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    Hexagonal Slot Antennas For Broadband CP Operation

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    Hexagonal Slot Antennas For Broadband CP Operation

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    蘇哲
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    Hexagonal Slot Antennas for Broadband CP Operation

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    26 views4 pages

    Hexagonal Slot Antennas For Broadband CP Operation

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    蘇哲

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Hexagonal Slot Antennas for Broadband CP Operation

    Che Wei Su (1), Ching-Her Lee *(2), and Yu-Bo Tzeng(2)


    (1) Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Chienkuo
    Technology University, Chieh Shou N. Rd., Changhua, Taiwan 500, R. O. C.
    (2) Department of Electronic Engineering, National Changhua University of
    Education, Changhua, Taiwan 500, R. O. C.
    Email : [email protected]

    Introduction

    In the past, the study of the slot antennas has focused on those with a narrow slot
    [1]. From the literature, it is believed that the dimension of the slot and the feed
    point topology affect much the input impedance. Recently, it is reported that the
    microstrip-fed slot antennas with a wider-radiating slot exhibit a larger
    impedance bandwidth [2]. In [3], the authors showed that wide impedance
    bandwidth can be obtained by designing the radiating slot in hexagonal shape
    and fed by a microstrip line. It was demonstrated in that work that by increasing
    the size of the hexagonal slot, the impedance bandwidth can be made wider. In
    addition, the wider bandwidth can also be achieved by special feeding structures
    such as the T-shape and U-shape feed-lines [4, 5]. It is indicated in [6] that
    wider bandwidth is obtained when the feed line is located along the diagonal of
    the square slot. On the other hand, circularly polarized (CP) slot antennas are
    expected to have much wider CP bandwidth than that of microstrip antennas due
    to its wide bandwidth characteristic. The CP slot antennas usually utilize a
    single feed with a perturbation element to reduce the design complexity. Two
    methods are often employed in the related antenna designs. One of the methods
    uses an asymmetric slot structure [7] to perturb the distribution of the magnetic
    current. Then the CP operation can be obtained with the simultaneous excitation
    of the feed-line and perturbation element. The other method employs an L-shape
    feed-line to excite two orthogonal modes with the same amplitude and a 90°
    phase difference in the slot [8]. In such a way, the antenna CP bandwidth can be
    achieved up to 5%. In this paper, a newly designed broadband CP slot antenna
    with a hexagonal slot is proposed. Sample antennas with different sizes of the
    hexagonal slot were fabricated and measured for verification. Details of the
    antenna design and the obtained results are presented in the following sections.

    Antenna Configuration and Design

    Figure 1 shows the geometry of the proposed broadband hexagonal slot antenna.
    The hexagonal slot that has four long sides of length L and two short sides of
    length W is etched in the ground plane of an FR4 substrate with a thickness 1.6
    mm and a relative permittivity 4.4. The slot is fed by a 50 Ω non-uniform
    microstrip feed-line. To achieve good impedance matching, the latter part of the
    microstrip width (Wm) is made widen, and a pair of slits with length Lg and

    1-4244-0878-4/07/$20.00 ©2007 IEEE 389


    width 0.5 mm is embedded in the broadened part of the microstrip feed line. In
    addition, the L-shape feed line excites two orthogonal modes of the magnetic
    current on the hexagonal slot for CP operation. By fine-tuning the stub length Ls,
    the CP purity can be improved. Careful examination of the slot antenna
    performance reveals that the impedance matching is primarily affected by the
    following three parameters: the length Lg of the embedded slits and the length Lm
    and width Wm of the broadened part of the microstrip feed line. For the limiting
    case of W = 0 mm, the width Wm is needed to be in the range of about 0.3L to
    0.4L. It should be broadened as a wider width W is used for obtaining a good
    impedance matching. Moreover, the proposed antenna configuration shown in
    Fig. 1 can give right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) radiation.

    Fig. 1. Geometry of the proposed broadband CP hexagonal slot antenna.

    Simulation and Measurement Results

    To investigate the influence of the short side W of the hexagonal slot on


    bandwidth, the proposed antenna prototypes with different short sides of the slot
    were simulated. To do this, the long side L of the slot is fixed at 30 mm and the
    slot antennas with W equal to 0 mm, 4 mm, 8 mm, and 12 mm are denoted by
    Antenna 1, Antenna 2, Antenna 3, and Antenna 4, respectively. In order to
    achieve the impedance matching, the optimal structural parameters Lg and Lm are
    given in Table 1. Fig. 2 shows the measured return loss and the corresponding
    impedance bandwidths are also given in Table 1. It is observed that the
    impedance bandwidth (for VSWR ≤ 2) is about 22.1% (2650 ~ 3300 MHz)
    when W = 0 mm. The impedance bandwidth is broadened to 39.7% (2012 ~
    2962 MHz) as W increases to 12 mm.

    390
    Table 1 Performance of some sample antennas of Fig. 1. Impedance
    bandwidth is determined for VSWR ≤ 2.
    L W W m Ls Lg Lm fc RLBW CPBW Gain
    (mm) (MHz) (MHz) (MHz) (dBic)
    22.1% 5.1%
    Ant. 1 30 0 10 15.5 8 18.2 2940 3.5
    (2650~3300) (2890~3040)
    22.4% 5.5%
    Ant. 2 30 4 12 18.5 8 19.2 2620 3.6
    (2250~2837) (2540~2685)
    38.1% 9.1%
    Ant. 3 30 8 18 22 4 18.7 2400 3.6
    (2075~2987) (2310~2530)
    39.7% 8.9%
    Ant. 4 30 12 20 24 3.5 19.2 2390 3.1
    (2012~2962) (2301~2514)

    Fig. 3. Measured axial ratio for the


    Fig. 2. Measured return loss for the
    antenna shown in Fig. 1 with varying
    antenna shown in Fig. 1 with varying
    length W of the hexagonal slot.
    length W of the hexagonal slot.

    Fig. 4. Spinning linear radiation patterns measured at 2400 MHz.

    Figure 3 plots the measured axial ratio in the broadside direction. The CP
    bandwidth of the Antenna 1 determined by 3 dB axial ratio is about 5.1% (2890
    ~ 3040 MHz) of the center frequency at 2940 MHz. Antenna 3 has the widest
    CP bandwidth which reaches 9.1% (2310 ~ 2530 MHz) of the center frequency
    at 2400 MHz. Table 1 shows that the CP bandwidth can be improved by
    choosing appropriate short-side length W of the hexagonal slot. Figure 4
    presents the measured spinning linear radiation patterns of Antenna 3 in two

    391
    principal planes at 2400 MHz. Good (right-hand) CP radiation is obtained in the
    broadside direction. The measured antenna gain is shown in Table 1. It is
    observed that the variation of gain is small. As the short-side length W of the
    hexagonal slot varies from 0 mm to 12 mm, the antenna gain variation is within
    0.5 dBic.

    Conclusion

    In this paper, the hexagonal slot antennas with an L-shape microstrip-fed for
    broadband CP operation have been designed, simulated, and verified by and
    measurement. Results show that the CP bandwidth gets wider with the increased
    short-side length W of the hexagonal slot. However, the CP bandwidth increases
    slowly and stops broadening as the length W > 8 mm. In the obtained results, the
    proposed CP hexagonal slot antenna with W = 8 mm (Antenna 3) has an
    impedance bandwidth of about 38.1% and a wide 3-dB axial-ratio CP bandwidth
    of about 9.1%. The antenna gain has been seen to be stable over a wide
    frequency range and no less than 3.1 dBic in the operating band.

    References

    [1] Y. Yoshimura, “A microstripline slot antenna,” IEEE Trans. Microwave


    Theory and Techa., vol. 20, pp. 760-762, Nov. 1972.
    [2] M. Kahrizi, T. K. Sarkar, and Z. A. Maricevic, “Analysis of a wide radiating
    slot in the ground plane of a microstrip line,” IEEE Trans. Microwave
    Theory and Techa., vol. 41, pp. 29-37, Jan. 1993.
    [3] J. Y. Jan, C. Y. Hsiang, J. W. Su, Y. T. Cheng, and W. S. Chen, “Printed
    microstrip-line-fed wideband slot antenna with a hexagonal slot,” IEEE AP-
    S Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 1, pp. 569-572, 2005.
    [4] Y. W. Jang, J. C. Yoon, and H. S. Shin, “A large bandwidth t-shaped
    microstrip-fed ground plane slot antenna,” Microwave Journal, vol. 45, pp.
    92-103, Jan. 2002.
    [5] J. Y. Sze and K. L. Wong, “Bandwidth enhancement of a microstrip-line-fed
    printed wide-slot antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 49, pp.
    1020-1024, July 2001.
    [6] J. Y. Jan and J. W. Su, “Bandwidth Enhancement of a printed wide-slot
    antenna with a rotated slot,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, pp.
    2111-2114, June 2005.
    [7] K. L. Wong, C. C. Huang, and W. S. Chen, “Printed ring slot antenna for
    circular polarization,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 50, pp. 75-77,
    Jan. 2002.
    [8] J. S. Row, C. Y. D. Sim, and K. W. Lin, “Broadband printed ring-slot array
    with circular polarization,” Electron. Lett., vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 110-111, Feb.
    2005.

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