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    Norton

    Uploaded by

    Dhaivat Pandya
    Norton's theorem can be used to simplify electric circuits by reducing them to an equivalent circuit with a single current source (IN) and parallel resistance (RN). The steps are: 1) Short the load and measure the short circuit current (IN) 2) Open sources and load, measure open circuit resistance (RN) 3) Draw an equivalent circuit with IN as the current source and RN in parallel. This simplified circuit can then be used to analyze the original complex circuit.

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    Norton

    Uploaded by

    Dhaivat Pandya
    32 views3 pages
    Norton's theorem can be used to simplify electric circuits by reducing them to an equivalent circuit with a single current source (IN) and parallel resistance (RN). The steps are: 1) Short the load and measure the short circuit current (IN) 2) Open sources and load, measure open circuit resistance (RN) 3) Draw an equivalent circuit with IN as the current source and RN in parallel. This simplified circuit can then be used to analyze the original complex circuit.

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    Norton's theorem can be used to simplify electric circuits by reducing them to an equivalent circuit with a single current source (IN) and parallel resistance (RN). The steps are: 1) Short the load and measure the short circuit current (IN) 2) Open sources and load, measure open circuit resistance (RN) 3) Draw an equivalent circuit with IN as the current source and RN in parallel. This simplified circuit can then be used to analyze the original complex circuit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    32 views3 pages

    Norton

    Uploaded by

    Dhaivat Pandya
    Norton's theorem can be used to simplify electric circuits by reducing them to an equivalent circuit with a single current source (IN) and parallel resistance (RN). The steps are: 1) Short the load and measure the short circuit current (IN) 2) Open sources and load, measure open circuit resistance (RN) 3) Draw an equivalent circuit with IN as the current source and RN in parallel. This simplified circuit can then be used to analyze the original complex circuit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Norton’s Theorem in DC Circuit Analysis

    Norton’s theorem is another useful tool to analyse electric circuits like using
    the Thevenin’s Theorem, which reduces linear, active circuits and complex
    networks into a simple equivalent circuit. The main difference between Thevenin’s
    theorem and Norton’s theorem is that, Thevenin’s theorem provides an equivalent
    voltage source and an equivalent series resistance, while Norton’s theorem provides
    an equivalent Current source and an equivalent parallel resistance.

    Norton’s Theorem states that:


    Any linear electric network or complex circuit with current and voltage sources can
    be replaced by an equivalent circuit containing a single independent current source
    IN  and a parallel resistance RN.

    In other but simple words, Any linear circuit is equivalent to a real and independent
    current source in specific terminals.

    Steps to Analyse an Electric Circuit using Norton’s


    Theorem
    1. Short the load resistor.
    2. Calculate / measure the Short Circuit Current. This is the Norton Current
    (IN).
    3. Open Current Sources, Short Voltage Sources and Open Load Resistor.
    4. Calculate /measure the Open Circuit Resistance. This is the Norton
    Resistance (RN).
    5. Now, Redraw the circuit with measured short circuit Current (I N) in Step (2)
    as Current Source and measured open circuit resistance (R N) in step (4) as
    a parallel resistance and connect the load resistor which we had removed
    in Step (3). This is the Equivalent Norton Circuit of that Linear Electric
    Network or Complex circuit which had to be simplified and analysed. You
    have done.
    6. Now find the Load current flowing through and Load Voltage across Load
    Resistor by using the Current divider rule. IL = IN / (RN / (RN+ RL))
    Thevenin’s Theorem in DC Circuit Analysis

    1. Remove that portion of the network where the Thevenin equivalent circuit is
    found. In Fig. 9.25(a), this requires that the load resistor R L be temporarily
    removed from the network.
    2. Mark the terminals of the remaining two-terminal network. (The importance
    of this step will become obvious as we progress through some complex
    networks.)
    RTh:
    3. Calculate RTh by first setting all sources to zero (voltage sources are replaced
    by short circuits and current sources by open circuits) and then finding the
    resultant resistance between the two marked
    terminals. (If the internal resistance of the voltage and/or current sources is
    included in the original network, it must remain when the sources are set to
    zero.)
    ETh:
    4. Calculate ETh by first returning all sources to their original position and
    finding the open-circuit voltage between the marked terminals. (This step is
    invariably the one that causes most confusion
    and errors. In all cases, keep in mind that it is the open-circuit potential
    between the two terminals marked in step 2.)
    5. Draw the Thévenin equivalent circuit with the portion of the circuit
    previously removed replaced between the terminals of the equivalent circuit.
    This step is indicated by the placement of the resistor RL between the
    terminals of the Thévenin equivalent circuit as shown in Fig. 9.25(b).
     RECIPROCITY THEOREM
    The reciprocity theorem is applicable only to single-source networks. It is,
    therefore, not a theorem used in the analysis of multisource networks
    described thus far. The theorem states the following:
    The current I in any branch of a network due to a single voltage source E
    anywhere else in the network will equal the current through the branch in
    which the source was originally located if the source is placed in the branch in
    which the current I was originally measured.
    In other words, the location of the voltage source and the resulting current
    may be interchanged without a change in current. The theorem requires that
    the polarity of the voltage source have the same correspondence with the
    direction of the branch current in each position.

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