, T.N. Mathematical Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences,

Budapest, Hungary Vol. II - Information Theory and Communication URL:
https://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c02/E6-02-03-06.pdf
6. Shonhe, L., & Jain, P. (2017). Information Dissemination in The 21st

Century: The Use Of Mobile Technologies. In N. Mnjama, & P. Jain (Ed.),
Information and Knowledge for Competitiveness (pp. 425- 447). Gaborone:
Department of Library and Information Studies-University of Botswana.
URL:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328292638_Information_Diss
emination_in_The_21st_Century_The_Use_Of_Mobile_Technologies
7. Suwito, M.H., Ueshige, Y., & Kouichi Sakurai, K., Evolution of Bulletin Board
& its application to E-Voting – A survey.
URL: https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/047.pdf
8. (2014). Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. The Official

Gazette is the official journal of the Republic of the Philippines. Edited at the
Office of the President of the Philippines Under Commonwealth Act No.
638, Republic Act No. 10650. URL:
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2014/12/09/republic-act-no-10650/
9. (2020). URL: https://www.educba.com/types-of-algorithms/
161
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
Name : Alexander M. Calimlim
Date of Birth : February 2, 1998
Place of Birth : San Carlos City, Pangasinan
Age : 24
Sex : Male
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
162
Height : 5’4
Weight : 60 kg
Languages Spoken : English, Cebuano, Tagalog
FAMILY BACKGROUND
Father’s Name : Ricky V. Calimlim
Occupation : Vegetable Vendor
Mother’s Name : Alrem Q. Maturan
Occupation : Housewife
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Elementary : Turac Elementary School
Brgy. Turac San Carlos City, Pangasinan
2007-2008
Secondary : University of Bohol Loon Institute
Moto Norte Loon, Bohol
2014-2015
Tertiary : Bohol Island State University Calape Campus
San Isidro, Calape, Bohol
2020-2021
SKILLS AND INTEREST
Computer Programming
Photoshop
163
Computer Literate
Video Editing
164

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CHAPTER I

portability and increasing functionality are gradually replacing desktop computers.

processors, more memory, higher-resolution screens, better wireless

communication standards. They will generally give us opportunities and flexibility.

and makes it available everywhere and anytime.

cellphones and handheld computers will evolve. Smartphones are sophisticated

possible. The school must implement a method in a straightforward yet effective

students in their day-to-day activities must be put into consideration.

on, yet it is expected to be modernized given that technology is incorporated

Campus Bulletin application will display all the activities, announcements

the Campus to access information.

Campus Bulletin application is purposely made in order to help the

displays all the activities, announcements, and updates of different departments

announcements using this platform; exclusively for the school.

managing school events. The purposes include the following:

 To develop an application that will manage the school activities in a

 To help the students ask questions to their instructors anytime.

 It will serve as a tool of communication between the school management

and the students.

information such as important events and other reminders.

 To easily access the rules and regulations of a school as well as the

 It supports the students in their day-to-day activities.

 The instructors can send urgent announcements to their students.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study mainly focuses only in;

the information on the system.

It can post an announcement and create subject for students.

The school administration and teachers’ announcements are allowed.

accepted for announcements and events posts.

It can only be provided by students. Suggestions, requests, and

comments are all acceptable forms of communication.

It’s all about school news.

Significance of the Study

mobile application allows the instructors to post important announcements that is

Today’s modern classroom, whether online or campus-based, uses e-

needs for self-directedness.

and an effective way of engaging students outside the classroom. ODF is an e-

some of the communication impediments associated with the face-to-face lectures

providing a forum to address issues through argumentative and collaborative

environment is less intimidating, less prone to be dominated by a single participant

in a meaningful and intellectual experience [1: Balaji and Chakrabarti, 2010].

However, Heiberger and Harper mentioned that Student Involvement

be used to gauge the level of involvement in a particular experience. Student

literature. It was recently readdressed in Student Success in College (Kuh and

others, 2005) as student engagement.[2] Then, the public access electronic

bulletin board is a medium which serves middle-sized audiences. It is a growing

1962; 2003) which presents crucial factors for dissemination of innovations,

including properties of the innovation, the adopters, the communication channels

adopter lives and works. Diffusion is the process by which an innovation is

communicated through certain channels over time among members of a social

system (Rogers, 2003). It is a social change, a process by which alteration occurs

relationships. [4: Genlott, et.al, 2019].

In addition, Information theory is most suited in a way that mathematical

situations and solving optimality problems of communication and information

theory also includes theoretical analysis of secrecy system [5: Nemetz].

Review of Related Literature

has skyrocketed, leaving information providers with no option but to implement

instantaneous access to information (Nalluri & Gaddam, 2016). It provides a

suitable platform for information dissemination as it is more personalized.

search history to provide selective information dissemination or enhanced user-