Ece 405 Final Project

Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines
4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph
Department of Electronics Engineering
ECE 405 - DIGITAL PRINCIPLES AND LOGIC DESIGN

FINAL PROJECT
Boolean Logic Controlled Traffic Light Design and Simulation
SUBMITTED BY:
CASTILLO, SOPHIA BIANCA G.

GACUSAN, JAMES KENNETH G.
MACATANGAY, EUNICE JOYCE R.
TACLOB, IVY MARIELLE D.
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. RONALD B. PATRON
MAY 2023
Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Introduction/Background of the Project……………………………………………………3
Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………..4
Definition of Terms………………………………………………………………………...4
Limitations……………………………………………………………………………….…6
Related Articles/Cited References………………………………………………….………6
Methodology……………………………………………………………………………..…8
Boolean Functions………………………………………………….……………………….9
Karnaugh Maps, State Diagrams, Etc………………………………………….….………..9
Circuit Diagram……………………………………………………………………………11
Testing and Discussion of Results………………………………………………………...14
Conclusions and Recommendations………………………………………………………17
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………19

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INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
Traffic light control systems have become an essential part of modern transportation
systems. With the increasing number of drivers and pedestrians in urban areas, it is necessary to
use these systems to manage traffic flow in and out of cities. Many cities have implemented
traffic light control systems, and this trend will likely continue. However, despite their success,
there is still a need to improve these systems further.
One way to improve traffic light control systems is by using intelligent algorithms. These
algorithms are designed to interact collectively and intelligently with the environment to improve
city traffic control. The intelligent traffic light algorithm system is based on the logic that
matches and adapts to the traffic flow, making it more efficient and effective.
Traditionally, traffic signals work as though traffic generally exists and accept an
equivalent dispersion of traffic streams, even if there is no vehicle on a specific meeting.
However, there are better arrangements than this, as the length designated for every intersection
is at a consistent process duration. This fixed duration of the traffic signal cycle does not
consider the current traffic flow. For example, if the approaching traffic is in low condition and
the heavy traffic is in high condition, the traffic signal cycle is still in the decent time mode. The
delivery time for the approaching traffic is set on a significant stretch, but the delivery time for
the busy traffic is set for a brief period. This causes the active traffic to be clogged. Vehicles may
sometimes get stuck in the middle of the intersection, resulting in increased blockages and traffic
congestion.
In the past, traffic in big cities was often heavy, and with the arrival of automobiles, it
became even worse. Traffic occurs when various pedestrians, vehicles, streetcars, and other
conveyances occur singly or simultaneously while using the public way for travel. Traffic is a
hindrance to those who are in a hurry and can also cause accidents. To avoid such occurrences,
traffic lights are adapted for street use. These are signaling devices positioned at road
intersections and other locations to manage competing traffic flows. They alternate the right-of-
way of road users by displaying lights of a typical color: green light allowing a car to proceed
within the direction indicated, yellow light denoting preparation to prevent in need of the
intersection, and red light prohibiting it from proceeding.
Modern traffic lights are time-controlled and sensor-controlled and implemented on

different types of road intersections like cross intersections, T intersections, and Y intersections.
Time-controlled traffic lights operate on a timing mechanism that changes the lights after a given
interval. In contrast, sensor-controlled traffic lights sense the presence and absence of vehicles

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and react accordingly. These systems use motion sensors to trigger light changes, and detectors
are positioned on each lane at the cross-section to detect the volume of cars that have pulled up.
To govern the actions of the traffic system, algorithms are used, and Boolean logic is an
effective way to do this. Boolean logic consists of binary variables and a collection of logical
operations. These variables represent state transitions, and the logical operations are executed
using a Mealy model. The Mealy model is a sequential circuit that uses input actions, so the
output depends on the state and input combinational logic. The output combinational logic is a
function of the present state and input.
Researchers are eagerly working to develop new traffic light control systems that can
improve the efficiency and safety of traffic flow. By using the correct concepts and principles
with well-defined design parameters, they hope to develop the required output, which in this
case, is the proposed one-way light design. The successful implementation of intelligent traffic
light algorithms and systems will significantly improve city traffic flow and make transportation
safer and more efficient.
OBJECTIVE
1. To create a simulation and prototype of a traffic light for a one-way road intersection.
2. To control traffic light system using the application of Boolean logic
3. To test and verify such logic theories and techniques learn from the course
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms are defined conceptually and operationally based on how they are
used in the study.
Algorithm. This term refers to a set of finite sequences of well-defined instructions for
solving a problem or accomplishing a task.
Binary Counter. This term refers to circuits that generate binary sequences that can be
associated with the number of clock signal pulses applied to the input.
Binary Digital Circuits. This term refers to electronic circuits implemented using
various logic gates and represents or manipulates information encoded as electric signals. The
input signal applied to these circuits is of digital form, which is represented in 0’s and 1’s binary
language format.

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Boolean Logic. This term refers to a form of algebra which is centered on three simple
words known as Boolean Operators: “Or,” “And,” and “Not”.
Clock Signal. This term refers to a particular type of signal that oscillates between a high
and a low state. The signal acts like a metronome, which the digital circuit follows in time to
coordinate its sequence of actions. Digital circuits rely on clock signals to know when and how
to execute the functions that are programmed.
Control System. This term refers to one which manages, commands, directs, or regulates
the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops.
Detector. This term refers to a device or circuit that extracts information from a
modulated radio frequency current or voltage.
Digital Circuits. This term refers to formed from binary circuits including digital
computers.
Karnaugh maps (KM or K-map). This term refers to a method of simplifying Boolean
algebra expressions. Maurice Karnaugh introduced it in 1953 as a refinement of Edward W.
Veitch's 1952 Veitch chart, which was a rediscovery of Allan Marquand's 1881 logical diagram
aka Marquand diagram but with a focus now set on its utility for switching circuits. Veitch charts
are therefore also known as Marquand–Veitch diagrams, and Karnaugh maps as Karnaugh–
Veitch maps (KV maps).
LED Display Device. This term refers to a flat-panel display that uses an array of light-
emitting diodes as pixels for a video display.
Logic Circuit. This term refers to a circuit that executes a processing or controlling
function in a computer that consists of combinational logic and sequential logic circuit elements.
Sensor. This term refers to a device that detects and responds to some type of input from
the physical environment.
Traffic lights. This term refers to sets of red, amber, and green lights at the places where
roads meet. They control the traffic by signaling when vehicles must stop and once, they can go
Traffic signs. This term refers to the signs erected at the side of roads to supply
information to road drivers and help regulate the flow of traffic.
Traffic signal regulator. This term refers to electronic devices located at intersections
that control the sequence of lights. It provides safe and smooth road traffic by conducting road
traffic control in accordance with the time of day and the road traffic conditions.

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LIMITATIONS
This project primarily focuses on logic circuits, as well as demonstrating how and why
one-way traffic lights are employed. We created a logic circuit that simulates traffic lights.
Furthermore, it is assumed that there are numerous types of traffic lights on the roads, including
traffic lights for four streets, three streets, and others. However, the circuit we chose to construct
is solely for one-way traffic lights. A one-way stoplight layout was designed using the gathered
information as a guide. The project started with a specific goal in mind: to create a one-way
stoplight placed to a street crossing point with sensors that detect the presence of vehicles,
causing light advancements. Furthermore, this study intends to demonstrate how rational
hypotheses can be used to improve traffic signal control framework. Following that is the
execution of consistent actions of the look with the use of such model appearance.
RELATED ARTICLES/CITED REFERENCES
In reality, traffic signal frameworks are divided into two parts. The first segment is the
traffic signal, and the second is the regulator unit. At the crowded crossing places, traffic signals
are used to manage the flow of traffic. According to Normanyo (2009), a traffic signal sign or
stop light is a flagging device placed at street intersections, pedestrian crossings, and other
locations to regulate the movement of vehicles and walkers. Additionally, traffic lights normally
feature three main lights: a red light that signifies "stop," a green light that denotes "go," and a
golden light that indicates "stop if possible".
Syed (2009) asserted that conventional traffic signal control systems based on accurate
models fail to handle the complex and changing traffic situation. They are displayed without
even taking into consideration the traffic situation in order to update the sign within the
predetermined time frame. Due to the fixed process duration, such logical frameworks do not
take into account which crossing point has a greater volume of traffic and should be kept green
for a longer period of time or should end before the whole process duration. In such cases, fluffy
rule-based regulators are proven to be excellent traffic signal system supervisors. Even with
fragmentary evidence, fluffy regulators can make decisions. By reducing the seasons of vehicle
holding up, these calculations are consistently improving security and productivity. Flags
become stronger, and the flow of traffic is smoother as these increase the pace of movement. In
the 1970s, Pappis and Mamdani made the first attempt to develop a fuzzy traffic controller.
Then, in order to normalize traffic flow, experts like Niitymaki, Kikuchi, Chiu, and others
created various algorithms and logic controllers. A simulator was also developed by Kelsey

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(1993) for signal control of a single-lane, isolated intersection. Niitymaki and Pursula both
carried out the same action. They noticed that when traffic gets heavy, a fuzzy controller
decreases vehicle delays.
In the same manner, Wiering (2004) explained that the logic rationale provides a good
method for handling terms like "more," "less," "longer," and other similar expressions, thus
directives like "Assuming there is additional traffic from north to south, the lights ought to
remain green longer" can be discouraged. The traffic signal's period in a particular state before
switching to another state is determined by the fluffy rationale regulator. Although the request
for states is predetermined, the regulator has the option to skip a state if there is no traffic in a
specific heading. Similar to other, medium, and none, the amount of showing up and holding up
vehicles is quantified into logic factors. When there are 5 vehicles in the line, this might result in
the enactment of 25% of "many" and "75% of medium," as an enrollment work provides the
beginning of the factors experiencing the same thing. These criteria are used to figure out
whether or not the current status should be expanded. In experiments, the fluffy rationale
regulators allow traffic to stream more quickly and reduce waiting times. The regulator is doing
itself a disservice by relying so heavily on the predetermined evaluation values for the logic
factors, according to all sources.
However, Azadeh (2008) asserts that the simplicity and accuracy of traffic light models
are crucial indicators of both their general growth and, more specifically, the development of the
street traffic framework. Given that complex models are computationally inefficient, cannot be
used for web-based control, and cannot be recreated for large frameworks, and that exactness
tends to immerse, the nature of models is unquestionably a compromise between them.
According to Hyong (1995), it is expected that right turn traffic does not disrupt any other
traffic flows in an intersection when direction-varying traffic signal control is used. Rezapour
(2009) introduced a fuzzy traffic signal control system that included phase selector and green
extender features and used simulation to assess how well it worked. They suggested a brand-new
approach to controlling phase-sequence signals. Based on Fuzzy Neural Network and Genetic
Algorithm, Tahere (2010) developed traffic signal control intersections. They pointed out that an
intersection signal control model should take three things into account: (1) Simplified computing
model, control schemes should output in a given period; (2) Consider both under intersection and
its adjacent intersection, for realizing linear or group control; and (3) Self learning
capability.They attempted to incorporate these elements into the intersection control model.

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Likewise, Askerzade (2011) discussed the use of fuzzy logic technology to construct an
intelligent traffic control system that can operate traffic lights in a way that mimics human
intelligence. For the purpose of simulating an isolated traffic crossroads, they created MATLAB
software. As stated by Khalid (2004), the fuzzy control technique has been used in a number of
studies on traffic light control, but most often only one crossroads or traffic junction was taken
into consideration. They suggested a brand-new fuzzy traffic light control system that is suitable
for use in complex traffic junctions with numerous intersections. In accordance with traffic
density, vehicle wait times, and congestion, the system facilitates communication with nearby
controllers and regulates phase sequences and phase lengths adaptively.
Wiseman (2016) claims that when creating plans for a traffic light system, many factors
should be considered. If the designers ignore some of these factors, the traffic light may not only
be inefficient but also worsen traffic flow, produce more carbon dioxide, and, worst of all, result
in vehicle accidents. In order to meet this difficult objective, we provide a plan for a model of an
operational intelligent traffic light system in this study.
METHODOLOGY
This section will go over the process of developing a combinational logic circuit for a
one-way road intersection traffic light. The combinational logic circuit will be designed to
control the traffic light based on the input from timers. The output of the circuit will determine
which light should be turned on at any given time.
Figure 1. One-way Road Intersection Traffic Light Design

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Designing a one-way road intersection, as seen in the figure above, is the main objective
of this project. In other words, a car coming from Road 1 can only turn left or straight.
Additionally, a car on Road 2 can go straight or turn right but is unable to turn left. This type of
intersection is commonly used to control traffic flow and reduce the risk of accidents. Two traffic
lights are put on both roads, and the lights are programmed to light up alternately based on their
function. Each light has a designated label that determines its color and position.
The creation of the circuit will revolve around the state diagram, which is shown in the
figure below. A typical traffic light has four states; however, an alternate cycle of lights is used if
it is applied to a two-way traffic light that is placed at a one-way intersection road. The state
diagram depicts the transitions between each state and the conditions that trigger them.
Understanding the state diagram is crucial for designing and implementing an efficient traffic
light circuit.
Figure 2. One-way Road Intersection Traffic Light State Diagram
The four states of a One-way Road Intersection Traffic Light are as follows; State 1:
Green 1 and Red 2, State 2: Yellow 1 and Red 2, State 3: Red 1 and Green 2, State 4: Red 1
and Yellow 2. These states are achievable by obtaining the boolean function of each led light in
both traffic lights. Moreover, the binary representation of the state diagram should be tabulated
and will be the boolean function of the LED lights.

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Table 1. Binary Representation of The State Diagram

Table 1 shows the binary representation of the state diagram including the inputs and the
expected outputs with respect to certain combinations of inputs. The table provides a pattern that
is simple to remember while showing how input states affected output. The traffic lights will be
able to change states with the aid of this input state. Either the numbers are high or low. If the
value is 1, it is high; if it is 0, it is low. As shown on the table, the input 0 and 0 will turn the
Green 1 and Red 2 LEDs on. For the next combination, the input 0 and 1 will turn the Yellow 1
and Red 2 LEDs on. It is followed by the input of 1 and 0 and turns the Red 1 and Green 2 LEDs
on. Lastly, the input of 1 and 1 will turn the Red 1 and Yellow 2 LEDs on.
Figure 3. Karnaugh Map
The figure above shows the Karnaugh mapping of all the LEDs. It aims to simplify the
boolean function that is used to construct the combinational logic circuit with two inputs and six

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outputs. Since each of the LEDs is expected to light up in a certain period of time and sequence,
it is ideal to form individual boolean functions that are obtained by k-mapping.
Figure 4. Combinational Logic Circuit Diagram
The boolean functions obtained from the Karnaugh mapping are limited to two logic
gates; the NOT logic gate and the AND logic gate. These two logic gates are sufficient to
represent any boolean function. The NOT gate inverts the input, while the AND gate combines
multiple inputs to produce a single output based on its truth table. The boolean function for Red
1 is A, or tapped directly on the input A. For the Yellow 1, its boolean function is A'B, or the
AND of the input from an inverter connected to input A and the input directly from input B. The
Green 1 has a boolean function of A'B', or the AND of the two inputs, which came from the
inverters that are tapped directly to the inputs A and B. The Red 2 has a boolean function of A',
or the inverted output from input A. Yellow 2 has a boolean function of AB, or the AND of the
inputs A and B. Lastly is the Green 2, which has a boolean function of AB', or the AND of input
A and the inverted output of input B.
The combinational logic circuit that is presented in Figure 4 requires two inputs with a
certain combination of high and low outputs. According to the binary representation of the state
diagram, the logic circuit will need a combination of 00, 01, 10, and 11 in inputs A and B,
respectively. Moreover, the cycle of the state requires some time to transition across the other
states sequence. To address the following condition, a circuit that can supply voltage in a certain

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period of time should be constructed, and further, a binary counter should be used to attain the
required combination of inputs that will be fed into the combinational logic circuit.
Figure 5. 555 Timer Circuit Diagram
Traffic lights are a time-controlled system and run in a continuous sequence of states.
This project utilizes the use of 555 timer to produce continuous pulses with exact frequency
based on the value of the resistors and capacitors. The pulses signal will act as clock pulses that
will be needed in a binary counter to perform its function. In addition, the circuit above includes
a 7805 IC or a voltage regulator that will supply the needed voltage across the whole circuit.
Figure 6. 4-Bit Binary Counter

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Table 1. Binary Representation
To obtain the required combination of input for the combinational logic circuit, the
project utilizes the 74LS93 IC or a 4-Bit Binary Counter. This IC has four outputs and is shown
in the table in Figure 7. It is observed that the Output 3 replicates the input required in Input A
which are 0, 0,1, and 1 in strict order. It is also noticeable that the Output 2 replicates the
required input in Input B. Since the required input combination is already attainable in Output 2
and 3, then these two outputs will serve as the source for Input A and Input B of the
combinational circuit.
Figure 7. Operation Flow Chart
Figure 7 indicates the flow of operation on this project. All the circuits and IC are
connected to a single power source which is from the output of 7805 IC or the voltage regulator.
The 555-timer circuit will produce a continuous pulse for the binary counter to produce its
output, and will become the input for the combinational logic circuit.

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Figure 8. Combined Circuit Diagram for a One-way Road Intersection Traffic Light
The figure above shows the combined circuit diagram for a One-way Road Intersection
Traffic Light. This diagram includes the power source, 555 timer circuit, 4-bit Binary Counter,
and the combinational logic circuit. The main function of this circuit is to replicate the function
of commercial traffic lights that have state sequences for the alternation of the LEDs. The 555-
timer circuit is responsible for generating the clock signal that triggers the binary counter, which
in turn controls the state sequences of the LEDs. The combinational logic circuit is used to
decode the binary outputs of the counter and control the LED lights accordingly.
TESTING AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

The illustration presented depicts how binary input states relate to logic gates and their
corresponding outputs. Through the use of truth tables, the researchers successfully developed a
unidirectional traffic light intersection. The upcoming section will assess each circuit's
performance by utilizing their corresponding input states and outputs. This will also serve as
verification for the information provided in Table No. 1 regarding the states and their
corresponding outputs.

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Figure 9. Road 1, Road 2
Figure 10. Road 1 (Green), Road 2 (Red)
As indicated in Table 1, when state A and B are turned off, the resulting output should be
G1 and R2. The circuit designed and simulated proved that G1 and R2 would indeed be the
output if both A and B were 0. It's important to note that a binary input was utilized for the timer
to determine whether to progress to the next state or not. To sustain this state, the timer must
possess a value of 0. However, the timer utilized in the diagram displays a value of 1, thus
allowing the circuit to advance to the following state while R2 remains the same. Since road 1
has a green light, vehicles on that road can proceed straight or turn left, but due to road 2's red
light, they can't turn right.

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Figure 11. Road 1 (Yellow), Road 2 (Red)

It is now common knowledge that the output relies on both its present state and input, and
the circuit must load new information to advance to the next state. In Figure 6, state A shifts its
value from 0 to 1, while state B remains at 0. As a result, road 1 transitions from green to yellow,
but R2 remains unchanged as the timer has a value of 1, indicating that the state remains in the
same output. It's important to note that the timer initiates as soon as the state advances to the
next. The design circuit confirms that if state A is 1 and state B is 0, the output will be Y1 and
R2, consistent with Table 2. As a consequence, cars on road 1 should expect to stop since it's a
yellow light, while those on road 2 will remain halted.

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Figure 12. Road 1 (Red), Road 2 (Green)
The traffic light shifts are stated in this illustration. It simply indicates that the timer has
been reset to start running again when the input "t" shifts from 1 to 0. However, the circuit shows
that the input "t" has a value of 1. This suggests that the circuit is in operation. As shown in table
1, the output will be R1 and G2 if state A is 0 and state B is 1. The proposed traffic light
demonstrates during simulation that the generated input combination will produce R1 and G2. As
a result, it is implied that Road 1 has a red light and that vehicles must stop. Therefore, the
vehicle from road 2 has a green signal. The car on that road must either turn right or continue
straight.
Figure 13. Road 1 (Red), Road 2 (Yellow)
Figure 13 shows that state A changes from 0 to 1 while state B stays the same. So, the
color of Road 2 changes from green to yellow. However, R1 remains unchanged since the timer's
value is 1. It shows that the output's state is continuous. As shown in table 1, the output will be
R1 and Y2 if state A and B are both 1. The planned traffic light shows that the given input
combination will produce R1 and Y2 during simulation. The above process will carry on as
indicated by the conditions of A and B. According to the illustration, the vehicle on Road 2

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should stop because it is approaching a yellow light, however the vehicle on Road 1 will remain
stopped.
CONCLUSION
In this group project, the researchers were able to create a traffic control system by
applying Boolean logic. Using all the knowledge in the course digital principle and logic design,
they utilized different algorithms to have a one-way traffic light design on the intersection road
with the implementation of the given condition.
Upon successful completion of this activity, it is evident that the development and
planning of the one-way traffic system was proficiently strategized and implemented. The
operation of the circuit satisfies the developers' standards, which implies that the monitoring
devices or sensors are functioning properly with every aspect of the traffic designing procedure
and that LED alterations and transformations exhibit satisfactory responsiveness to the sensors.
Each state transition occurred as predicted. The detection of minimal discrepancies could have
been prevented by making sure to take into account each component of the design, specifically
the wirings or connections of multiple networks. The one-way traffic system was developed
solely for design purposes and to highlight the significance of logic circuits and digital
electronics in practical applications. In this regard, supplementary improvements and
innovations are necessary to support and effectively carry out the mentioned scheme. The
utilization of obsolete innovations is no longer suitable for practical purposes due to the
availability of higher-performing recent potential solutions such as microcontrollers.
RECOMMENDATION
From the drawn conclusions, the following recommendations are hereby formulated.
1. Fully comprehend the fundamental electronic concepts, theories, computations and meanings
to effectively incorporate them in circuit design.
2. Check the accuracy of the circuit’s construction, following each wire to each connection
point, and verify these elements one-by-one.
3. Become acquainted with the key elements of various simulation collaborative platform to
easily simulate and design a given circuit.
4. Other logic circuit techniques are greatly proposed to be applied to prevent certain errors and
establish a productive strategy in developing such traffic light.

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5. Future researchers may carry out a tangible experiment, in addition to an online simulation,
to examine and authenticate the functionality of the traffic light.
6. Further study could be undertaken to enhance the quality of the results achieved by the
researchers.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Askerzade, I.N, and Mustafa, M. (2011). Design and implementation of group traffic control system
using fuzzy Logic
Azadeh A. Javaheri, Z .and Saberi, M. (2008).Fuzzy controlled simulation for traffic
flow, APIEM 2008 Proceedings of the 9th Asia pacific industrial Engineering&
Management systems conference.
Hyong, J. L., Keon_ Myong L., Kyoung, A.S., Chang B.K, and Hyung, L.K.( 1995).
Traffic control of intersection group based on fuzzy logic, in proceedings of the 6th
international Fuzzy
Khalid, M., Liang, C. and Yusof, R. (2004). Control of a complex traffic junction using fuzzy
inference, Proceedings of the American control conference, San Antonio, Texas. systems
Association world congress.
Kelsey, R.L. and, Bisset, K.R. (1993). Simulation of traffic flow and control using fuzzy and
conventional methods, Fuzzy logic and Control software and hardware applications.
pp. 262- 278.
Normanyo, E., Dodoo-Quartey. N. and Adetunde. I.(2009). Telemetric control traffic lights

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intersections aspect ratio in Ghana., Vol.4, No.5 July 2009 ARPN Journal of
Engineering and Applied sciences.
Syed M. S., Syed A. A. and Humera N., (2009). "Fuzzy Rule Based Traffic Signal Control
System for Oversaturated Intersections," cinc, vol. 2, pp.162-165, 2009 International
Conference on Computational Intelligence and Natural Computing.
Wiering, M., Veenen, V.J., Vreeken, J. and Koopman, A. (2004). Intelligent traffic light
control., Institute of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht university
Technical Report uu-cs- 2004-029.
Wiseman Y. (2016)International Journal of Control and Automation 9 (7), 251-262,
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Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Department of Electronics Engineering

ECE 405 - DIGITAL PRINCIPLES AND LOGIC DESIGN

Boolean Logic Controlled Traffic Light Design and Simulation

CASTILLO, SOPHIA BIANCA G.

ENGR. RONALD B. PATRON

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Department of Electronics Engineering

Introduction/Background of the Project……………………………………………………3

Related Articles/Cited References………………………………………………….………6

Karnaugh Maps, State Diagrams, Etc………………………………………….….………..9

Testing and Discussion of Results………………………………………………………...14

Conclusions and Recommendations………………………………………………………17

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Department of Electronics Engineering

INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Modern traffic lights are time-controlled and sensor-controlled and implemented on

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Department of Electronics Engineering

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Department of Electronics Engineering

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Department of Electronics Engineering

RELATED ARTICLES/CITED REFERENCES

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Department of Electronics Engineering

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Department of Electronics Engineering

Figure 1. One-way Road Intersection Traffic Light Design

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Department of Electronics Engineering

Figure 2. One-way Road Intersection Traffic Light State Diagram

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Department of Electronics Engineering

Table 1. Binary Representation of The State Diagram

Figure 3. Karnaugh Map

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Department of Electronics Engineering

Figure 4. Combinational Logic Circuit Diagram

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Department of Electronics Engineering

Figure 5. 555 Timer Circuit Diagram

Figure 6. 4-Bit Binary Counter

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Department of Electronics Engineering

Table 1. Binary Representation

Figure 7. Operation Flow Chart

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Department of Electronics Engineering

TESTING AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Department of Electronics Engineering

Figure 9. Road 1, Road 2

Figure 10. Road 1 (Green), Road 2 (Red)

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives

Department of Electronics Engineering

Figure 11. Road 1 (Yellow), Road 2 (Red)

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives