STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR

GL1 BEAM

1. Description

- Stel Profile: HEB 1000

- Steel grade: S235
- Total length: 9m.
GL1 beam will be simply supported at the ends by GT3 and GT4 beams.

GL1
HEB1000

GT3 GT4
HEB1000 HEB1000

375mm. 825mm. 375mm.

2. Loads

Self weight was taken automatically into account.

 STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR GL1 BEAM

3. Profile checkings - linear static analysis

The calculations of the steel profile were done using AxisVM Software which is using linear static analysis.
The computed response (displacement, internal force) is linearly related to the applied load. Through the
geometric linearity, it is assumed that the displacements remain within the limits of the small displacement
theory. Through the material linearity, it is assumed that all materials and stiffness characteristics are linear-
elastic.

3.1. Overall results

Beam internal forces

Beam displacements
 STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR GL1 BEAM

3.2. Detailed checks of beam

STEEL MEMBER DESIGN

Design member 1
Nodes: 1-3
Code: Eurocode
EN 1993-1-1:2005 + AC:2009, EN 1993-1-5:2006
Material: S 235
Cross-section: HE 1000 B
Load case: Co #1
Coefficient for seismic forces: 1.0
Section class: 1 (Plastic design)

1. Axial force-Bending-Shear
EN 1993-1-1: 6.2.1, 6.2.8, 6.2.9
Critical section: x = 0.499∙L = 0.499∙900 = 449 cm
4
V z,Ed = 23 kN M y,Ed = − 4.5339∙10 kNcm = − 453.392 kNm
14 14

η NMV = max η N ; η M ; η M ; η V ; η V  = max (0 ; 13.0 ; 0 ; 0.8 ; 0) = 13.0 % passed

pl y,pl z,pl z y
 

2. Axial Force-Bending-Flexural Buckling

EN 1993-1-1: 6.3.3
Critical section: x = 0.499∙L = 0.499∙900 = 449 cm
N Ed = 0 kN (Beam in tension)
14

η NMBuckl = η NMV = 13.0 % passed

3. Axial force-Bending-Lateral torsional buckling

EN 1993-1-1: 6.3.3, Annex B: Method 2
Critical section: x = 0.499∙L = 0.499∙900 = 449 cm
N Ed = 0 kN
14

M y,Ed M z,Ed ( − 4.5339∙10 4 )

14 14 0
η NMLTBuckl = + = + = 24.7 % passed
χ LT ∙Wpl,y ∙f y Wpl,z ∙f y 0.53∙1.4855∙10 ∙24
4 1716∙24
γ M1 γ M1 1 1

4. Cross-section resistance to shear (y):

EN 1993-1-1: 6.2.6
Critical section: x = 0.000∙L = 0.000∙900 = 0 cm
A V,y = 2∙b ∙t f = 216 cm²
A V,y ∙f y 216∙24
V pl,Rd,y = = = 2931 kN (6.18)
3∙γ M0 3∙1
 STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR GL1 BEAM

V y,Ed 
ηV =   = |0| = 0 % (6.17)
1
passed
y V pl,Rd,y 2931

5. Shear web buckling resistance:

EN 1993-1-5: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5, Annex A: A.3
Critical section: x = 0.042∙L = 0.042∙900 = 38 cm
User setting: No need to check shear web buckling. →
A V,z = A − 2∙b ∙t f + (t w + 2∙r) ∙t f = 213 cm²
A V,z ∙f y 213∙24
V pl,Rd,z = = = 2883 kN (6.18)
3∙γ M0 3∙1

V z,Ed 
ηV =   = | ( − 188) | = 6.5 % (6.17)
1
passed
z V pl,Rd,z 2883

6. Web shear-Bending-Axial force

EN 1993-1-1: 6.2.9; EN 1993-1-5: 7.1
Disabled

Partial results

8. Cross-section resistance to axial force:

EN 1993-1-1: 6.2.4
Critical section: x = 0.000∙L = 0.000∙900 = 0 cm
A∙f y 400∙24
N pl,Rd = = = 9402 kN (6.10)
γ M0 1

N Ed 
ηN =   = |0| = 0 % (6.9)
1
passed
N pl,Rd 9402

9. Cross-section resistance to bending (yy):

EN 1993-1-1: 6.2.5
Critical section: x = 0.499∙L = 0.499∙900 = 449 cm
Wpl,y ∙f y 1.4855∙10 4 ∙24
5
M pl,Rd,y = = = 3.491∙10 kNcm = 3490.953 kNm (6.13)
γ M0 1

M y,Ed  | ( − 4.5339∙10 4 ) |
14
 
ηM = = = 13.0 % (6.12) passed
y,pl M pl,Rd,y 3.491∙10
5
 STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR GL1 BEAM

10. Cross-section resistance to bending (zz):

EN 1993-1-1: 6.2.5
Critical section: x = 0.000∙L = 0.000∙900 = 0 cm
Wpl,z ∙f y 1716∙24
4
M pl,Rd,z = = = 4.0332∙10 kNcm = 403.323 kNm (6.13)
γ M0 1

M z,Ed 
1 |0|
ηM =   = = 0 % (6.12) passed
z,pl M pl,Rd,z 4.0332∙10 4

11. Cross-section resistance to shear (z):

EN 1993-1-1: 6.2.6
Critical section: x = 0.042∙L = 0.042∙900 = 38 cm
A V,z = A − 2∙b ∙t f + (t w + 2∙r) ∙t f = 213 cm²
A V,z ∙f y 213∙24
V pl,Rd,z = = = 2883 kN (6.18)
3∙γ M0 3∙1

V z,Ed 
 1
 | ( − 188) |
ηV = = = 6.5 % (6.17) passed
z V pl,Rd,z 2883

12. Bending-shear interaction check

EN 1993-1-1: 6.2.1, 6.2.8, 6.2.9
Critical section: x = 0.499∙L = 0.499∙900 = 449 cm
V z,Ed = 23 kN ≤ V pl,Rd,z / 2 = 1442 kN → The effect of shear force on moment resistance is negligible. 6.2.8 (2)
14

V y,Ed = 0 kN ≤ V pl,Rd,y / 2 = 1465 kN → The effect of shear force on moment resistance is negligible. 6.2.8 (2)
14

13. Bending-axial force interaction check

EN 1993-1-1: 6.2.1, 6.2.8, 6.2.9
Critical section: x = 0.499∙L = 0.499∙900 = 449 cm
N Ed 
 14
 0
n= = = 0 % ≤ 25%
N pl,Rd 9402

2
h w ∙t w ∙f y 1∙10 w ∙1.9∙24
N Ed  = 0 kN ≤ N lim,y = = = 2072 kN
 14
 2∙γ M0 2∙1
2
h w ∙t w ∙f y 1∙10 w ∙1.9∙24
N Ed  = 0 kN ≤ N lim,z = = = 4144 kN
 14
 γ M0 1
5
M N,y,Rd = M y,V,Rd = 3.491∙10 kNcm = 3490.953 kNm
4
M N,z,Rd = M z,V,Rd = 4.0332∙10 kNcm = 403.323 kNm
 STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR GL1 BEAM

M y,Ed ( − 4.5339∙10 4 )
14
η MN,1 = = = 13.0 %
M N,y,Rd 3.491∙10
5

M z,Ed
14 0
η MN,2 = = =0%
M N,z,Rd 4.0332∙10
4

α MN = 2
β MN = max (5∙n / 100 ; 1) = max (5∙0/ 100 ; 1) = 1
α MN β MN 2
M y,Ed  M z,Ed  ( 4 
− 4.5339∙10 ) 
1
 0 
=
14
+
14
η MN,3 = +  4
= 1.7 % (6.41)
M N,y,Rd  M N,z,Rd   3.491∙10 5  4.0332∙10
       

η MN = max (η MN,1 ; η MN,2 ; η MN,3 ; η N ) = max (13.0 ; 0 ; 1.7 ; 0) = 13.0 % passed

14. Buckling resistance:

EN 1993-1-1: 6.3.1
Critical section: x = 0.499∙L = 0.499∙900 = 449 cm
Normal force is zero along the designed member.
→ χ y = 1 χ z = 1 χ TF = 1 → χ = 1
χ ∙A∙f y 1∙400∙24
N b,Rd = = = 3209 kN
γ M1 1

N Ed 
 14
 |0|
ηN = = = 0 % (6.46) passed
b N b,Rd 3209

15. Lateral-torsional buckling resistance:

EN 1993-1-1: 6.3.2
Critical section: x = 0.499∙L = 0.499∙900 = 449 cm
M cr Analysis method: Custom Mcr;
M cr = 2434 = 2434.000 kNm
Wy ∙f y 4
1.4855∙10 ∙24
λ LT = = = 1.20
M cr 2434

Buckling curve: c Table 6.5

→ α LT = 0.49 Table 6.3
2
1 + α LT ∙ (λ LT − λ LT,0 ) + β ∙λ LT 2
1 + 0.49∙ (1.20 − 0.4) + 0.75∙1.20
ϕ LT = = = 1.23
2 2

 1 1  1 1 
χ LT = min  ;1; 2 
= min  ;1; 2
 = 0.53 (6.57)
2 2 λ LT 1.23 + 2 2 1.20 
ϕ LT + ϕ LT − β ∙λ LT 1.23 − 0.75∙1.20
   
χ LT ∙Wy ∙f y 4
0.53∙1.4855∙10 ∙24 5
M b,Rd = = = 1.8369∙10 kNcm = 1836.850 kNm (6.55)
γ M1 1

M y,Ed  | ( − 4.5339∙10 4 ) |
14
 
ηM = = = 24.7 % (6.54) passed
b M b,Rd 1.8369∙10
5

IN CONCLUSION The beam can withstand the loads.

 STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR GL1 BEAM

4. Profile buckling checkings - nonlinear static analysis

The calculations were done using Ideastatica Software which is using nonlinear analysis of members and
joints using Component-based Finite Element Method (CBFEM).
The resulting equivalent stress (Huber-Mises-Hencky – HMH, von Mises) and plastic strain are calculated on
plates. Elasto-plastic material model is used for steel plates. A check of an equivalent plastic strain is
performed. The limiting value of 5 % is suggested in Eurocode (EN 1993-1-5, app. C, par. C8, note 1). The
program also displays the resulting equivalent stress (Huber-Mises-Hencky – HMH, von Mises) but the
ultimate criterion is the strain limit.

4.1. Linear buckling analysis

Linear buckling shape, mode 1

Linear buckling shape factors

1 2 3 4 5 6
Mode
[-] [-] [-] [-] [-] [-]

Buckling factor 7.06 23.93 44.67 49.04 49.57 52.30

Since the critical load factor <15 a 2nd order analysis should be performed (according to EN 1993-1-1,
Section 5.2.1)
 STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR GL1 BEAM

4.2. Geometrically and materially non-linear analysis with imperfections

Imperfections
Mode 1 2 3 4 5 6

Buckling factor 7.06 23.93 44.67 49.04 49.57 52.30

Amplitude [mm] 60 0 0 0 0 0

The imperfections value was taken into account according to EN 1993-1-1, Section 5.3.3. (L/150 =
9000mm/150 = 60mm.)
 STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR GL1 BEAM

Materia Th σEd εPl

Part Name Load Check
l [mm] [MPa] [%]
Bottom flange 1 S 235 36 LE1 89.829 0.0 OK
AM1 Top flange 1 S 235 36 LE1 75.287 0.0 OK
Web 1 S 235 19 LE1 86.232 0.0 OK
STIFF T1-a Stiffener (STIFF T1-a) S 235 20 LE1 8.048 0.0 OK
STIFF T1-b Stiffener (STIFF T1-b) S 235 20 LE1 5.531 0.0 OK
Bottom flange 1 S 235 36 LE1 60.501 0.0 OK
RM2 Top flange 1 S 235 36 LE1 87.811 0.0 OK
Web 1 S 235 19 LE1 30.745 0.0 OK
Bottom flange 1 S 235 36 LE1 59.922 0.0 OK
RM3 Top flange 1 S 235 36 LE1 88.092 0.0 OK
Web 1 S 235 19 LE1 30.677 0.0 OK
Stiffener (STIFF1a) S 235 20 LE1 27.714 0.0 OK
Stiffener (STIFF1b) S 235 20 LE1 53.038 0.0 OK
CON1
Stiffener (STIFF2a) S 235 20 LE1 166.361 0.0 OK
Stiffener (STIFF2b) S 235 20 LE1 65.948 0.0 OK
Stiffener (STIFF1a) S 235 20 LE1 27.166 0.0 OK
Stiffener (STIFF1b) S 235 20 LE1 53.665 0.0 OK
CON2
Stiffener (STIFF2a) S 235 20 LE1 64.683 0.0 OK
Stiffener (STIFF2b) S 235 20 LE1 163.629 0.0 OK

We can see that the plastic strain εPl = 0% (no plastic deformation)
In conclusion connection can withstand the load.

5. Connection checkings
The connection forces were taken from the liniar analysis model.
The calculations were done using Ideastatica Software which is using nonlinear analysis of members and
joints using Component-based Finite Element Method (CBFEM).
The resulting equivalent stress (Huber-Mises-Hencky – HMH, von Mises) and plastic strain are calculated on
plates. Elasto-plastic material model is used for steel plates. A check of an equivalent plastic strain is
performed. The limiting value of 5 % is suggested in Eurocode (EN 1993-1-5, app. C, par. C8, note 1). The
program also displays the resulting equivalent stress (Huber-Mises-Hencky – HMH, von Mises) but the
ultimate criterion is the strain limit.
 STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR GL1 BEAM

Load effects (forces in equilibrium)

N Vy Vz Mx My Mz
Member
[kN] [kN] [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm]
AM1 0.000 0.000 -189.2 0.000 0.000 0.000

Check:
Summary checks

Name Value Status

Analysis 100.0% OK
Plates 0.0 < 5.0% OK
Bolts 2.9 < 100% OK
Welds 10.9 < 100% OK

Plates check

εPl
Thickness σEd σc,Ed
Name Loads [% Status
[mm] [MPa] [MPa]
]
AM1-bfl 1 36.0 LE1 20.997 0.0 5.714 OK
AM1-tfl 1 36.0 LE1 21.129 0.0 0.000 OK
AM1-w 1 19.0 LE1 24.299 0.0 0.000 OK
RM2-bfl 1 36.0 LE1 20.915 0.0 0.000 OK
RM2-tfl 1 36.0 LE1 21.414 0.0 9.299 OK
RM2-w 1 19.0 LE1 24.256 0.0 0.000 OK
STIFF1a 20.0 LE1 20.199 0.0 0.000 OK
STIFF1b 20.0 LE1 24.011 0.0 0.000 OK
STIFF2a 20.0 LE1 19.303 0.0 0.000 OK
STIFF2b 20.0 LE1 24.229 0.0 0.000 OK

Symbol explanation:

εPl Strain
σEd Eq. stress
σc,Ed Contact stress
 STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR GL1 BEAM

Strain check, LE1

Equivalent stress, LE1

 STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR GL1 BEAM

Bolts

Nam Ft,Ed V Fb,Rd Utt Uts Utts

Loads Status
e [kN] [kN] [kN] [%] [%] [%]
B1 LE1 0.000 1.726 414.720 0.0 2.9 2.9 OK
B2 LE1 0.000 1.157 414.720 0.0 1.9 1.9 OK
B3 LE1 0.000 1.123 414.720 0.0 1.9 1.9 OK

B4 LE1 0.000 1.690 414.720 0.0 2.8 2.8 OK

Design resistance of bolts

Ft,Rd Bp,Rd Fv,Rd

Name
[kN] [kN] [kN]
M16 8.8 -
90.432 495.909 60.288
1

Symbol explanation

Ft,Rd Bolt tension resistance EN 1993-1-8 – Tab. 3.4

Ft,Ed Tension force
Bp,Rd Punching shear resistance EN 1993-1-8 – Tab. 3.4
V Resultant of bolt shear forces Vy and Vz in shear planes
Fv,Rd Bolt shear resistance EN 1993-1-8 – Tab. 3.4
Fb,Rd Plate bearing resistance EN 1993-1-8 – Tab. 3.4
Utt Utilization in tension
Uts Utilization in shear
Utts Interaction of tension and shear EN 1993-1-8 – Tab. 3.4

Welds

Lengt
Throat th. σw,Ed εPl σ⏊ τ|| τ⏊ Ut Utc Sta
Item Edge h Loads
[mm] [MPa] [%] [MPa] [MPa] [MPa] [%] [%] tus
[mm]
-
AM1- -
STIFF1a ◢ 10.0 ◣ 110 LE1 31.719 0.0 13.49 9.396 8.8 7.2 OK
bfl 1 13.650
9
-
◢ 10.0 ◣ 110 LE1 31.947 0.0 13.56 -9.936 13.421 8.9 7.6 OK
8
AM1-
STIFF1a ◢ 9.5 ◣ 868 LE1 8.436 0.0 -1.965 -4.340 -1.897 2.3 0.7 OK
w1
◢ 9.5 ◣ 868 LE1 10.571 0.0 -1.795 5.718 1.863 2.9 1.6 OK
AM1-
STIFF1a ◢ 10.0 ◣ 110 LE1 2.364 0.0 -1.529 0.803 -0.663 0.7 0.5 OK
tfl 1
◢ 10.0 ◣ 110 LE1 1.311 0.0 0.299 -0.471 0.567 0.4 0.3 OK
AM1- STIFF1b ◢ 10.0 ◣ 111 LE1 38.285 0.0 - 11.033 - 10.6 8.9 OK
 STRUCTURAL CALCULATION FOR GL1 BEAM

16.48
bfl 1 16.622
3
-
-
◢ 10.0 ◣ 111 LE1 36.505 0.0 15.58 15.453 10.1 8.2 OK
11.154
8
AM1-
STIFF1b ◢ 9.5 ◣ 868 LE1 8.999 0.0 -1.700 -4.835 -1.628 2.5 0.9 OK
w1
◢ 9.5 ◣ 868 LE1 11.384 0.0 -1.812 6.209 1.883 3.2 1.7 OK
AM1-
STIFF1b ◢ 10.0 ◣ 111 LE1 2.765 0.0 0.440 1.565 0.192 0.8 0.6 OK
tfl 1
◢ 10.0 ◣ 111 LE1 4.669 0.0 -2.407 -0.820 2.159 1.3 1.0 OK
RM2
STIFF2a ◢ 10.0 ◣ 110 LE1 1.489 0.0 0.275 -0.455 -0.712 0.4 0.3 OK
-bfl 1
◢ 10.0 ◣ 110 LE1 2.727 0.0 -1.729 0.965 0.742 0.8 0.5 OK
RM2
STIFF2a ◢ 9.5 ◣ 868 LE1 9.823 0.0 -1.767 5.282 -1.796 2.7 1.4 OK
-w 1
◢ 9.5 ◣ 868 LE1 8.191 0.0 -1.833 -4.241 1.805 2.3 0.8 OK
-
RM2 -
STIFF2a ◢ 10.0 ◣ 110 LE1 28.111 0.0 12.08 -8.059 7.8 7.0 OK
-tfl 1 12.239
3
-
◢ 10.0 ◣ 110 LE1 28.050 0.0 12.33 7.945 12.182 7.8 6.7 OK
7
RM2
STIFF2b ◢ 10.0 ◣ 111 LE1 4.585 0.0 -2.330 -0.638 -2.189 1.3 0.9 OK
-bfl 1
◢ 10.0 ◣ 111 LE1 2.846 0.0 0.459 1.590 -0.318 0.8 0.7 OK
RM2
STIFF2b ◢ 9.5 ◣ 868 LE1 11.120 0.0 -1.718 6.096 -1.754 3.1 1.6 OK
-w 1
◢ 9.5 ◣ 868 LE1 9.412 0.0 -1.570 -5.134 1.534 2.6 1.0 OK
-
RM2 - -
STIFF2b ◢ 10.0 ◣ 111 LE1 37.499 0.0 16.08 10.4 8.4 OK
-tfl 1 11.233 16.011
0
-
◢ 10.0 ◣ 111 LE1 39.073 0.0 16.89 11.225 16.964 10.9 9.0 OK
2

Design resistance of welds

βw σw,Rd 0.9 σ
[-] [MPa] [MPa]
S 235 0.80 360.000 259.200

Symbol explanation

◢ Fillet weld
εPl Strain
σw,Ed Equivalent stress
σw,Rd Equivalent stress resistance
σ⏊ Perpendicular stress
τ|| Shear stress parallel to weld axis
τ⏊ Shear stress perpendicular to weld axis
0.9 σ Perpendicular stress resistance: 0.9*fu/γM2
βw Correlation factor EN 1993-1-8 tab. 4.1
Ut Utilization
Utc Weld capacity utilization

IN CONCLUSION the connection can withstand the load.