Basics of Testing
Basics of Testing
Basics of Testing
Maintenance of
Electrical Machines
(TME) 6430
Unit 1 :
Basics of Testing
Curriculum
Causes of failure of electrical equipments
Role of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) in testing
Significance of Maintenance of Electrical
Equipment
Types of Maintenance-Routine, Preventive and
breakdown Maintenance
concept of TPM, pillars of TPM
Factors affecting the preventive maintenance
schedule
Procedure for developing Preventive maintenance
schedule
Objectives of Testing
Categories of tests
Tolerances
Ingress protection for solids & Liquids, IP marking
Causes of failure of electrical equipments
1. Routine maintenance
2. Preventive maintenance
3. Breakdown maintenance
1. Routine maintenance
It includes….
1. Routine tests
The tests that are conducted on each and every
machine after manufacturing to confirm various
physical parameters as well as the performance
2. Type tests
The tests that are conducted on a sample
machine arbitrarily selected from the a lot/batch
of manufactured machines.
3. Special tests
The tests which are conducted on a machine
when demanded by the customer
Tolerance
It is the permissible variation in the
physical dimensions, performance,
characteristics of a machine with
which the machine works without
any damage.
Methods of Testing
1. Direct Testing
The machine under test is directly
loaded. The load could be either
brake arrangement or coupling
with calibrated machine.
2. Indirect Testing
The machine is run on No load &
the data available is used to
predict the performance.
Methods of Testing
3. Regenerative Testing
The two identical machines are
used. Output of one machine is fed
to input the other machine hence
The power required to be taken
from mains is to overcome losses
in both machines.
Ingress Protection
Protection
Level Effective against Details
against
Water falling as a spray at
any angle up to 60° from
the vertical shall have no
harmful effect, utilizing For a spray nozzle:Test
either: a) an oscillating duration: 1 minute per square
fixture, or b) A spray meter for at least
nozzle with a 5 minutes[4] Water volume: 10
counterbalanced liters per minute
3 Spraying water shield.Test a) is conducted (0.037 impgal/s) Pressure:
for 5 minutes, then 50–150 kPa (7.3–21.8 psi)
repeated with the For an oscillating tube: Test
specimen rotated duration: 10 minutes Water
horizontally by 90° for the volume: 0.07 liters per minute
second 5-minute test. Test (0.00026 impgal/s) per hole
b) is conducted (with
shield in place) for 5
minutes minimum.
Second digit: Liquid ingress protection
Protection
Level Effective against Details
against
Water splashing against
the enclosure from any
direction shall have no
harmful effect, utilizing
Oscillating tube: Test duration
either:a) an oscillating
Splashing of 10 minutes, or spray nozzle
4 fixture, or b) A spray
water (same as IPX3 spray nozzle
nozzle with no shield. Test
with the shield removed)
a) is conducted for 10
minutes. b) is conducted
(without shield) for 5
minutes minimum.
Test duration: 1 minute per
Water projected by a
square meter for at least
nozzle (6.3 mm (0.25 in))
3 minutesWater volume:
5 Water jets against enclosure from
12.5 litres per minute
any direction shall have no
Pressure: 30 kPa (4.4 psi) at
harmful effects.
distance of 3 meters (9.8 ft)
Second digit: Liquid ingress protection
Protection
Level Effective against Details
against
Test duration: 1 minute per
Water projected in
square meter for at least
powerful jets (12.5 mm
3 minutesWater volume: 100
Powerful water (0.49 in)) against the
6 liters per minute
jets enclosure from any
(0.37 impgal/s) Pressure:
direction shall have no
100 kPa (15 psi) at distance
harmful effects.
of 3 meters (9.8 ft)
Water projected in
powerful jets (6.3 mm
Test duration: at least
(0.25 in) nozzle) against
Powerful water 3 minutes[citation needed]
the enclosure from any
jets with Water volume: 75 liters per
6K direction, under elevated
increased minute (0.27 impgal/s)
pressure, shall have no
pressure Pressure: 1,000 kPa (150 psi)
harmful effects. Found in
at distance of 3 meters (9.8 ft
DIN 40050, and not IEC
60529.
Second digit: Liquid ingress protection
Protection
Level Effective against Details
against
Ingress of water in harmful Test duration:
quantity shall not be 30 minutes.[2]Tested with the
possible when the lowest point of the enclosure
Immersion, up
enclosure is immersed in 1,000 mm (39 in) below the
7 to 1 meter (3 ft
water under defined surface of the water, or the
3 in) depth
conditions of pressure and highest point 150 mm (5.9 in)
time (up to 1 meter (3 ft below the surface, whichever
3 in) of submersion). is deeper.
Second digit: Liquid ingress protection
Protection
Level Effective against Details
against
Protected against close-
range high pressure, high-
temperature spray
downs.Smaller specimens
rotate slowly on a
turntable, from 4 specific Test duration: Fixture: 30 sec.
angles. Larger specimens in each of 4 angles (2 min.
are mounted in the total), Freehand: 1 min/m2, 3
intended position when min. minimumWater volume:
Powerful high- being used, no turntable 14–16 liters per minute
9K temperature required, and are tested (0.051–0.059 impgal/s)
water jets freehand for at least 3 Pressure: 8–10 MPa (80–
minutes at a distance of 100 bar) at distance of 0.10–
0.15–0.2 meters (5.9 in– 0.15 meters (3.9 in–5.9 in)
7.9 in). Water temperature: 80 °C
The specific requirements (176 °F)
for the test nozzle are