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    Orthographic Vi-WPS Office

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    MNCEDISI
    Orthographic views are 2D projections used to define 3D objects. Standard practice uses three views - front, top, and side. Orthographic views are important for clearly communicating the specifics of 3D objects without ambiguity. Different types of lines like hidden, center, and object lines are used in orthographic views along with techniques like sections, breaks, and auxiliaries to fully represent 3D geometries in 2D drawings.

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    Orthographic Vi-WPS Office

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    MNCEDISI
    35 views7 pages
    Orthographic views are 2D projections used to define 3D objects. Standard practice uses three views - front, top, and side. Orthographic views are important for clearly communicating the specifics of 3D objects without ambiguity. Different types of lines like hidden, center, and object lines are used in orthographic views along with techniques like sections, breaks, and auxiliaries to fully represent 3D geometries in 2D drawings.

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    Orthographic projection

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    Orthographic views are 2D projections used to define 3D objects. Standard practice uses three views - front, top, and side. Orthographic views are important for clearly communicating the specifics of 3D objects without ambiguity. Different types of lines like hidden, center, and object lines are used in orthographic views along with techniques like sections, breaks, and auxiliaries to fully represent 3D geometries in 2D drawings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    35 views7 pages

    Orthographic Vi-WPS Office

    Uploaded by

    MNCEDISI
    Orthographic views are 2D projections used to define 3D objects. Standard practice uses three views - front, top, and side. Orthographic views are important for clearly communicating the specifics of 3D objects without ambiguity. Different types of lines like hidden, center, and object lines are used in orthographic views along with techniques like sections, breaks, and auxiliaries to fully represent 3D geometries in 2D drawings.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    Orthographic Views

    Orthographic views are two-dimensional views used to define a three-dimensional


    model. More than one orthographic view is needed to define a model unless the model is
    of uniform thickness.

    Standard practice calls for three orthographic views, a front, top, and side view,
    although more or fewer views may be used as needed.

    Orthographic projections are important because they are used to communicate the
    specifics of a three-dimensional object clearly and without ambiguity.

    Third- and First-Angle Projections

    For third-angle projections the orthographic view is projected on a plane located


    between the viewer’s position and the object. For first-angle projections the
    orthographic view is projected on a plane located beyond the object. The front and top
    views for third- and first-angle projections appear the same, but they are located in
    different positions relative to the front view.
    Fundamentals of Orthographic Views

    Normal Surfaces

    Normal surfaces are surfaces that are at 90° to each other. Below are objects that
    include only normal surfaces and their orthographic views.

    Hidden Lines

    Hidden lines are used to show surfaces that are not directly visible. All surfaces must be
    shown in all views. If an edge or surface is blocked from view by another feature, it is
    drawn using a hidden line.
    Precedence of Lines

    It is not unusual for one type of line to be drawn over another type of line. Below are two
    examples of overlap by different types of lines. A solid line (object or continuous) takes
    precedence over a hidden line, and a hidden line takes precedence over a centerline.

    Slanted Surfaces

    Slanted surfaces are surfaces drawn at an angle to each other. Surface ABCD appears as
    a rectangle in both the top and front views. Neither rectangle represents the true shape
    of the surface. Each is smaller than the actual surface. Also, none of the views shows
    enough of the object to enable the viewer to accurately define the shape of the object.
    The views must be used together for a correct understanding of the object’s shape.

    Compound Lines

    A compound line is formed when two slanted surfaces intersect.

    Oblique Surfaces

    An oblique surface is a surface that is slanted in two different directions


    Section Views

    Some objects have internal surfaces that are not directly visible in normal orthographic
    views. Section views are used to expose these surfaces. Section views do not include
    hidden lines.Any material cut when a section view is defined is hatched using section
    lines. There are many different styles of hatching, but the general style is evenly spaced
    45° lines.

    Below is a three-dimensional view of an object. The object is cut by a cutting plane.


    Cutting planes are used to define the location of the section view. Material to one side of
    the cutting plane is removed, exposing the section view.

    Aligned Section Views

    .Aligned section views are most often used on circular objects and use an angled cutting
    plane line to include more features in the section view.
    Broken Views

    It is often convenient to break long continuous shapes so that they take up less drawing
    space. Below is a long L-bracket that has a continuous shape; that is, its shape is
    constant throughout its length.
    Auxiliary Views

    Auxiliary views are orthographic views used to present true-shaped views of a slanted
    surface. In the diagram below neither the front nor the side view shows a true shape of
    the slanted surface. A top view would show a foreshortened view. Only a view taken 90°
    to the surface will show its true shape.

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