- The document discusses Thevenin's theorem, which states that any linear electrical circuit can be reduced to an equivalent circuit with one voltage source and one resistor.
- It explains how to calculate the Thevenin voltage (VTH) and resistance (RTH) by removing the load and sources.
- Thevenin's theorem allows complex circuits to be simplified in order to determine current and voltage across loads. However, it is not applicable to non-linear circuits.
- Common applications include analyzing power systems and measuring unknown resistances using a Wheatstone bridge.
- The document discusses Thevenin's theorem, which states that any linear electrical circuit can be reduced to an equivalent circuit with one voltage source and one resistor.
- It explains how to calculate the Thevenin voltage (VTH) and resistance (RTH) by removing the load and sources.
- Thevenin's theorem allows complex circuits to be simplified in order to determine current and voltage across loads. However, it is not applicable to non-linear circuits.
- Common applications include analyzing power systems and measuring unknown resistances using a Wheatstone bridge.
- The document discusses Thevenin's theorem, which states that any linear electrical circuit can be reduced to an equivalent circuit with one voltage source and one resistor.
- It explains how to calculate the Thevenin voltage (VTH) and resistance (RTH) by removing the load and sources.
- Thevenin's theorem allows complex circuits to be simplified in order to determine current and voltage across loads. However, it is not applicable to non-linear circuits.
- Common applications include analyzing power systems and measuring unknown resistances using a Wheatstone bridge.
- The document discusses Thevenin's theorem, which states that any linear electrical circuit can be reduced to an equivalent circuit with one voltage source and one resistor.
- It explains how to calculate the Thevenin voltage (VTH) and resistance (RTH) by removing the load and sources.
- Thevenin's theorem allows complex circuits to be simplified in order to determine current and voltage across loads. However, it is not applicable to non-linear circuits.
- Common applications include analyzing power systems and measuring unknown resistances using a Wheatstone bridge.
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Concept of Potential Difference, Voltage, Current and
Types of Elements
Learning Outcomes of Topic
To make students understand the • Concept of Thevenin’s Theorem. • Application of Thevenin’s Theorem to electric circuits. • Limitation of Thevenin’s Theorem.
Video Link:-https://youtu.be/8udwPc5pCoA Description:-Thevenin’s Theorem
In electrical circuit theory, Thevenin’s theorem for linear electrical networks states that any combination of voltage sources, current sources and resistors with two terminals is electrically equivalent to a single voltage source V and a single series resistor R. For single frequency AC systems, the theorem can also be applied to general impedances, not just resistors. Any complex network can be reduced to a Thevenin's equivalent circuit consist of a single voltage source and series resistance connected to a load. Figure 1: Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
VTHis the open circuit voltage between the two output terminals of a circuit. RTHis the total resistance appearing between the two output terminals when all sources have been replaced by their internal resistances
Explanation of Thevenin’s Theorem
The Thevenin’s statement is explained with the help of a circuit shown below:
Figure 2: Circuit1
Let us consider a simple DC circuit as shown in the figure above, where we have to find the load current IL by the Thevenin’s theorem.
In order to find the equivalent voltage source, rL is removed from the circuit as shown in the figure below and Voc or VTH is calculated. Figure 3: Circuit 2
So,
Now, to find the internal resistance of the network (Thevenin’s resistance or
equivalent resistance) in series with the open-circuit voltage VOC , also known as Thevenin’s voltage VTH, the voltage source is removed or we can say it is deactivated by a short circuit (as the source does not have any internal resistance) as shown in the figure below: Figure 4: Circuit 4
Therefore,
So,
Figure: 5 Equivalent Circuit of Thevenin’s Theorem
As per Thevenin’s Statement, the load current is determined by the circuit shown above and the equivalent Thevenin’s circuit is obtained. The load current IL is given as:
Where,
VTH is the Thevenin’s equivalent voltage. It is an open circuit voltage across the terminal AB known as load terminal RTH is the Thevenin’s equivalent resistance, as seen from the load terminals where all the sources are replaced by their internal impedance rL is the load resistance
Steps for Solving Thevenin’s Theorem
Step 1 – First of all remove the load resistance rL of the given circuit.
Step 2 – Replace all the sources by their internal resistance.
Step 3 – If sources are ideal then short circuit the voltage source and open circuit the current source.
Step 4 – Now find the equivalent resistance at the load terminals, known as Thevenin’s Resistance (RTH).
Step 5 – Draw the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit by connecting the load resistance and after that determine the desired response.
This theorem is possibly the most extensively used networks theorem. It is applicable where it is desired to determine the current through or voltage across any one element in a network. Thevenin’s Theorem is an easy way to solve a complicated network. Summary • Statement any linear circuit, which can contain several emfs and resistive components, and simplify the circuit into one voltage source and series resistance connected to a load. • Limitation not applicable to non-Linear and unilateral elements. • ApplicationThevenin’s Theorem is a way to reduce a network to an equivalent circuit composed of a single voltage source, series resistance, and series load.
Application
• Thevenin's Theorem is especially useful in analyzing power systems and other
circuits where one particular resistor in the circuit (called the “load” resistor) is subject to change, and re-calculation of the circuit is necessary with each trial value of load resistance, to determine voltage across it and current through it. • Source modeling and resistance measurement using the Wheatstone bridge provide applications for Thevenin’s theorem. • Reduce the number of components required to establish the same characteristics at the output terminals.
Practice Problems (FAQs)
1. State and explain Thevenins Theorem.
2. Give the examples to apply and solve Thevenins Theorem. 3. Elaborate the limitations of Thevenin’s Theorem. 4. Discuss the application of Thevenin’s Theorem.
