Machine Element Design MEC 331 Machine Element Design MEC 331

LOGO
MACHINE
ELEMENT DESIGN
MEC 331
Chapter 3:
Bearings
By:
Nurrul Amilin Zainal Abidin
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal
UiTM Cawangan Johor
Topics
3.1 Introduction, Terminology, Standards and

Designation
3.2 Rolling-Element Bearing
3.3 Selection Rolling-Contact Bearing
3.1 Introduction, Terminology,
Classification and Designation
Functions:
1) to provide relative positioning and rotational
freedom while transmitting a load between two
parts.
2) Carrying load - refers to contacting surfaces
through which a load is transmitted.
3) to reduce the friction, wear and heating between
two surfaces.
3.1 Introduction, Terminology,
Classification and Designation
2 common type of bearing:

 sliding / journal bearings
• support loads perpendicular to the shaft axis by
pressure developed in the liquid.
 rolling-element bearing.
• known as rolling bearings or antifriction bearings.
 Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association (AFBMA) and ISO

standardized bearing dimensions and basis for their selection.
 3 groups of rolling bearing:
 Radial for carrying loads
 Thrust or axial contact for supporting loads
 Angular contact for carrying combined axial and radial loads.
Some bearings are designed to carry only

radial or thrust loads, or combination of both
 2 types:
 ball bearing
• capable for higher speed
 roller bearings
• greater loads
 Basic configuration
 inner ring
 outer ring
 Balls/roller
 separator/retainer.
 Raceways
 curvilinear groove to increase contact area.
 Types of ball bearing:

1) deep-groove:
• can stand radial and thrust/axial load;
2)Angular contact:
• can support greater thrust and radial load;
3)Self-aligning:
• can support both radial and thrust loads;
4) Thrust bearing:
• can support thrust loading only;
Types of ball bearing:

Roller bearing
 Roller
 straight, tapered or contoured cylindrical roller.
 Application
 shock and impact load; can support much higher static and
dynamic loading.
Roller bearing
 5 basic types:
 cylindrical roller
 spherical roller
 tapered thrust roller
 needle roller
 tapered roller
 Straight roller
 purely radial load.
 Spherical roller
 accommodate misalignment.
 Needle
 radial space is limited.
 Tapered
 can stand either radial or thrust load or combinations
• single row -> wheel bearing
• double and four-row -> heavier loads.
 Special Bearing
 pillow block and flange.
Standard Dimension
 D = bearing bore
 Do = outside diameter
 w = width
 ds = shaft shoulder
diameter
 dh = housing diameter
 r = fillet radius
Bearings are identified by 2-digit number (by

AFBMA) called dimension series code.
 First digit = width;
 second digit = diameter.
May refer to Table 10.3 (page 407) and
Table 10.4 (page 408)
Rolling bearing life
Stress occurs on the raceways and rolling

element.
The bearing has a limited life.
Type of failure:
 Pitting
 Spalling
 chipping load carrying surfaces.
 Bearing life
 number of revolutions or hours at some uniform speed at
which the bearing operates until fatigue failure.
 Rating life L10 = # of rev (or hrs at uniform speed)
 90% of a group of identical roller bearings will complete or
exceed before the first evidence of fatigue develops.
 Median life, L5
 50% of the group of bearings would complete or exceed.
 5 times L10.
 Basic dynamic load rating C

 the constant radial load that a group of identical bearings
can take for a rating life of 1 million rev of the inner ring in a
stationary load (outer ring does not rotate).
 Basic static load rating Cs
 maximum allowable static load that does not impair the
running characteristics of the bearing.
 Cs
• depends on bearing material, number of rolling elements
per row, bearing contact angle, the ball or roller
diameter.
 May refer to Table 3.1 and Table 3.2
Equivalent Radial Load
 The maximum of the values of P:

P  XVFr  YFa
P  VFr
P = equivalent radial load,
Fr = applied radial load,
Fa = applied axial load (thrust),
V = a rotation factor = 1.0 -> for inner ring, 1.2 -> for outer ring,
X = a radial factor,
Y = a thrust factor
 Refer to table 3.3, 3.4.
Equivalent shock loading
 Shock loadings has the effect of increasing the

equivalent radial load.
 Shock or service load, Ks
 can be accounted for any shock or impact subjected to
bearings.
P  K s ( XVFr  YFa ) Ball bearing
P  K sVFr Roller bearing

 Refer to table 3.5.
Selection of rolling bearings
Bearings may differ metallurgically, surface

finish, roundness of rolling element etc
No two bearings within same family have the
exact number of operating hours to fatigue
failure after subjected to identical speed and
load condition.
Selection of bearings made from standard

table containing load and life ratings.
Cs
 has little effect in bearing selection. However, if
bearing is subjected to load higher than Cs for
extended period of time, local deformation can
occur.
 Rating life of bearings can be estimated by :

(revolutions)
a
C  a = 3 for ball bearings
L10   
P a = 10/3 for roller bearings
 Alternatively, it can be determined by: (hours)

a
10 6  C 
L10   
60n  P 
 When 2 groups of identical bearings are run with

different loads P1 and P2;
 the ratio of rating lives:
a
L'
P 
  2 
10
''
L10  P1 
Reliability Requirement
 Rating life based on 90% reliability (or 10% failure).

 AFBMA recommend life adjustment factors, Kr, plotted in the graph.
 Applied for both ball and roller bearings. Important notes!!
 It is restricted to reliabilities no greater than 99%. Student should know what is
rating life, median life and
 Rating life; rating life for reliability
greater than 90%
a
C 
L5  K r   1) Rating life (reliability =
P 90%, failure= 10%)- L10
2) Median life – 5 times
Rating life
 L5 = rating life for any given reliability greater than 90%. 3) Rating life (for reliability >
90%, failure < 10%)
L5 = Kr (C/P)a
EXAMPLE 1
A 25 mm (02) series deep groove ball bearing

cariies a combined load of 2 kN radially and 3
kN axially at 1500 rpm. The outer ring rotates
and the load is steady. Find rating life in hours:
EXAMPLE 2
A 50 mm bore (02 series) deep groove ball

bearing carries a combined load of 9kN radially
and 6 kN axially at 1200 rpm. Calculate:
(i) The equivalent radial load
(ii) The median life in hours
(iii) The loading of a ball bearing if the expected
life is increase by 25%
Assumptions: The outer ring rotates and load in
moderate shock
EXAMPLE 3
A 60 mm bore (02 series) double row, angular

contact ball bearing has a 15o contact angle.
The outer ring rotates and the bearing carries a
combined steady load of 5 kN radially and 1.5
kN axially at 1000 rpm. Calculate the median
life in hours.
Example 4
A solid steel shaft carries belt tension at pulley C as shown in Figure 1.

Bearing at both ends of the shaft are taken to be identical 02 series deep
groove and subjected to light shock loading. The inner ring rotates and
operating at a speed of 1800 rpm. The average life of 10 years at 10
hours per day and 300 working days per year. Determine:
(i) The radial load
(ii) The diameter of the bearing
(iii) Median life
(iv) Expected rating life if 5% probability of failure can be permitted at
1200 rpm
Example 5
Figure 2 shows the force acting on steel shaft carrying two pulleys. The pulleys are
keyed at B and D. The shaft is mounted on two bearings A and C. The shaft has 12
mm diameter and operates at 1725 rpm. Bearing at both end of the shaft are taken
to be identical 02 series deep groove and subjected radial load, Fr, with light shock
loading and the inner rings rotate. Design life specification is 30000 hour. Thrust
load are negligible. Determine:
(i) The radial load, Fr
(ii) The equivalent radial load
(iii) The size of bearing
REFERENCE
1. A.C. Ugural, Mechanical Design: An

Integarted Approach, 1st Edition, McGraw-
Hill, Inc., 2003
2. Machine Design, R-S-Khurmi-J-K-Gupta-S-
chand, 2005
3. J. Shingley, C. Mischke, and R. Budynas,
Mechanical Engineering Design, 7th Edition,
McGraw-Hill, Inc.,2004.

Machine Element Design MEC 331 Machine Element Design MEC 331

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Machine Element Design MEC 331 Machine Element Design MEC 331

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Machine Element Design MEC 331 Machine Element Design MEC 331

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LOGO

3.1 Introduction, Terminology, Standards and

2 common type of bearing:

 Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association (AFBMA) and ISO

Some bearings are designed to carry only

 Types of ball bearing:

Types of ball bearing:

Bearings are identified by 2-digit number (by

Rolling bearing life

Stress occurs on the raceways and rolling

 Basic dynamic load rating C

Equivalent Radial Load

 The maximum of the values of P:

Equivalent shock loading

 Shock loadings has the effect of increasing the

P  K sVFr Roller bearing

Selection of rolling bearings

Bearings may differ metallurgically, surface

Selection of bearings made from standard

 Rating life of bearings can be estimated by :

 Alternatively, it can be determined by: (hours)

 When 2 groups of identical bearings are run with

 Rating life based on 90% reliability (or 10% failure).

A 25 mm (02) series deep groove ball bearing

A 50 mm bore (02 series) deep groove ball

A 60 mm bore (02 series) double row, angular

A solid steel shaft carries belt tension at pulley C as shown in Figure 1.

1. A.C. Ugural, Mechanical Design: An

You might also like